常用工程词汇

帅哥发表于 2009-11-12 22:25:51

一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 2.foundation engineering基础工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力学         cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土动力学 6.stress path应力路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学 二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater   地下水    groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 5.landslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 1.cc  compression index 2.cu  undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0   ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane  cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0  natural void ratio 6.Ip  plasticity index 7.K0  coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2 8.K0’  domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’ 9.K0n  K0  for normally consolidated state 10.K0u  K0  coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading  or an undrained condition 11.K0d  K0  coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh  ,kv  permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N   blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR  over-consolidation ratio 15.pc   preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0   effective overburden pressure 17.p s  specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu  unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um  degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um  pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp   natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.σ1,σ2   principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度 27.saturated unit weight饱和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度 30.compactness密实度 31.maximum dry density最大干密度 32.optimum water content最优含水量 33.three phase diagram三相图 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒组 36.sieve analysis筛分 37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会 44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcy’s law  达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性 10.seepage force渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效应力 4.total stress总应力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验 9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩 11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 46.compression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1  excavation开挖（挖方） 2  dewatering（基坑）降水 3  failure of foundation基坑失稳 4  bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 5  bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6  retaining wall挡土墙 7  pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8  dewatering method降低地下水位法 9  well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板 七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础 1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩        steel sheet pile钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙　截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩 20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η） 22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距 30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机 八. 地基处理--ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 2.cushion垫层法 3.preloading预压法 4.dynamic compaction强夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法 6.vibroflotation method振冲法 7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩 9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column水泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩 13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile灰土挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization化学加固法 17.surface compaction表层压实法 18.surcharge preloading超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading真空预压法 20.sand wick袋装砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物 22.composite foundation复合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法 25.freezing and heating冷热处理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理 27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理 28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation人工地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥垫 32.soft clay ground软土地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile树根桩 35.plastic drain塑料排水带 36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九. 固结consolidation 1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论 2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论 3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比 5.overconsolidation soil超固结土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结 9.primary consolidation主固结 10.secondary consolidation次固结 11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结 十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度 2.residual strength残余强度 3.long-term strength长期强度 4.peak strength峰值强度 5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率 6.dilatation剪胀 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线 16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数 十一. 本构模型--constitutive model 1.elastic model弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型 3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型 5.boundary surface model边界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8.cap model盖帽模型 9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型 十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载 6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性 7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力 十三. 土压力--earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主动土压力 2.passive earth pressure被动土压力 3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力 4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论 5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论 十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method毕肖普法 3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 6.slices method条分法 十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性 2.foundation wall基础墙 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙 7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙 十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩 十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 5.compensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础 9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 10.net foundation pressure基底附加应力 11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils动强度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping几何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期 8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素 10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度 11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率 12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价 13.stress wave in soils土中应力波 14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降） 十九. 动力机器基础 1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法 2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法 3.vibration isolation隔振 4.foundation vibration基础振动 5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论 6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅 7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度 二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验 4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验 5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU) 6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU) 7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD) 8.compaction test击实试验 9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验 10.quick direct shear test快剪试验 11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验 12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验 15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验 18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验 二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT)  静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 6.lateral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test  跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验

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常用工程词汇