多传感器数据融合与航迹预测
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">未来的战争<SPAN>,</SPAN>将是陆、海、空相结合的立体战争<SPAN>, </SPAN>成功地收集各种情报非常重要,甚至对战争的胜负起着决定性的作用。在实战中各种情报的收集依赖于多种传感器设备,由于,<SPAN>1.</SPAN>电磁环境将异常复杂,敌方会主动或随机发送错误、无用的信号使我方传感器受到各种欺骗和干扰;<SPAN>2.</SPAN>需要检测目标的数量越来越多<SPAN>,</SPAN>运动速度也越来越快;<SPAN>3.</SPAN>多数目标会利用散射或吸收的方法大大减少对电磁波的反射等隐身技术和低空、超低空突防技术,让目标的反射电磁波和地面所反射电磁波混在一起,无法区分;总之使传感器难以捕捉和跟踪检测目标。因此,采用单传感器捕捉和跟踪的技术效果很差,而多传感器数据融合在解决探测、跟踪和识别方面不仅具有能够数倍地扩大捕捉和跟踪空间和时间覆盖范围的优势,还可以降低信息模糊度、提高可信度和改进探测性能等等。故采用并不断发展</SPAN><SPAN>多传感器数据融合技术将是军事电子领域一种趋势。 </SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN>多传感器数据融合可以分为数据预处理、航迹相关、航迹融合等步骤。如果某个时刻某雷达站接受到空间某点反射回来的电磁波,它将记录下有关的数据,并进行计算,得到包括目标的经度、纬度、海拔高度,经向速度、纬向速度、观察时刻在内的一组数据(见附件数据)。然后雷达网中各个雷达站将各自的观测数据传送并存放到融合中心进行雷达数据相关和数据融合。为了正确区分来自不同雷达站的数据,在每组雷达数据之前再加上雷达站编号和传感器编号等。航迹即上述某雷达站接受到某一</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">检测目标陆续反射</SPAN><SPAN>回来的电磁波后记录、计算</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">检测目标所处的一系列空中位置而形成的离散点列,</SPAN><SPAN>航迹相关即依据一定的准则确定各个雷达站的多组数据中哪些组数据是来自同一个</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">检测目标</SPAN><SPAN>。由于每组数据的观测时刻和各个雷达站的观测时间间隔都不同,所以在进行航迹两两相关之前首先要进行时间配准,即让不同雷达表示同一目标位置的时刻集合扩大为一致。然后将多条表示同一目标运动轨迹的航迹尽可能地抽取出来,为数据融合做好准备。在这些航迹对(即不同雷达站所观测到的关于同一目标的航迹的集合)中,不同航迹的观测雷达的精确度不一样,有些比较准确,有些误差比较大,这些误差可以根据观测数据分析估计。在进行航迹融合之前,需要把观测误差较大的航迹向观测误差较小的航迹靠拢,以消除相对雷达偏差。在对航迹的雷达系统误差修正之后,最终对多条航迹以各种方法处理,融合得出一条尽量与实际一致的航迹并预测其短期内可能的轨迹。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><SPAN>现有多组经过预处理后的融合中心雷达观测数据,数据被包含在</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Data2.txt</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>文件中,此文件包括</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>个观测雷达(如果多于</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>个只考虑前</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>个),假设雷达位置的经纬度分别为</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">{(122.1, 27.2)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>( 122.4, 28.6)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>( 121.5, 27.8)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>( 121.3, 28.9)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>( 122.5, 29.9)<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>( 121.8, 29.5)}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>。分别对应</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN>雷达站的编号为</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">7724</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">7728</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2910</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2539</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2537</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2025</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>。地面安放雷达的海拔高度为</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>千米。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Data2.txt</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>文件中观测数据的数据结构(在表示经纬度时按度、分、秒,如</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">1231749</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>指</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">123</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>度</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>分</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">49</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>秒;在表示时间时按时、分、秒,如</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">134500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>指</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>时</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>分</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>秒)如下: </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN> </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 108.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0; mso-outline-level: 1">
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
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<TR style="mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 47.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>雷达</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>站</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>编号</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>传感</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>器</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>类型</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>编号</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>目标</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN> 经度</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>目标</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>纬度</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>观察</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>时间</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>目标</SPAN><SPAN>经向</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN>速度</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>单位:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>米</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>秒</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>目标</SPAN><SPAN>纬向</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN>速度</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>单位:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>米</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>秒</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff; WIDTH: 47.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=63>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>目标</SPAN><SPAN>高度</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>单位:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN>米</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN><FONT size=3>请完成以下问题:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>1.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN>根据附件中的数据,由雷达编号,传感器编号(附件中都是雷达,因此相同)</SPAN><SPAN>提取出不同的目标航迹对(时间间隔超过</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>分钟的可以认为是两个航迹)。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>2.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN>找出各雷达站观测到的有相交时间段的航迹,对观测时间和时间间隔不同的雷达数据进行时间配准,然后抽取表示同一目标的航迹对。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>3.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN>根据</SPAN><SPAN>附件中的数据,分析</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>个雷达站雷达的观察精度,以消除相对雷达偏差。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>4.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN>将多部雷达观测到的同一目标的航迹对融合为一条航迹,并给出预测航迹的算法以及预测目标在未来</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>秒钟内的轨迹。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>5.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN>用导弹拦截时,如果目标飞机发现自己被敌方雷达锁定时会做一定的机动(转向、变速,其变化范围由飞机的性能和飞行状态决定)。为了简化起见,假设拦截导弹是在目标的前方爆炸,其爆炸有效半径为</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>米,若飞机在拦截导弹爆炸时的轨迹恰好落在该范围内即认为拦截成功。在拦截系统中</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN>考虑目标的机动,讨论你所提供的算法对目标轨迹预测的有效性(实时性和精度等)。</SPAN></FONT></P> 哪有附件啊?帅哥传给我吧。jj0637@126.com :loveliness:
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