relta questions

帅哥发表于 2008-12-31 20:37:00

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A time bomb made of dynamite sticks <o:p></o:p>
One object looks like a time bomb composed of a bundle of dynamite sticks and a timer connected by electric wires <o:p></o:p></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1026 style="WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: char; mso-position-vertical-relative: line" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="200255481-001" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg"></v:imagedata><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><o:p></o:p>
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It looks like a road barrier which is made of a metal rack. The horizontal bar of the rack is painted with orange and white diagonal stripes. On top of the rack, there is a yellow flash light to the right.<o:p></o:p></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><v:shape id=_x0000_s1027 style="WIDTH: 153pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: char; mso-position-vertical-relative: line" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="u19455941" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.jpg"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><o:p></o:p>
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Section 2 中的特殊情况<o:p></o:p>
1. 滑行道上有碎片或残片，例如debris，飞行员需要与ATC联系清除滑行道上的残片。滑跑过程中，出现滑油压力低（oil pressure low)，需要中断起飞。需要关车并滑回停机坪检修。飞行员需根据情况与塔台联系，要求机务检查。并且需要下客，更换飞机。 <o:p></o:p>
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During taxing, I found some debris on the surface of the taxiway. It looked like pieces of a tire and some wreckage of aircraft or vehicle. We reported the event to ATC. We continued taxi to the runway after the taxiway was cleared. We were cleared for take-off, suddenly a caution message “R ENG OIL PRESS” popped out during takeoff roll, we rejected the take-off immediately. We stopped on the runway, and shut down the engine afterwards. We contacted ATC for taxiing back to the ramp and got the aircraft checked by the maintenance. That is all I can remember.<o:p></o:p>
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<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">2. 飞机客舱门（cabin door seal problem）失密，有噪声(whistling noise)、我们联系了公司运控(operations).接着左前客舱门会飞掉 be blown out, cabin door debris was sucked into one engine and caused the engine damage,机长关停了受损发动机.然后会出现紧急失压（cabin rapid depressurization ），飞行员联系CENTER申请紧急下降 (request emergency descent and landing)，require emergency service on arrival. Ambulance and fire truck。Evacuation on runway ( 在跑道上紧急撤离）<o:p></o:p>
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 During the flight, the flight attendant reported a loud whistling noise coming from the left forward cabin door. I contacted company operations, and they thought it might be the cabin door seal problem, which could lead to cabin depressurization. After a while, the left cabin door was blown out and the debris damaged one engine. The cabin was immediately depressurized. We executed emergency descent, and shut down the damaged engine. Since the situation is critical, we declared emergency and required ATC to provide radar vectoring and landing priority. Since we have 3 injured passengers and a damaged engine, we required ATC to provide emergency services such as ambulance and fire trucks on arrival. Fortunately we made a safe landing and evacuated the aircraft after landing due to engine fire. Luckily no one was hurt afterwards. <o:p></o:p>
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<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">3. 飞行过程中，前方有developing CB,遭遇严重颠簸，旅客受伤。飞机遭受雷击（lightning strike）, 雷击的位置在风挡的左上部, 机体没有损伤.后来，lost electrical power,驾驶舱仪表全部失效(total  instrument failure)，机组需要使用电筒（torch)来观察仪表，并要求ATC雷达引导返场着陆, 需要放油，请求急救车和消防车。。<o:p></o:p>
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During the flight, there were developing CBs ahead. We accidentally flew into the cloud, and encountered severe turbulence and lightning strike. The lightning struck the upper left part of the windshield, and the airframe didn’t suffer major damage. Some of the passengers were injured. Our aircraft had lost electrical power due to lightning strike. All the instrument displays failed and the cockpit was blacked out. We had to use torch to illuminate the instruments. We requested radar vectoring to divert to a nearby airport. We had to dump fuel before landing to avoid over weight landing. We also required emergency services on arrival as a precaution. We finally made a safe landing.<o:p></o:p>
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<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">4. 飞机客舱内乘务员在头等舱左侧头顶行李舱（overhead compartment）里发现可疑物体(a suspicious object looks like an explosive)，类似爆炸物，涉及的词汇有 explosive , bomb, timer (定时器), or dynamite sticks雷管。随后爆炸物在客舱内爆炸，旅客呼吸有困难, 旅客及机组需要戴氧气面罩. 机组需要向管制通报紧急状况并请求ATC提供帮助。在飞行中考官可能会问到爆炸物的位置(overhead compartment on the left side of the first class cabin)以及机上货舱内是否有危险物品（ATC: confirm you have no dangerous cargo in the hold, PILOT: negative, we have dangerous cargo in the hold。<o:p></o:p>
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During flight, the cabin crew reported that they had found a suspicious object in the overhead compartment on the left side of the first class cabin. We examined the object. It looked like an explosive or bomb because it had several dynamite sticks taped together with a timer. The cabin crew moved the passengers far away from the area. After a short while, the cabin crew reported smoke and fire coming out from the overhead compartment. The passengers and crew had to use oxygen masks in order to breathe normally. We immediately contacted ATC to declare an emergency and required ATC assistance. (own navigation) We also required emergency services on arrival. <o:p></o:p>
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<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">5. 飞行过程中，ATC 报告附近有架飞机失去了联系，首先要求你和这架飞机联络，但是没有成功．ＡＴＣ又要求你跟踪并观察(follow and observe)此架出现问题的飞机，首先你会发现该飞机处于平飞状态，尾部有尾迹（vapor trail).在接近飞机时，你使用望远镜（binoculars)会看到飞机的后货舱门打开了，有液体流出．客舱内旅客氧气面罩脱落(all the passenger oxygen masks had been deployed ), ，一名旅客在向窗外挥手．驾驶舱内<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,副驾驶已经失去知觉（passed out或was unconscious ) ，没有看到机长．你向ＡＴＣ进行了报告，并跟踪了一段时间，随后ATC 通知军机 (military aircraft) 对该飞机进行护航（escort).你继续飞往目的地机场．航班有些延误．<o:p></o:p>
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During the flight, ATC reported a nearby aircraft had lost radio contact. ATC asked me to contact that aircraft but I failed to receive any response from that aircraft. Then ATC requested me to follow and observe the aircraft. I found the aircraft was flying normally with a vapor trail behind its tail. Through binoculars, we could see the rear cargo door was open and some liquid came out from that aircraft. In the cabin, all the oxygen masks had been deployed and one passenger was waving to us. Other passengers and the first officer had lost consciousness. The captain seat was empty. We reported the condition of the aircraft to ATC and followed it for a while. Finally ATC notified the military aircraft to escort that aircraft. Then we were cleared to continue to our destination with some delay.<o:p></o:p>
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<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">6. 飞机在海洋上空飞行过程中，ATC收到海上运油船oil tanker/vessel 的distress signal, ATC要求飞机搜寻油船的位置。机长需要与运油船通过特定频率进行联络。图片上会有应急发射机（emergency transmitter）的频率， 联系成功，机长发现运油船上失火，海上还有遗洒的原油（oil spill），船员正在使用救生筏life rafts逃生，机长需要通报油船位置的经纬度和船上情况，以及自己的续航能力endurance.后来，ATC 通知海军船只navy vessel和直升机helicopter前来救援, 直升机通过绳索将船员（crewmen）救起, 所有船员生还（survived），只有一个人受伤。<o:p></o:p>
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While I was flying over the sea, ATC advised us that they’d received a distress signal from one oil tanker. ATC requested us to search for the tanker. Through emergency frequency, I contacted the tanker and flew over it. I found that the tanker was on fire and there was some oil spill on the surface of the sea. Some crewmen attempted to escape by life rafts. I relayed the position and condition of the tanker to ATC. When I was holding in that area, ATC had sent a navy vessel and a helicopter to rescue the crew. The helicopter lifted all people onboard to the rescue ship, every one survived and only one was slightly injured.<o:p></o:p>
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Frequently asked questions<o:p></o:p>
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1. Can you tell me what happened in the second part of the test?<o:p></o:p>
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2. Have you ever experienced/ encountered such emergency situation /events? What did you do then? Or Can you tell me something about it？<o:p></o:p>
No, I have never experienced any emergency situation like that. However I know some pilots in our company did encounter some emergency situations such as engine flame out, windshield damage, severe turbulence, lightning strike, hydraulic system failure etc. Since pilots in Air <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> have done a lot of training on emergency situations in the simulator, they were able to handle the situation efficiently and landed the aircraft safely.<o:p></o:p>
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3. In what other situations do pilots need to make an emergency descent/dump fuel/divert to an alternate？Have you ever diverted?<o:p></o:p>
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 There are many situations that require pilots to divert. For example, weather condition is below minima at destination airport, engine flame out, engine fire, cabin depressurization,  cabin or cargo compartment fire, fuel emergency, major system malfunctions and severely ill passenger etc (and so on). I have diverted several times mostly due to bad weather.<o:p></o:p>
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 There are several situations that can make pilots to make emergency descent such as cabin depressurization, cabin or cargo compartment fire, windshield damage, volcanic ash at cruising level, clear air turbulence, explosives on board and so on. I have never made an emergency descent. However I have done many emergency descent drills (trainings) in the simulator. I know the procedure very well and I felt very confident in dealing with abnormal situations in flight.<o:p></o:p>
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 There are several reasons can make pilots dump fuel during the flight. Generally speaking, if your aircraft has some major problems such as engine flame out, cabin or cargo fire, serious electrical or hydraulic malfunctions, and you have to divert to the nearest suitable airport. If your aircraft is overweight at that time, you have to dump fuel to reduce the landing weight to a normal level.<o:p></o:p>
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4. Tell me something causes you to divert in the simulator training?<o:p></o:p>
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     In the simulator training, the reasons that make pilots divert are very similar to that in the real flight. Pilots should deal with the problem just as same as in flight. For example, weather condition is below minima at destination airport, engine failure after take-off, engine in-flight shutdown, engine fire, cabin depressurization,  cabin or cargo compartment fire, fuel  emergency, major system malfunctions and severely ill passenger etc (and so on). All these conditions may affect the safety of operation if you continue to fly to your destination. Pilots should identify the actual problems of the aircraft and complete the correct procedures according to the check list. Pilots should also contact ATC to divert the nearest airport. <o:p></o:p>
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5. Have you ever experienced any delay/aborted takeoff? Can you tell me the reasons why you were delayed/aborted take-off? How did the airline handle the delays? <o:p></o:p>
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6. Have you experienced cabin depressurization? /do you know any pilot who has experienced cabin depressurization?<o:p></o:p>
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I have never encountered any cabin depressurization in my flight. And I don’t know any of Air <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> pilots had such an experience. However, since we don’t normally experience abnormal situations or emergency like that in real flight, we have to carry out recurrent training in the simulator twice every year in order to be familiarized with a number of abnormal procedures such as cabin depressurization, emergency descent and engine failure etc. <o:p></o:p>
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7. What is the most serious situation and what is the least serious situation of cabin depressurization?<o:p></o:p>
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The most serious situation is like the example in our RELTA test. The aircraft had lost a cabin door and the engine had been damaged by the debris of the cabin door. The cabin pressure dropped rapidly we must put on oxygen masks as soon as possible and descend to a lower altitude. Because the passenger oxygen can only last 12 minutes and we must descend to a lower altitude where there is enough oxygen for people to breathe. The least serious situation is that the cabin pressure can not be maintained and gradually decreases. In that case, we must make an emergency descent. However we have relative longer time to handle the situation because the cabin pressure will not be lost in a short time.<o:p></o:p>
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8. Have you practiced cabin depressurization in the simulator? How did you do in the simulator to deal with the cabin depressurization?<o:p></o:p>
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As for cabin depressurization, simulator instructor usually sets up similar abnormal situations in the simulator and asks the flight crew to complete the emergency procedures. Pilots should put on the oxygen masks and make sure the passengers’ masks are deployed. They should also notify the ATC to request to deviate from the current track and descend immediately to a lower altitude normally below <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="10000" UnitName="ft">10,000ft</st1:chmetcnv> to ensure the passengers can breath without oxygen masks and avoid any possible airframe damage.<o:p></o:p>
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9. Can you tell me the differences between crew oxygen mask and passenger oxygen mask?<o:p></o:p>
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The oxygen of the crew oxygen mask usually lasts longer than the passenger oxygen mask, because we need the pilots to be alive to fly the aircraft.  If the pilots can keep alive and safely operate the aircraft during emergency situation, the safety of the passengers can be assured. Crew oxygen is supplied from an oxygen cylinder, while passenger oxygen is supplied by chemical oxygen generators.<o:p></o:p>
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爆炸物类问题<o:p></o:p>
1. What kind of material is it? How has it been carried onto the aircraft? What did you do?<o:p></o:p>
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It was a suspicious object and it looked like a time bomb which was made of several dynamite sticks taped together and connected by electric wires to a timer. It must have been carried onto the aircraft by terrorist or hijacker who had covered it up and passed through the airport security check. I think the airport security check didn’t check the carry-on baggage very carefully. Maybe the screening machine failed to detect it. <o:p></o:p>
During the flight, the cabin crew reported that they had found out a suspicious object in the overhead compartment. We examined the object. It was very similar to an explosive or bomb because it had several dynamite sticks taped together with a timer. The cabin crew had moved the passengers far away form the area. After a short while, the cabin crew reported smoke coming from the overhead compartment and the smoke continued to become worse although there was no fire at the moment. We immediately contacted ATC to declare emergency and requested to land as soon as possible. We also requested the emergency services on arrival. We landed safely and evacuated the aircraft on the runway. <o:p></o:p>
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2. What materials (substances/articles) are prohibited in the cabin. What are allowed to be carried in the hold? What substances are even not allowed in the hold?<o:p></o:p>
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According to CAAC regulations, there are many substances prohibited in the cabin such as guns, firearms, weapons, sharp objects, explosives and flammable substances, and toxic substances. <o:p></o:p>
As far as I know, besides all the checked-in baggage，some items prohibited in the cabin can be allowed in the hold, such as kitchen knives, clippers, big fruit knives, razors and sharp or  blunt items  used for work.<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; text-underline: none; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">According to the CAAC list of the prohibited dangerous goods in the hold, there are numbers of items which are not even allowed in the hold. These items usually present potential harm to aviation safety such as explosives, gases, flammable liquids, fireworks, flares, radioactive material, toxic or infectious substances, corrosive batteries etc. <o:p></o:p>
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3. Tell me about the security process changes in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. How to improve the security procedure in the future? How do the changes affect on you.<o:p></o:p>
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With the rapid development of the aviation industry in the last decade, there are also many changes in the security process in most airports in <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>, especially big international airports such as <st1:City w:st="on">Beijing</st1:City>, <st1:City w:st="on">Shanghai</st1:City>, and <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Guangzhou</st1:place></st1:City>. They have invested a lot of money in advanced security equipment, they have got many staff employed and trained. Most importantly, the security procedures have been improved a lot. Right now, passengers have to be screened through detection machines and all the sharp items such knifes and scissors are prohibited in the cabin. After 911, the procedure became much stricter. Passengers have to take off their shoes and belts before going through the screening machines. Their personal information including travel plans must be filed to the TSA before departing for <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>.   <o:p></o:p>
Of course, there are many areas need to be improved in the security procedure. Firstly more advanced security equipments should be introduced in order to detect dangerous items that could not be detected right now. Airports need to employ more qualified security staff to meet the growing number of passengers to reduce the waiting time of the passengers. The existing security personnel should be given more training to help them to be able to identify items harmful to the flight safety. In my opinion, airlines should set up data base to record and track the passengers who have a potential to commit harmful acts. <o:p></o:p>
With the improvement of the security process, we will feel much safer in the flight. Airline could provide a better and safer service to the passengers.<o:p></o:p>
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紧急情况类问题<o:p></o:p>
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1. Do you know any cabin fire incident in your company? Tell me about it。<o:p></o:p>
Yes, I have heard some cabin fire incidents on Air <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>’s flights. I haven’t experienced any cabin fire personally. To my knowledge, most of the cabin fires were caused by passenger smoking in the lavatory. They put the burning cigarette in the dust bin and light up the tissues. The fire and smoke had triggered the fire alarm in the lavatory. The flight attendants put out the fire immediately. The fire was not so serious and didn’t cause severe damage. The pilots on the aircraft didn’t declare emergency and continued their flight.<o:p></o:p>
2. Have you ever declared an emergency? How do you do in the simulator to practice (drill) emergency situations such as rapid depressurization?<o:p></o:p>
No I haven’t declared any emergency since I began to fly.  However as a pilot, we have to do lots of trainings in the simulators to drill the emergency situation such as rapid depressurization.<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt"> As for cabin depressurization, simulator instructor usually sets up similar abnormal situations in the simulator and asks the flight crew to complete the emergency procedures. Pilots should put on the oxygen masks and make sure the passenger masks are deployed as well. They should also notify the ATC to request to deviate from the current track and descend immediately to a lower altitude normally below <st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="10000" UnitName="ft">10,000ft</st1:chmetcnv> to ensure the passengers can breathe without an oxygen mask and avoid any possible airframe damage.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
3. What new technologies have been used to improve the emergency service in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>? What has been improved in the emergency service in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>? Or what has been changed to the emergency service in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>?<o:p></o:p>
Comparing with situation many years ago, the emergency service in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> has been improved a lot by using many new technologies and new equipments. To meet the demand of aviation industry development of <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>, airports in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> have invested lots of money in the emergency service equipments such as new fire trucks and ambulances. Big international airport such as <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Beijing</st1:place></st1:City> airport, has established independent emergency response team and emergency command center to deal with emergency situation. Some airports even have dedicated communication frequencies for emergency. All these improvements make the emergency response much quicker and more efficient.       <o:p></o:p>
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4. Which airport has better emergency services (facilities) in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>?<o:p></o:p>
In my opinion, <st1:City w:st="on">Beijing</st1:City> airport has better emergency service in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Because <st1:City w:st="on">Beijing</st1:City> is the capital of <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region> and <st1:City w:st="on">Beijing</st1:City> airport has the largest traffic volume in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The government pays a great attention to safety of <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Beijing</st1:place></st1:City> airport. They are using the best facilities in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. In <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Beijing</st1:place></st1:City> airport, they also had a special public police team to deal with terrorist activity.   Only a better emergency service can safeguard (make sure) the safe operation of all the aircraft coming in and going out of the airport particularly during the 2008 Olympic Games.<o:p></o:p>
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5. How do you think emergency services in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> will be changed to make flight safer?<o:p></o:p>
Generally speaking, because the Chinese airline industry will develop very fast in the next few years, there will be more and more aircraft in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> should buy much more modern emergency equipment and introduce advanced technologies. Also, airports in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> should employ and train more qualified staff to work in the emergency services. CAAC should set up new regulations and procedures about emergency services. Pilots and passengers will feel much safer. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
6. What quality do pilot need have to deal with emergency situation?<o:p></o:p>
In order to handle the emergency situation safely, pilot need to get strictly trained on different emergency situations in the simulator. Also the pilot needs to have good judgment, good decision making and crew coordination. Pilots should keep calm and confident facing difficult situations. Pilots should have ability to communicate in English with ATC when emergency situation happens in a foreign country.  <o:p></o:p>
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7. Since you have been a pilot, what new technology has been used? What is the advantage and disadvantage for the pilot? <o:p></o:p>
Since I have been a pilot (or since I started learning flying), many new technologies has been used. For example, auto pilot, fly-by-wire systems, satellite navigation and communication systems and so on. In term of safety, these technologies have greatly improved the safety of the flight and reduce the workload of the pilots. Pilots can focus on flying and managing the aircraft. On the other hand, pilots tend to rely too much on the autopilot and computers, their flying skills decline over time. Sometimes pilots loss their situational awareness.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
发动失效类问题 <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
1. What do you need to do when landing with one engine inoperative? What is the situation in the cockpit (flight deck)? What is the responsibility of captain and first officer?<o:p></o:p>
When we encounter one engine inoperative in the flight, the most important thing for pilots to do is to safely control the aircraft. We normally use the rudder and control column to keep the aircraft stable and complete the engine-out check list. At the same time, pilots should contact ATC to declare emergency and request priority landing. Pilot should land the aircraft as soon as possible.<o:p></o:p>
When one engine inoperative happens, pilots become very busy. There are many visual and aural warnings in the cockpit.  Pilots must carry out engine-out check list and procedures. If possible, we normally try to restart the failed engine in the flight. <o:p></o:p>
For one engine inoperative landing, normally the captain is responsible for controlling the aircraft. The first officer is responsible for completing the check list and communicating with ATC.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
2. How does your airline use simulators to train pilots on emergency situations in recurrent training?<o:p></o:p>
Since we don’t normally experience abnormal situations or emergency situation in the real flight, we have to carry out recurrent training in the simulator twice every year in order to be familiarized with a number of abnormal procedures such as cabin depressurization, emergency descent , engine failure, hydraulic system failure and computer malfunction etc. The simulator can simulate all kinds of malfunctions. Pilots can learn and practice all kinds of difficult procedures in the simulator. Pilots can also practice their flying skills in the simulator. By using the simulator, the airline has greatly improved the safety level.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
3. Compare advantages and disadvantages between simulator training and real aircraft training?<o:p></o:p>
Compared with real aircraft training, the simulator training has many advantages. Firstly the cost of the simulator training is much lower. Pilots can practice the procedures as many times as they like.  Secondly, pilots have no danger in practicing abnormal situations. Thirdly the company has no risks of fatal accidents in the simulator training.<o:p></o:p>
There are some disadvantages for simulator training. For example, due to the limitation of the existing technology, the feedback and movement of the simulator may not be as realistic as the real aircraft. Some times the simulator doesn’t fly like a real aircraft. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
4. How stress level has changed on pilots over the time?<o:p></o:p>
Over the last 20 years, with the development of the Chinese airline industry and new technology used in the aircraft, the stress level has also changed a lot.  20 years ago, the traditional jet aircraft didn’t have so many automation and computers. Pilots had to pay more attention to the controlling of the aircraft, the workload in the cockpit was very high. Pilots always felt stressful during the flight. At present, the computers and autopilot can help pilots do many things in the cockpit so the workload in the cockpit has been greatly reduced. However, with rapid increase of flights, pilots now have much longer time spent in the aircraft and less time at home for rest. They fell stressful too due to shortage of rest time.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
5. What is the most stressful part of the pilots? What is the least stressful part of the pilots?<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
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其他问题<o:p></o:p>
1. What can cause pilot to lose his ability to fly the aircraft? What is the most serious situation?<o:p></o:p>
The most common situation that can cause pilot to lose his ability to fly the aircraft is illness. Pilot may feel bad, and even become unconscious because of illness. <o:p></o:p>
The most serious situation is that if the incapacitation happens to the pilot in command or pilot flying and no one is clearly aware of the circumstances. That could be a disaster; they may lose control the aircraft.<o:p></o:p>
 <o:p></o:p>
2. What suggestions would you like to give to the aircraft manufacturer to improve the design of the aircraft to handle the emergency situations?<o:p></o:p>
In what situation do you need to make a low pass?<o:p></o:p>
     I would like to give the aircraft manufacturer a suggestion that is to design a device that could be used to hold the fuel to be dumped when a turn back is necessary immediately after takeoff and retracted when there is no such demand. So the fuel could be saved to minimize the loss of the company.<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <o:p></o:p>
An aircraft needs to make a low pass when there is a failure happened to landing gear system, in order to let the control tower to confirm if the gears are down or not.<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p>
 <o:p></o:p>
3. Do you know any situation in which you have to land the aircraft with landing gear retracted?<o:p></o:p>
One situation that could make a pilot to land the aircraft with landing gear retracted is ditching. Another situation is that landing gear can’t be extended due to system failure.<o:p></o:p>
 <o:p></o:p>
4. How do the severe weather conditions (lightning) affect your flight? Or make you divert?<o:p></o:p>
Severe weather conditions such as lightning, low visibility, thunderstorm, tornado, typhoon with strong wind and very slippery runway, zero breaking action etc. will greatly affect the safety of flight. Extreme weather conditions may exceed the ability of pilot and aircraft. So, delayed or cancelled flight as we sometimes encounter is not a surprise. When an aircraft is on the way to a destination, and the weather in that destination is too poor to land, so the aircraft can’t proceed to its destination. The pilot may decide to make a diversion to another airport planned before hand. <o:p></o:p>
 <o:p></o:p>
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages to have security personnel (Air marshal) on board?<o:p></o:p>
The advantages to have professional security personnel on board is that passengers and aircraft safety can be better insured when a hijack happened on board of the aircraft because they are specially trained and skilled on dealing with the situation. The disadvantage to have them on board is that they occupy extra seats, and therefore increases the basic cost of the company.<o:p></o:p>
    <o:p></o:p>
6. Do you think autopilot (computer or new technology) can replace pilots in the future? Do you think autopilot can handle emergency situation?<o:p></o:p>
It is possible if the autopilot (computer or new technology) is developed and improved to such a high level that it can handle any emergency situation on board. The autopilot can in some way replace human maneuver in the future. But you need time to convince passengers that unmanned aircraft is 100 percent save. <o:p></o:p>
Yes, autopilot can possibly handle emergency situation with the development of new technology. For example, now in some aircraft such Boeing 777, when one engine of the airplane fails, the computer will automatically change the rudder to keep the airplane balanced.  For some Airbus aircraft, if one engine failed below decision height during landing, the autopilot still can make a safe and smooth landing.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
比较类问题<o:p></o:p>
1. How do you compare the safety standard between small airlines and big large airlines?<o:p></o:p>
I think the safety standard for all airlines is the same. In china we all follow CAAC regulations. What makes the difference is how we do it. For example, the safety standard is highly valued in some big large airlines, while some small airlines take much consideration about benefits. Anyway, Aviation worldwide is getting safer as we get newer aircraft and air traffic control systems. Additionally, we learn from experience, so the trend is towards better safety all the time.<o:p></o:p>
  <o:p></o:p>
2. What has your company done to reduce the unsafe events/improve the flight safety?<o:p></o:p>
Air <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> is well-known for its flight safety. Of course, we have a set of airline policy to carry out the safety management. Also we do a lot to reduce the unsafe events, for example, we make use of QAR data to help pilots improve their skills. We have non-punitive reporting system to encourage pilots to share their experience. Pilots are always advised to avoid situations that are beyond their capabilities. In conclusion, we should try our best to improve the flight safety of Air <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p>
3. What are the differences between different airports in respect of aviation safety?<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt"><o:p></o:p>
With the rapid development of aviation industry, many airports are becoming busier and their skies are becoming dangerously crowded, and serious safety concerns will grow in the future. Some big airports are well facilitated with snow-cleaning and deicing vehicles, and bird strike avoidance systems, radar vector systems, etc, which greatly enhance the flight safety. All airports have some sort of defined safety mission; they have different strategy on how to fulfill the mission. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
4. What are the differences between small airlines and big airlines in fight safety?<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">In general, flight safety levels are gradually increasing. Small airlines usually offer the cheapest airfare rates but it doesn’t mean that they don’t have the same comfort and safety as the big airlines. The difference is that some <SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: windowtext; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN">airlines do not have a clear safety strategy, with quantified goals and supporting programs, executed by well-trained personnel to achieve them.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
5. Do you like to fly two-engine aircraft or 4 engine aircraft? Why? <o:p></o:p>
From a safety point of view, I wouldn't know which to choose - not even which safety parameters to consider. It seems that both of them are designed safely, although accidents happen sometimes- probably because of adverse weather or mechanical fault or human factor. From a comfort point of view, I suppose two-engine aircraft will produce less noise and be more comfortable for the passengers. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
6. Do you like to fly small aircraft or big aircraft? Why?<o:p></o:p>
I would prefer big aircraft. First, it can fly greater distances than small aircraft. Second, it is still as safe and fast as small ones. Third, it can carry more cargo and be more comfortable for the passengers. Many new technologies have been used on both small and big aircraft, so we have no doubt about their reliability.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
7. Do you like to fly to small airports or big airports？ Why?<o:p></o:p>
I would prefer small airports. There are less departures and arrivals at small airports than big ones. I don’t have to wait for a long time for the ATC clearance. The flights will never be delayed for ATC reasons, which often occur at big airports. However, bigger airports can provide much better ground service and more accurate flight guidance. Learning as much as you can about your destination airport before you depart will make you feel confident about your task.<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
8. What can airports and airlines do to improve/ strengthen the airport security?<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Nowadays security becomes the growing concerns for air travelers.  The concerns give a negative impact not only on the people’s free traveling, but also on the air industry.  I think there are a lot of things that can be done by the airports and airlines to improve the airport security, for example: Airport passenger screening must be placed; furthermore, airport passenger screening and other security procedures must be strengthened to ensure that they provide adequate protection for air travelers.<o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; tab-stops: 318.15pt">Relevant law should be enforced by the joint effort of airports and airlines, and information must be shared on a continuing basis with those responsible for aviation security. New technologies must be deployed more widely to enhance the airport security. <o:p></o:p>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; tab-stops: 318.15pt"><o:p> </o:p>
9. Do you like to fly domestic routes or international routes, why？<o:p></o:p>
Personally speaking, I prefer to fly international routes.  Usually the wide-body aircraft will fly the long-range routes, for example, most of the international routes are being flown by B747 or A340, etc.  I think to fly big aircraft is the dream of every pilot.  But to fly domestic lines also has its advantages, for example the time is more flexible and can return to base in one day. <o:p></o:p>
10. The airline/ aviation industry in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> is developing rapidly. What do you think this situation will affect the safety of the flight? <o:p></o:p>
With the rapid development of <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>’s economy, the aviation industry has shift in high gear in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>.  More airplanes are introduced, more airports are being built, more lines are open<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">，etc.  Of course, more pressure on flight safety.<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt">The fast pace needs control by scientific measures, otherwise any disaster could severely hamper the industry's healthy development.  With insufficient qualified personnel, airports and airspace, the growth maybe too much for the industry to handle and may produce high risks in flight safety.<o:p></o:p>
11. How does modern technology change your way of flying the aircraft?<o:p></o:p>
Modern technologies make me enjoy the flight in many aspects.  MCDU provides vivid picture of many combined information, such as waypoints, NAV-aids, the speed trend, altitude, position, and attitude and so on.  It is very user-friendly.  The auto-pilot system allows me enjoy more coffee time.  It almost transfers the pilot job from flying the aircraft into monitoring the aircraft.  The fly-by-wire concept is also very good, because it makes me less sweating during one engine out. There are countless changes thank to the new techs.  I remember that there was a joke in Boeing, that with the modern tech, the future aircraft would be so easy to fly that a dog could do it.  Of course I hope that will never happen, otherwise I would lose my job.<o:p></o:p>
With the time passing by, more state of the art technologies are being introduced into new airplanes.  These techs help the pilots to reduce more workload and fly easier and safer.  For example, MCDU provide vivid picture of many combined information, such as waypoints, nav-aids, the speed trend, altitude, position, attitude and so on.  It is very user-friendly.  The auto-pilot system allows me enjoy more coffee time during the cruise phase.  It almost transfers the pilot job from flying the aircraft into monitoring the aircraft.  The fly-by-wire concept is also very good, because it makes me less sweating during one engine out.  More onboard equipments, such as EGPWS, TCAS, give the pilot proper warnings in time and help to increase the safety margin of the flight.  <o:p></o:p>
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