帅哥 发表于 2009-3-7 11:15:05

【转帖】莫斯科航线特点

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">我公司执行的莫斯科航线一周四班,冬季时维持两班,旺季或者寒暑假春节期间会相应增加班次。莫斯科周边有多个机场,主要供国际国内的有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">UUEE</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">、多莫捷多沃<SPAN lang=EN-US>UUDD</SPAN>,伏努科沃<SPAN lang=EN-US>UUWW</SPAN>等机场。我公司的执飞机场是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">国际机场,距离乌鲁木齐空中航线距离是<SPAN lang=EN-US>2086</SPAN>海里。机场有两条平行跑道<SPAN lang=EN-US>07L/25R</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>60/3550),07R/25L(60/3702),</SPAN>标高<SPAN lang=EN-US>630</SPAN>英尺。多莫捷多沃,伏努科沃机场位于他的南面。<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">签派放行:<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>通常<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOC</SPAN>计划是将喀山<SPAN lang=EN-US>UWKD</SPAN>或者乌法<SPAN lang=EN-US>UWUU</SPAN>作为第一备降场,这两个机场距离莫斯科都在一个半小时的航程以上,在这一个半小时的航程圈以内还有其他多个备降场可供选择。机组在直接准备时应检查目的地和备降场天气,并且<SPAN lang=EN-US>UWKD</SPAN>刚好在去程航路上,所以在飞越时可监听<SPAN lang=EN-US>ATIS</SPAN>,以做到万一备降心中有数。常用备降场还包括莫斯科区域内的<SPAN lang=EN-US>UUDD</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>UUWW</SPAN>。优点是离得很近,机场条件都不错。缺点是如果<SPAN lang=EN-US>UUEE</SPAN>受大的天气系统影响,这两个备降场的天气应该也不会很理想。此外<SPAN lang=EN-US>ULLI</SPAN>机场条件也不错,距离也较近。但该机场经常在通告中要求“不接受非计划的或未许可的备降”,所以在情况紧急或燃油较紧张时,可考虑作为备降场。很多时候莫斯科管制也会给出建议,可以参考一下。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">容易被大家忽视的是航线备降场的天气,因为绝大多数飞行区域都在北半球中部,远离海洋且无较高山脉,且再高压脊,所以航路天气较为稳定,而且飞行区域航空器较少,往往能爬升到较理想的巡航高度,避开有影响的天气,并能长时间保持,这时往往使我们忽略了现在航线备降场的选择,我们必须保证随时在一小时飞行圈里有合适的备降场可用。从直接准备阶段就要检查不光是目的地的备降场,还要了解航线备降场的天气,航路飞行区域机场天气类似我国东北地区,夏季影响飞行的天气较少,但是冬季恶劣天气较多,主要是冰雪,可随时向管制部门询问备降场天气,做到预先准备,也可用高频<SPAN lang=EN-US>11342</SPAN>与乌鲁木齐签派联系寻求协助。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT color=#000000>进离场:<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>由于机场南侧跑道维修,所以一直使用北侧跑道进离港,即跑道<SPAN lang=EN-US>25R</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>07L</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US> 25R</SPAN>常用进场方式为:<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP25B</SPAN>,进场过渡点为<SPAN lang=EN-US>MF</SPAN>;<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>为东远台<SPAN lang=EN-US>AD</SPAN>,远台高度为标准气压<SPAN lang=EN-US>1500</SPAN>米。通常习惯都会让机组保持高于标压<SPAN lang=EN-US>1500</SPAN>的高度过<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>。有时甚至高出很多,通场后转三边然后指挥下五边高度,造成机组下降困难,可提前做好准备。<SPAN lang=EN-US>25R</SPAN>其他进场方式还包括:<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP25C</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>VINLI25A</SPAN>,但均很少使用。<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP25C</SPAN>当需要在<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>做等待时使用;而<SPAN lang=EN-US>VINLI25A</SPAN>通常是在进场时间段其它飞机较少,并且<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>前的下降指令明显允许机组较快下降,且较早下到<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>高度时,有可能使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>VINLI25A</SPAN>进场方式直接进近截获盲降。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>07L</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">带用进场方式为:<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP07B</SPAN>,进场过渡点位<SPAN lang=EN-US>MF</SPAN>;<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>为西远台<SPAN lang=EN-US>MR</SPAN>,远台高度为标压<SPAN lang=EN-US>1500</SPAN>米。也是通常指挥习惯会让机组保持较高的高度过<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>07L</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">其他进场方式还包括:<SPAN lang=EN-US>BP25C,</SPAN>通常是需要在<SPAN lang=EN-US>IAF</SPAN>做等待时使用。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">通常情况下管制会引导你在跑道北侧消失高度,因为莫斯科使用场压落地,所以不要使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>VNAV</SPAN>飞行,可以作为参考,用其他的飞行方式完成下降,因为到达莫斯科的时间是当地时间大约九点,也是进港高峰期,经常会遇到推迟落地的情况,这时管制也常会引导你机动消磨时间,而不会叫你到那一个点去加入等待,机动的范围有可能很大,注意检查不要进入禁区,可及时提醒管制。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">一直以来机场施工比较频繁,所以要检查好各种通告和到场收听<SPAN lang=EN-US>ATIS</SPAN>信息。以确定可用的滑行道。落地滑行时注意施工区域标志并保持足够距离。机场有一号二号两个候机楼,我们的飞机一直停在二号候机楼,有引导车引导,到位引导有正面和侧面两个指示器,每个指示器有两个彩色光带,有红色和绿色两种颜色,当两个指示器所有光带都显示绿色时既表示到位。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">离场通常机组在进跑道前,才能从<SPAN lang=EN-US>ATC</SPAN>获知离港指令。而且即使提前询问也时常得不到答复,所以在输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>CDU</SPAN>的准备期间,可先输入相对较复杂的离场,输入<SPAN lang=EN-US>25R:BP25E;07L:BP07E</SPAN>。这样做的好处在于,当起飞前获得准确立场许可后,如和计划一致,则<SPAN lang=EN-US>CDU</SPAN>地图方式提供准确详细的离港信息,如航迹、高度、<SPAN lang=EN-US>DME</SPAN>等,即使<SPAN lang=EN-US>ATC</SPAN>许可离场与<SPAN lang=EN-US>CDU</SPAN>输入不一致,如<SPAN lang=EN-US>25R:BP25D;07L:BP07D</SPAN>。如果因为天气或其他原因没有时间更改<SPAN lang=EN-US>CDU</SPAN>,起飞后用<SPAN lang=EN-US>HDGSEL</SPAN>也很容易准确地保持离场航迹。因为离场过渡高度非常低,所以应该在做起飞简令时强调调制高度表的时机,且如果发生低高度该平应主动询问高度表设置,防止漏调。起飞的起始高度是场高<SPAN lang=EN-US>900</SPAN>米,通过<SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>米后及时联系</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">雷达,收听离场程序,注意不得穿越<SPAN lang=EN-US>MR,R-310.</SPAN>如果不存在安全问题,严禁在<SPAN lang=EN-US>MR3.2</SPAN>海里以前偏航到<SPAN lang=EN-US>MR,R-340</SPAN>以西。如果是<SPAN lang=EN-US>25R</SPAN>起飞,起飞后注意控制速度以及转弯半径防止超出限制范围,<SPAN lang=EN-US>757</SPAN>飞机可以保持襟翼<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>直到完成转弯。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">国际机场作为莫斯科最大的国际机场,管制比较规范,用语也很标准,指令也较为简介。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">其他程序要求:<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>减噪音程序在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">机场是强制要求的,进近阶段跑道<SPAN lang=EN-US>25L/R</SPAN>噪音影响较大,离场阶段则跑道<SPAN lang=EN-US>07L/R</SPAN>影响较大,应尽可能的减少噪音。除非有影响飞行安全的情况发生可以不考虑。包括飞机原因和气象原因,飞机原因则包括单发或者系统失效等。天气原因如云低高低于<SPAN lang=EN-US>150</SPAN>米或者水平能见度低于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1800</SPAN>米,侧风大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>节,顺风大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>节,跑道摩擦系数低于<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.4</SPAN>时,预报有风切变,或者其他有影响飞行安全的天气时,可不去遵守减噪音限制。或者其他机组认为影响飞行安全的原因可不去遵守减噪音的程序。具体实施时可在进场过程中尽量准确的计算下降抛面,防止<SPAN lang=EN-US>900</SPAN>米以下高推力飞行较长时间,离场时尽量争取较大的上升率通过<SPAN lang=EN-US>900</SPAN>米。<SPAN lang=EN-US>757</SPAN>起飞如条件许可尽可能的选择较小的推力。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">无论是进场还是离场</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谢列梅杰沃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">机场都有特定的通讯失效程序,一旦发生通讯失效,可参照失效程序到<SPAN lang=EN-US>SW</SPAN>加入等待做相应的检查。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 16.25pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 357.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 1.55gd"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 楷体_GB2312">特别提示:<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>需要除冰时,提前告知地面机务人员,有时会询问你除冰液的配比,如果是一般结冰天气,可告知他百分之五十,如果是较严重的结冰天气可适当提高浓度甚至百分之百。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>

qxp2003818 发表于 2009-3-9 22:49:31

学习之,不会就一定要学习,这样才能武装自己。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 【转帖】莫斯科航线特点