帅哥 发表于 2009-1-2 16:50:21

26个字母起源

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">罗马字的产生</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">从公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年左右开始,古埃及的人们就在使用文字(象形文字)表示神,人,动植物,自然界的形态(山,河等),来表示装饰品,武器,农具,日用品等的形状了。该象形文字不仅仅给现在的字母表,还给阿拉伯文字,印度语族的文字带来了影响。埃及人在用被称作纸草(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">papyrus</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)的植物所制成的纤维上书写文字。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Paper</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(纸)这个词便是源于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">papyrus.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">800</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年间,海上贸易十分繁荣的腓尼基人,以埃及象形文字为基础,创造了腓尼基语的字母表。公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年左右,古希腊人又以腓尼基语的字母表创造了从左至右书写的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母的字母表。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alphabet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的词源即为希腊语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">alpha(a)beta(B).<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">罗马字字母表的确立得力于公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">800—500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年间十分活跃的伊特拉斯坎人。字母表的读法便是由他们的读法而来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">古罗马人用于拉丁语书写的字母表,是现在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A—Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母中除去</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">后的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是罗马人为了与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">区别,表记</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音而发明的字母。进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">中独立出来,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪,为表现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音而采用了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W,15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">中分离出来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">关于英文字母起源世界上存在着许多讲法,但比较常见的讲法(根据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Funk</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Word origins</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">》一书)是起源于希伯来语。应该讲这个讲法是有一定依据的。因为《圣经》是西方文明的根源,而《圣经》所记录的正是犹太人(希伯来语)的历史。而现在英语的二个重要语源希腊及拉丁语的祖先也是“希伯来语”。希伯来语本身就是象形文字。因此,现代英语中大量词汇隐现出象形文字的特征。如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">表“牛头”,暗示“尖,锋利”,如此引伸出“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ace</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”尖,“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">aciform</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”类形,“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">acid</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”酸等各种表示“尖”的词汇。但随着历史的不断发展,文明</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的不断提升,文字也融入大量文化的内涵。因此,许多现代英语词汇已无法单纯从象形文字上推得,如“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">apogee</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”这地点,这个词,就由二部分组成“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">apo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”表示“远离”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">+</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gee</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”表示“土地”,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">apo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">来自于“阿波罗太阳神</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">apollo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”,表示“远征,远离”。(有关词汇起源请大家听讲座),以下将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母起源简析,及举例:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A a<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">如同汉字起源于象形,英语字母表中的每个字母一开始都是描摹某种动物或物体形状的图画,而这些图画最后演变为符号。但这些符号和原先被描摹之实物的形状几无相似之处。谁也不能肯定这些象形字母原先究竟代表什么。我们的解释只能是学者们基于史料作出的有根据的猜测。一般认为希腊字母乃西方所有字母,包括拉丁字母的始祖。其实希腊人的字母又是从腓尼基人那儿借过来的。约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年前,在腓尼基字母表中字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">读如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">aleph,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">写起来形似字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,中间再加一横,代表牛头或牛角。以后希腊人将它倒过来写。对于古代腓尼基人来说,牛意味着财富,吃,穿,耕作都少不了它。这也许就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">被列为第一个字母的缘故吧。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B b<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一样,字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">也可以追溯到古代腓尼基。在腓尼基字母表中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">beth,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">代表房屋,在希伯来语中B也叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">beth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,也含房屋之意。字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">原来形似原始社会的两室房屋,小写字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">b</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是后来从大写字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">衍变出来的。在今</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">约旦河西岸有一犹太教,基督教圣地叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bethlehem</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。该词中至今还包含着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">beth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">这一成分。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在字母表中之所以排在第二位也许是因为对人类的生存来说住的重要性仅次于衣食。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C c<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在腓尼基人的文字中叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gimel</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,代表骆驼。它在字母表中的排列顺序和希腊字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I(gamma)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">相同,实际上其字形是从后者演变而来的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在罗马数字中表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">D d<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在古时是描摹拱门或门的形状而成的象形符号,在古代腓尼基语和希伯来语中叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">daleth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,是“门”的意思,相当于希腊字母</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Δ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">delta</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E e<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是英语里用得最多的字母。在腓尼基语和希伯来语中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是代表窗的象形符号,叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">he</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,相当于希腊字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E(epsilon)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F f<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(英语字母表中的第六个字母)源自腓尼基语的第六个象形字母,该字母形似今日之英语字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,代表木栓或木钉(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">peg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">),在腓尼基语和希伯来语的名称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">waw</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。中世纪重罪犯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(felon)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的左颊常被打上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的印记,以示惩戒。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

帅哥 发表于 2009-1-2 16:50:36

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G g<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在古代腓尼基语及希伯来语的字母表里,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是描摹骆驼的头和颈之轮廓的象形字母,其名称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gimel</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。以后希腊人借用了该符号,作</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Γ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gamma</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。其实字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">与字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">系源于同一腓尼基字母。原拉丁字母表里本无字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,含</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">g</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音和含</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">k</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音的词都以字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">为表示。公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以后,古罗马人根据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">创造了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,自此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">k</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">则表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">g</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">音。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">H h<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">像其它字母一样,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">H</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">也可通过拉丁语和希腊语的字母表,一直追溯到腓尼基语字母表。在腓尼基语中和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">H</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">相应的字母有两条横杠,它代表篱笆或栅栏,字母名称叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">heth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">cheth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I i<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">第九个字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">源自腓尼基语中叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">yod / yodh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的象形字母,该字母被认为代表人的手指。最初小写字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">并不带点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">上面的点是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以后抄写员为区分字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">连写(如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">filii</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)与字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">u</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">才开始加上去的。此外,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">i</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">j</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的书写或印刷形式是可互换的,词典也不将它们作为两个不同的字母来对等。如在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">所编的《英语词典》中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">iambic</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">排在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">jamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">jangle</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">这两个词的中间。英语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">相当于希腊语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I(iota)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J j<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是莎士比亚时代后(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">post-Shakespearean times</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">),约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1630</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年产生的,和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">并称英语字母表中两个最轻的字母。英国国王詹姆斯一世于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1611</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年颁行的《圣经》钦定英译本中就没有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">j</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">这一字母。正如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">G</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">构成的,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">衍生而来,即在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">上加一尾巴构成。然而,直至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的书写形式或印刷形式一直可以互换,并未完全分家。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K k<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">之根源也可追溯到古代腓尼基语。在腓尼基语字母表里,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">乃象形符号,代表人的手。希伯来语把它叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">kaph</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,即“手(掌)”之意。希腊人借用后作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">kappa</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。古罗马时期,犯诽谤罪者的前额被打上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">之印记,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">kalumnia</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,即相当于英语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">calumny(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">诽谤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L l<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在腓尼基和希伯来字母表中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">lamed / lamedh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,是表示刺棒(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">oxgoad</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)或鞭子的象形符号。希腊语中的相应字母是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">A(lambda)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M m<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">如同别的字母,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">也可一直追溯到古腓尼基语。腓尼基人勇于探险,以海上贸易著称,航行曾远至西班牙海岸。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在腓尼基字母表里是表示海浪形状的象开符号。希伯来语把它叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mem</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,即为“水”之意。希腊语的相应字母为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mu</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。在中世纪凡犯人罪(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">manslaugter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)者左姆指上往往被烙以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">之印记。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在罗马数字中表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(拉丁语作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mille</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N n<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在埃及象形字里呈波浪形,在腓尼基语中叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">nun</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“鱼”而希腊语的相应字母则为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">nu</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">O o<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">许多语言都有形似</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">O</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的字母,而且都代表人的眼睛。在一些古老的字母表里有的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">O</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">当中还加了个点,表示瞳孔。在腓尼基语中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">O</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">cayin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“眼睛”,在古英语里</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">O</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">oedel</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“家”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P p<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,英语字母表的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母,古代腓尼基人和希伯来人称之为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">pe</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“嘴”。希腊语的相应字母为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">II(pi)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪有一位名叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Placentius</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的多明我会修道士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(Dominican friar)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">写了一首题为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pugna Porcorum</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">253</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个六音步诗行组成的诗,诗中每个词</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的首字母均为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">p</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。这恐怕是亘古及今绝无仅有的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Q q<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Q</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,英语字母表的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母,系由腓尼基语和希伯来语的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个象形字母演变而来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Q</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的形状有点像垂着尾巴的猴子。无怪乎腓尼基语把该字母叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">qoph</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意思就是“猴子”。在英语中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Q</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">后面几乎总跟着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,它绝少出现在词尾,除非是外来语。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R r<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,英语字母表的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母,系由腓尼基语和希伯来语的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个象形字母演变而来。腓尼基人称之为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">resh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“头”。从古罗马时代起,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一直被称作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">dog’s letter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">snarling letter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的发意颇似狗的嗥叫声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">r-r-r-r</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">gr-r-r-r</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。英国剧作家,诗人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Ben Johnson</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1572—1637</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1636</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年在其所著《外国人用英文文法》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(English Grammar Made for the Benefit of All Strangers) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一书中这样写道:“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R is the dog’s letter, and hurreth in the sound; the tongue striking the inner palate, with a trembling about the teeth.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">”在莎翁的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》一剧中,朱丽叶的保姆和罗密欧谈及他的姓时说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Romeo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">rosemary</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(迷迭香),一种常与婚礼相联系的花,两者都以字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">开头,并称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">dog-name</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

帅哥 发表于 2009-1-2 16:50:52

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">S s<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在腓尼基语和希伯来语中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">shin / sin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“牙齿”,字母形状颇像今天的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,而现在的字形则是在它进入拉丁语之后逐渐演变成的。希腊语的相应字母为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">ε</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">sigma</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T t<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">今</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">日的字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">系由腓尼基语的象形寂母变化而来。早先的字形恰</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">似如今的字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">taw</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“记号”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mark</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">)。基于此符号形成的希腊语相应字母为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T(tau)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U u<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">系由字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">派生而来。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以前的数百年间,这两个字母就如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,一直可以换用,在英语辞书上一直不加以区分。例如在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪出版的图书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">upon</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">常拼作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">vpon</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">have</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">常拼作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">haue</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。甚至到了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1847</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年,伦敦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Henry Washbourne</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">公司出版的《英语词典》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(A Dictionary of the English Language)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">仍在沿用这一做法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V v<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">乃英语字母表中两个最年轻的字母之一(加一个为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">J</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">),它于莎士比亚时代以后,约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1630</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年出现。但</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">同时又是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">等三个字母的祖先,甚至连</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">也可以说是从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">派生出来的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">源于约公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年腓尼基字母表中的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个象形字母,该字母酷似今</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">日之英语字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,叫做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">waw</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,意为“木栓”或“木钉”。公元前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">900</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年以后,希腊人借用了该字母,并由此衍生出两个字母,一个后来演变为英语字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,另一个则演变为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">这两个字母原来是不分的,可以互换的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在罗马数字里表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W w<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一样,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">亦由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">派生而来,其实</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">系双</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">连写而成,本应读作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">double V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">之所以读作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">double U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是因为在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">世纪以前的几个世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一直不分,可以互换。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">既是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">又是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的符号,即使发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">U</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">也常写成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">upon</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">往往拼作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">vpon</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。法语的字母就读如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">double V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Xx<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm -25.7pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; tab-stops: 432.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">英语字母表的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母,相当于希腊字母表的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X(chi)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。其实前者系借自后者,而后者则源自腓尼基语中一个代表“鱼”,读如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">samekh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的象形字母。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在罗马数字中代表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,在代数学和数学中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">通常被用以表示未知数。当代数学从阿拉伯传入欧洲时,阿拉伯语中表示“未知数”的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> shei</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一词被译为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> xei</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,于是首字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">就成了未知数的常用代号。关于字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的由来,还有这样一种说法:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">原为表示接吻之象形符号,若写如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> x</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,看起来确有点象两张嘴在亲吻。这种解释可能出自民俗语源。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Yy<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm -25.7pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; tab-stops: 432.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">可以说是从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">派生而来,但若究起根源</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">可以追述到希腊语中被称为毕达哥拉斯字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(the letter of Pythagoras)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Υ</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(upsilon)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。在代数中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Y</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">常被用以表示第二个未知数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Zz<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm -25.7pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt; tab-stops: 432.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">在英国英语中读如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Zed</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,在美国英语中则读如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">zee</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">,但在古英语中则读作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">izzard</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">源自希腊语的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">个字母</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">zeta</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">),而希腊语的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">又是借自腓尼基语。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Z</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的基本意思表示宇宙之主——宙斯。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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查看完整版本: 26个字母起源