航空飞行专业 符号和缩略语
α ( alpha ) Angle of attack 攻角 <BR>γ ( gamma) Climb or descent angle 爬升/下降角<BR>δ ( delta ) Pressure ratio = P/P0 压力比<BR>Δ ( DELTA ) Parameter’s variation (ex: ΔISA, ΔP) 参数变量<BR>Φ( phi ) Bank angle 倾斜角<BR>μ ( mu ) Runway friction coefficient 跑道摩擦系数<BR>θ ( theta ) Aircraft attitude 飞机姿态<BR>ρ(rho) Air density 空气密度<BR>ρ(rho zero) Air density at Mean Sea Level 平均海平面空气密度<BR>σ ( sigma) Air density ratio =ρ/ρ0 空气密度比 <BR>a Sound velocity 音速<BR> Speed of sound 加速度<BR> slope of the lift cruve (CL vs α), per degree 升力线斜率<BR>A cross-sectional 横断面积<BR>AW area of wing 机翼面积<BR>a.c. aerodynamic center 气动中心<BR>AC Advisory Circular (FAA) 咨询通告<BR>ACJ Advisory Circular Joint (JAA) 联合咨询通告<BR>ADIRS Air Data/Inertial Reference System 大气数据/惯性参考系统<BR>AFM Aircraft Flight Manual 飞机飞行手册<BR>ALD Actual Landing Distance 实际着陆距离<BR>AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance (JAA) 可以接受的贯彻方法<BR>AMJ Advisory Material Joint (JAA) 联合咨询材料<BR>AOM Airline Operation Manual 航空公司的运行手册<BR>APM Aircraft Performance Monitoring (program) 飞机性能监控(计划)<BR>AR Aspect ratio 展弦比<BR>ASD Accelerate-Stop Distance 加速停止距离<BR>ASDA Accelerate-Stop Distance Available 可用加速停止距离<BR>ATC Air Traffic Control 空中交通管制<BR>B<BR>b wing span 翼展 <BR>C chord of wing 翼弦<BR> mean aerodynamic chord 平均气动弦<BR>CD Drag coefficient 阻力系数 <BR>CL Lift coefficient 升力系数<BR>CDi induced drag coefficient 诱导阻力系数<BR>CDp parasite drag coefficient 废阻力系数<BR>C.P. center of pressure 压力中心<BR>CAS Calibrated Air Speed 校正空速<BR>CDL Configuration Deviation List 构型偏差单<BR>CG Center of gravity 重心<BR>CI Cost Index 成本指数<BR>CL Climb throttle position 爬升油门位置<BR>CWY Clearway 净空道<BR><BR>D<BR>d diameter 直径,length of distance 距离长度<BR>DA Drift Angle 下滑角<BR>DGAC Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civil 法国民航总局<BR>DOC Direct Operating Cost 直接运营成本<BR>DOW Dry operating weight 干使用重量<BR>E<BR>ECON Economic (minimum cost) speed 经济(最小成本)速度<BR>EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature 排气温度 <BR>EOSID Engine Out Standard Instrument Departure 发动机失效的标准仪表离场<BR>EPR Engine Pressure Ratio 发动机压力比<BR>ETOPS Extended range with Twin engine aircraft Operations 双发延程飞行<BR><BR>F<BR>f( ) Function of ( ) ( )的函数<BR>FAA Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空管理局 <BR>FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空条例<BR>FBW Fly-By-Wire (aircraft) 电传操纵(飞机) <BR>FCOM Flight Crew Operating Manual 飞行机组操作手册<BR>FF Fuel Flow (hourly consumption) 燃油流量(小时油耗<BR>FL Flight Level 飞行高度层<BR>FLIP Flight Planning (program) 飞行计划(程序)<BR>FMGS Flight Management and Guidance System 飞行管理和引导系统<BR><BR>G<BR>g Gravitational acceleration 重力加速度<BR>GAL US gallon 美加仑<BR>GD Green Dot speed 绿点速度<BR>GS Ground Speed 地速<BR><BR>H<BR>HPa hecto Pascal 百帕<BR>H altitude 高度<BR>Hp pressure altitude 气压高度<BR>Hpi indicated pressure altitude 指示气压高度<BR><BR>I<BR>IA Indicated Altitude 指示高度<BR>IAS Indicated Air Speed 指示空速<BR>ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织<BR>IEM Interpretative / Explanatory material (JAA) 注释/解释材料(JAA)<BR>IFP In Flight Performance (program) 飞行中性能(程序)<BR>IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则<BR>IL Information Leaflet (JAA) 信息单(JAA)<BR>IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 仪表气象状态<BR>in Hg Inches of mercury 英寸汞柱<BR>ISA International Standard Atmosphere 国际标准大气<BR><BR>J<BR>JAA Joint Aviation Authority 联合航空当局<BR>JAR Joint Airworthiness Requirements 联合适航要求<BR><BR>K<BR>Ki Instrumental correction (Antenna error) 仪表修正(天线误差) <BR><BR>L<BR>L lift<BR>LDA Landing Distance Available 可用着陆距离<BR>LPC Less Paper Cockpit (program) 少纸化驾驶舱(程序) <BR>LRC Long Range Cruise speed 远程巡航速度<BR>LW Landing Weight 着陆重<BR><BR>M<BR>m Aircraft’s mass 飞机质量<BR>M Mach number 马赫数<BR>MLR Mach of Long Range 远程巡航马赫数<BR>MMR Mach of Maximum Range 最大航程马赫数<BR>MMO Maximum Operating Mach number 最大使用马赫数<BR>MCDU Multipurpose Control and Display Unit 多功能控制和显示组件<BR>MCT Maximum Continuous Thrust 最大连续推力<BR>MEA Minimum safe En route Altitude 航线最低安全高度<BR>MEL Minimum Equipment List 最低设备清单<BR>MEW Manufacturer Empty Weight 制造厂空重<BR>MGA Minimum safe Grid Altitude 最低安全屏障高度<BR>MLW Maximum Landing Weight 最大着陆重量<BR>MOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude 最低越障高度<BR>MORA Minimum Off Route Altitude 最低偏航高度<BR>MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面<BR>MTOW Maximum Takeoff Weight 最大起飞重量<BR>MTW Maximum Taxi Weight 最大滑行重量<BR>MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel Weight 最大无燃油重量<BR><BR>N<BR>n Load factor 载荷因子(过载系数)<BR>nz Load factor component normal to the aircraft’s longitudinal axis <BR> 垂直于飞机纵轴的过载系数分量<BR>N All engines operating 全发工作<BR>NAM air distance 空中距离,空中海里<BR>NGM ground distance 地面距离,地面海里<BR>N1 Rotation speed of the fan 风扇转速<BR>N-1 One engine inoperative 一台发动机不工作<BR>N-2 Two engines inoperative 两台发动机不工作<BR>NLC Noise Level Computation (program) 噪声水平计算(程序)<BR>NPA Notice for Proposed Amendment (JAA) 建议增补通知(JAA)<BR>NPRM Notice for Proposed Rule Making (FAA) 建议制定规定的通知(FAA)<BR><BR>O<BR>OAT Outside Air Temperature 外界大气温度<BR>OCTOPUS Operational and Certified Takeoff and Landing Universal Software<BR> 实用及经过审定的起飞和着陆通用软件 <BR>OEW Operational Empty Weight 使用空重<BR>OFP Operational Flight Path (program) 运行飞行航迹<BR><BR>P<BR>P Pressure 压力<BR>P0 Standard pressure at Mean Sea Level 平均海平面的标准压力<BR>Pamb Ambient pressure at the flight altitude 飞行高度的环境压力<BR>Pforce Force power 力功率<BR>PS Static pressure 静压<BR>Pset Altimeter’s reference pressure 高度表的参考压力<BR>Pt Total pressure 总温<BR>PA Pressure Altitude 压力高度<BR>PEP Performance Engineering Programs 性能工程师软件 <BR>PFD Primary Flight Display 主飞行指示器<BR>PNR Point of No Return 无返回点,返航点<BR><BR>Q<BR>q Dynamic pressure 动压<BR>QFE Pressure at the airport reference point 机场基准点的气压,场压<BR>QNH Mean Sea Level pressure 平均海平面气压<BR>QRH Quick Reference Handbook 快速参考手册<BR><BR>R<BR>R Universal gas constant 通用气体常数<BR>R radius of turn 转弯半径<BR>RC(r/c) Rate of Climb 爬升率<BR>RD(r/d) Rate of Descent 下降率<BR>RLD Required Landing Distance 所需的着陆距离<BR>RN Reynolds number 雷诺数<BR>RTOW Regulatory Takeoff Weight chart 标准的起飞重量图表 <BR><BR>S<BR>S Wing area 机翼面积<BR>SAT Static Air Temperature 空气静温<BR>SFC Specific Fuel Consumption 燃油消耗率<BR>SID Standard Instrument Departure procedure 标准仪表离场程序<BR>SL sea level<BR>SR Specific Range 比航程(燃油里程)<BR>STAR Standard Arrival procedure 标准进场程序<BR>STD Standard 标准<BR>SWY Stopway 停止道<BR><BR>T<BR>T(t) Temperature 温度<BR>T total thrust 总推力<BR>T absolute temperature 绝对温度<BR>t airfoil thickness 翼剖面厚度<BR>T0 Standard temperature at Mean Sea Level 平均海平面的标准温度<BR>TISA Standard temperature 标准大气温度<BR>TREF Flat Rating Temperature 平推力温度<BR>T/C Top of Climb 爬升顶点<BR>T/D Top of Descent 下降顶点<BR>TA True Altitude 真实高度<BR>TAS True Air Speed 真空速<BR>TAT Total Air Temperature 空气总温<BR>TLC Takeoff and Landing Computation (program) 起飞和着陆计算(程序)<BR>TLO Takeoff and Landing Optimization (program) 起飞和着陆优化(程序)<BR>TO Takeoff 起飞<BR>TOD Takeoff Distance 起飞距离<BR>TODA Takeoff Distance Available 可用起飞距离<BR>TOR Takeoff Run 起飞滑跑距离<BR>TORA Takeoff Run Available 可用起飞滑跑距离,跑道长度<BR>TOGA Takeoff / Go-Around thrust 起飞/复飞推力<BR>TOW Takeoff Weight 起飞重量<BR> <BR>V<BR>V Velocity 速度<BR>V1 Takeoff decision speed 起飞决断速度<BR>V2 Takeoff climb speed 起飞爬升速度<BR>VAPP Final approach speed 最后进近速度(进近速度)<BR>VEF Engine failure speed 发动机失效速度<BR>VFE Maximum flap extended speed 最大带襟翼飞行速度<BR>VLE Landing gear extended speed 起落架放出后的最大速度<BR>VLO Landing gear operating speed 起落架操作速度,允许收放起落架的最大速度<BR>VLOF Lift Off speed 离地速度<BR>VLS Lowest selectable speed 最小可选速度<BR>VMBE Maximum brake energy speed 最大刹车能量速度<BR>VMCA Minimum control speed in the air 空中最小操纵速度<BR>VMCG Minimum control speed on ground 地面最小操纵速度<BR>VMCL Minimum control speed during approach and landing <BR> 进近和着陆期间的最小操纵速度<BR>VMCL-2 VMCL two engines inoperative 两台发动机不工作时的VMCL<BR>VMO Maximum Operating speed 最大使用速度<BR>VMU Minimum Unstick speed 最小离地速度<BR>VR Rotation speed 抬前轮速度<BR>VREF Reference landing speed 基准着陆速度<BR>VS Stalling speed 失速速度<BR>VS1G Stalling speed at one g 一个g 时的失速速度<BR>VSR Reference stalling speed 基准的失速速度<BR>Vtire Maximum tire speed 最大轮胎速度<BR>VFR Visual Flight Rules 目视飞行规则<BR>VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions 目视气象条件<BR><BR>W<BR>W Weight 重量<BR>Wa Apparent weight 表现重量,表观重量<BR>WC Wind component 风分量<BR><BR><BR>2 常用的计算常数:<BR>g =32.174049 ft/sec2<BR>gc =32.174049 ft/sec2<BR>P0 =2116.2166 lb/ft2<BR> =14.695949 lb/in2<BR> =1013.25 mb<BR> =29.92126 Inches of Hg<BR>T0 =518.67 °R=59°F<BR> =288.15°K=15°C<BR>ρ0 =.002376892 slug/ft3 or lbm-sec2/ft4<BR>a0 =1116.4501 ft/sec=661.4786 kts<BR>λ =.00356616 °F/ft<BR> =.0019812 °C/ft<BR>R =53.352374 ft lbf/lbm °R<BR> =96.034273 ft lbf/lbm °K<BR>R&acute; =gc R=1716.5619 ft2/sec2 °R<BR> =3089.81142 ft2/sec2 °K<BR>Ttrop =389.97 °R= -69.7 °F<BR> =216.65 °K=-56.5 °C<BR>CP =0.239936923 BTU/lbm/°R<BR> =6007.96665 ft2/sec2 °R<BR> =10814.33997 ft2/sec2 °K<BR>Cv =0.171383516 BTU/lbm/°R<BR> =4291.40475 ft2/sec2 °R<BR> =7724.52855 ft2/sec2 °K<BR>γ =1.4 (for air)<BR>J =778.26 ft-lb/BTU<BR><BR><BR>表3 单位换算<BR>1 ft =0.3048 meters exactly.<BR>1 nm =1852 meters exactly.<BR>1 nm =6076.115486 ft.<BR>1 nm =1.1507794481 sm.<BR>1 meter =3.280839895 ft.<BR> =39.37007874 in.<BR>1 knot =1.687809857 ft/sec.<BR> =0.514444444 m/sec.<BR> =1.852 kilometers/hr. exactly<BR>1 kg =2.204622622 lbs.<BR>1 lb =0.45359237 kgs. exactly<BR>1 inch =2.54 cm.<BR>1 radian =57.29577951 degrees.<BR>1 slug =32.174049 lbm sec2/ft.<BR>1 BTU =778.26 ft lb.<BR>
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