航空 发表于 2010-4-20 18:50:40

航空器飞行原理-民航运输机巡航性能分析

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航空 发表于 2010-4-20 18:51:18

<H1 style="MARGIN: 9pt 0cm; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">航空器飞行原理-民航运输机巡航性能分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 26.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Cruising Analysis for Transportation Airplanes</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">耿骅</SPAN></B><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> Hwa Keng</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 32.4pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -32.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: list 32.4pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face=Arial>一、</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">前言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞机的「性能」可以从两种方向去定义:一是「性能」为飞机「多快、多高、多远」的表现,二是从物理学角度出发,认为性能是牛顿运动定律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的具体表现。在民航业界的日常工作里,我们比较重视飞机的起落性能(如跑道分析图表的计算)与爬升性能(考虑离到场时的超越地障的能力)两项性能指针,而这两项指标用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">F</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">牛顿运动公式都足以获得一定精确的解答,但是对于飞机能飞得「多快、多高、多远」的问题,国内的许多航空公司限于操作航线短,飞行高度有限,运用的机会并不大,对此也就兴趣缺缺。而少数能飞得高、飞得远的航空公司,飞行计划多以计算机代为计算,既然有现成可捡,更无需劳神计算;何况高空状况瞬息万变,现实中不见得全然能照表操课。但无论是就事论事地求知求实,还是出于教育训练的授课需要,都有必要厘清在什么环境条件下,飞机如何操作,方能够发挥最大的巡航性能,进而创造航线的营运效益。简而言之,就是探究「最佳」的飞行计划是怎么做出来的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">二、巡航公式的理论推导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">所谓的航程是指飞机利用其所携带的燃油,飞经地球上空的距离,此距离可分为最远航程与指定航程(从甲地飞到乙地)。航程与油量、燃油消耗率、高度及飞行速度等有密切关系;一般越洋航线的计算为了节约油料与成本,通常都希望飞得越省越好,但又必需顾虑到状况外的处置余裕,故飞行计划很少是以「最远航程」来制作的,多是以定高度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">定马克数计算后参考民航法规对备用油量的规定及公司政策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">机长起飞前根据航路天气等因素决定出最后的加油量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">早在第一、二次大战之间的二十年代,整个航空设计从一战时期着重的单机缠斗敏捷性走向「更快、更高、更远」时,法国航空工程师</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> Brequet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">即从螺旋桨性能及功率观点导出了航程公式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,使远程跨洋飞行得到了相应的理论基础。喷射机的航程公式可以「比燃油消耗」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)取代螺旋桨机的功率而得到「相似」但不一样的结论:对喷射机而言,假设比燃油消耗不随油门的移动而变化(当然这只是推导公式时为简化问题的假设,现实操作中是不太可能的,高度维持在某固定高度(通常是航管批答的高度),欲得到最远航程时,必须飞行在(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)为最大值之时,也就是说飞行员必保持在对应寄生阻力等于三倍诱导阻力系数的攻角下飞行,并将油门配到维持当时平飞所需的油门配置(但又不允许燃油消耗比有所变化)。整个公式推导如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>L=W=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></FONT></FONT></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 style="WIDTH: 12pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">SC<SUB>L</SUB></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 68.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">喷射机的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brequet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">航程方程式为:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Range=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">lnW<SUB>0</SUB>/W<SUB>1</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC=-W<SUB>f</SUB>/T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(比燃油消耗),欲求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">航程最远,假设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为定值,即求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1028 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1029 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1030 style="WIDTH: 66.75pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB>/C<SUB>D</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1031 style="WIDTH: 68.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">故在固定高度(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为定值)下,航程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最远的条件为(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">max</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。满足(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">max</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时的飞行状态可由诱导阻力公式代换,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB>=C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/(C<SUB>D0</SUB>+KC<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,将该式对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">微分为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时,可求得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或攻角</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">a</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)之最大值状态。经计算后可得该飞行状态下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>D</SUB>=3KC<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>2</SUP></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。即飞机应保持在寄生阻力系数为诱导阻力系数三倍的「攻角」飞行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">这里同时可以给出:(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">max</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的速度是最大升阻比速度(飘降速度)的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">倍。许多航空应用书籍里是把这个结论(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V<SUB>max Range</SUB>=1.32 V<SUB>mim Drag</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)直接拿来运用,详细的证明过程则可参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">上面的公式仅基于飞机本身的气动力特性考虑,并没有顾虑到发动机的工作状态(比燃油消耗被假设为固定值)和高度的变化(密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">固定,故高度不变)等因素,尚不够全面、客观。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">另一种直观的逼近方式舍去了繁复的公式推导:直接从一定高度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">重量下的「推力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度图」(又称性能基本图表)利用简单的几何作图找出该条件(固定高度、固定重量)下的最远航程需用推力与对应的飞行速度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">若飞行距离以理计,携油量以磅计,二者相比即为比航程(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Specific Range, SR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SR=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">航程哩数/燃油磅数=(航程哩数/小时)/(燃油磅数/小时)=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(速度)/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(燃油流率),或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SR=</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1032 style="WIDTH: 45pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">对喷射机而言,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&raquo;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Thrust</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,故在「推力-速度」图中,从原点作一切线切于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">g</SPAN></SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图中的切点,即为「该条件」(某高度、某重量)下的最远航程点,该处的(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)自应最大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">所示。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1033 style="WIDTH: 396.75pt; HEIGHT: 234.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.wmz" o:title=""><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><v:line id=_x0000_s1026 style="Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text" o:allowincell="f" to="18pt,9pt" from="18pt,9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3></FONT></v:line><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">还有一种逼近法是在飞机初步概念设计时所采用的:把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brequet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">方程式中的速度换成马克数。即将式子改为:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>=a</FONT><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="True" SourceValue="0" UnitName="m"><SUB><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>0</FONT></SUB><SUB><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1034 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN></SUB><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>M</FONT></st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">a<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为海平面标准大气下的音速</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">q</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=T</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R=(<SPAN style="BACKGROUND: silver">V</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: silver; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/TSFC)<SPAN style="BACKGROUND: silver">L/D</SPAN>lnW<SUB>0</SUB>/W<SUB>1</SUB>=(a<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN></FONT><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1035 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN></SUB><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/TSFC)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: silver; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&acute;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: silver; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">lnW<SUB>0</SUB>/W<SUB>1</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&acute;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&acute;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">被称为「</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Range Factor</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">」。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">若要使飞机达到最远航程,则必需使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(在马克数大于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.75</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">以上时考虑空气压缩性而改采马克数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&acute;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(升阻比)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为最大值。此观点亦称为航程因子(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Range Factor</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)法,可用来分析、预估翼载、翼面积和巡航所需推力等参数。对机翼而言,最大的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">×</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">只发生在「某一特定」的马克数下,大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">比受压缩性的影响反而会减小,故什么时候</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">×</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大就要看这两个变量如何相调和了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图又称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Polar Diagram</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,从高速</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图我们可以看出不同的数和不同的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大值。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数较小时,不受气体压缩性的影响,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的最大值会比较大,但因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数小,所以两个的乘积并非最大;同理,若</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数过大,则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大值会因压缩性而减小,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">×</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">也跟着减小,故最大的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">×</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L/D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度将会发生在所谓「最佳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数」时,对现代客机常用的机翼而言,通常是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.72-0.86</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">左右。这也是为什么次音速的客机在巡航时,不高不低,都选择在这个速度附近的道理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">实际航路操作时如果你刻意保持这个速度飞行,飞机会因为油料减少造成重量愈来愈轻,若速度(即升力)不变,高度愈飘愈高,有那么点御风而行的哲学味道。这给了我们一个启示:如果想达到「绝对」最远航程(以有别于前面讨论的固定高度下的最远航程),则必需随重量变化而调整高度,这种变化又是随着发动机在不同高度下的工作能力而改变的。为了更精准地计算「绝对远航程」,我们延续上面的推导但引入发动机推力随高度而产生的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T=T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。更精确点来说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">上应该还有个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的指数乘幂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,但为了推导方便可以忽略。其推导过程如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">已知:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ln</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>1</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1036 style="WIDTH: 68.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1037 style="WIDTH: 33.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">lnW<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>1</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">引入:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为「海平面标准」大气密度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>R=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1038 style="WIDTH: 50.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1039 style="WIDTH: 33.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1040 style="WIDTH: 66pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">L</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ln</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>1</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">-1/2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/TSFC</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1041 style="WIDTH: 59.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ln</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>1</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">假设某固定推力设定值随大气密度而变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T=T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=D= C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,经过代换</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R= T<SUB>0</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(C<SUB>L</SUB>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SUP><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">3</SPAN></SUP><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN></FONT></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 6pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1042 style="WIDTH: 48pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ln</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>1</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,即在「高度不断变化下」欲得到最远航程需保持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(C<SUB>L</SUB>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SUP><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">3</SPAN></SUP><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">/2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)<SUB>max</SUB></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">这也就是说,在爬升阶段终止后,先配平好姿态和调整推力为某一定的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPR(Engine Pressure Ratio</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,通常用来表示推力的一种仪表读数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,保持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB>/C<SUB>D</SUB><SUP>3/2</SUP></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大值时的攻角平直飞行。虽然推力和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值并不全然相等,但这里的假设是:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 60.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>(1)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>EPR</FONT></SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">就是推力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 60.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(2)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">某固定油门(即固定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值)设定所获得的推力会随着空气密度成比例递减。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">随着油料消耗,保持在这个特定的攻角,高度表愈转愈高,整个飞行剖面是「挂」在一个经过缜密计算,可以飞到「绝对最远」航程,美中不足的只是民航机能不像战斗机装有「攻角指示器」可以体察攻角变化。待在高空燃油耗尽后,燃油箱内所有的化学能已被换成位能。这时油门已没有作用,发动机也因油料耗尽而停车,再以「最佳飘降速度」从接近高层大气的边缘慢慢滑下来,完成这趟「最远航程」的壮举;当然实际上还得考虑飞机与发动机能不能承受这样高空的操作的问题。先前的假设是推力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,随着高度呈指数递减,但发动机或许早因高空进气不足而熄火;客机调压舱的结构强度也不一定能承受高空的内外压差;复以航管的限制与空气动力升限的考虑等,种种因素都使航空公司很少采用这种纯学院派的操作技巧,转而用另一种较为温和的「阶梯式爬升巡航」,后面将会再讨论到。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">三、发动机性能参数修正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">由上面的讨论我们可以看出,在处理航空器巡航问题时,所遭遇到的状况不外三类:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72.75pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -48.75pt; tab-stops: list 72.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(1)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞机外型气动力的设计考虑。比方如何利用航程方程式决定翼负荷参数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72.75pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -48.75pt; tab-stops: list 72.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(2)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">如何修正发动机因外界环境变化而造成的工作状态改变。如前例中提到的推力需随高度(或空气密度)修正,以及衍生的高空熄火问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72.75pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -48.75pt; tab-stops: list 72.75pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(3)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞机和发动机间性能匹配的问题。无论从设计或使用的观点来看,无论所谓的性能表征是「多高、多快、多远」,还是牛顿的第二运动定律,性能都不可避免地受到两个因素的制约:飞机(精确地说是机翼)本身气动力选择以及装用发动机的工作效率;如何调和飞机的气动力性能和发动机出力,期能使两者互补而达到「最佳」状态,也就是实际「最远」航程的航行方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 23.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)个问题是飞机设计师需考虑的问题,本篇文章不予考虑。第(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)及第(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)个问题对性能计算的影响很大,我们先来看看第(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)个问题:如何修正发动机的性能参数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">前面已经引介了两个无因次量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">q</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=T</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。根据理想气体方程式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,若将某一状态的压力、温度与密度写任两者写入气体方程式中,我们可以得到第三者,为了表达方便起见,将气体方程式改写为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/P<SUB>0</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R/R</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/T<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">且令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/P<SUB>0</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">r</SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">0</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">=</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/T<SUB>0</SUB>=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">q</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">等三个无因次量,而方程式换为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">q</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">依然成立。这三个无因次量看似简单,实际上是发动机工程师用来修正各种不同外界条件下,发动机工作参数的有利工具,故被称为「性能参数修正因子」。举例来说,部队里有句话叫「高空慢车,转速增加」;以某型军用发动机为例,在三万多呎时的慢车转速会和地面军用推力时的转速相差无几。所以三万多呎的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RPM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">和地面试车的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RPM</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">如何才能放在相当的基准来比较才算合理,或者说如何将「非标准大气情况」下的性能参数测量值换算成「标准大气」下的等效值。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Buckingham</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">p</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">原理提供了这方面的理论依据,在此我们省略掉繁复的推导,「先入为主」地将结果表出:推(阻)力修正为</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1043 style="WIDTH: 12.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>或</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1044 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(注意和前面所谓「推力随高度或空气密度变化」的公式不同,两者物理意义也并不等同),空气流量修正为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Wa</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1045 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,燃油流量修正为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB>/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1046 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,转速修正为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N/</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1047 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,若将环境拉回海平面标准大气,可以看到则三个修正因子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">q</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">s</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">均等于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。在实际运用中,只要流场的雷诺数够大,推力修正和空气流量修正所得的结果都还在可接受的范围内,燃油流量的参数修正受燃烧效率随高度增加而降低等因素的限制,效果较差。在不同高度下得到的性能数据及修正后的结果如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">所示,可看到修正后的参数与标准大气时的表现大致相符。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1048 style="WIDTH: 373.5pt; HEIGHT: 224.25pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.png" o:title="圖2"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1049 style="WIDTH: 370.5pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.png" o:title="圖3"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">四、飞机与发动机性能匹配</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我们再来看第(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)个问题,由航程本身的定义推导起。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞机能够飞在空中是因为机翼产生升力,升力的来源是推力造成的。喷射发动机的推力又是由燃油的消耗所产生。推力同时让飞机有向前的速度。故每磅燃油能够飞多少公里,即所谓的「比航程」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Specific Range</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)和燃油流率(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel Flow</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)间的关系可写为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SR=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的单位为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">nam/1b</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">注记为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB>=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/SR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">上式可知燃油流率与飞行速度及比航程间的互动关系;依</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的定义,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">也等于(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC*T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">),同时引入修正因子</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB>/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=(TSFC)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/SR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,再将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M=V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/a<SUB>0</SUB></FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1050 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">代入,整理后可得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC/</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1051 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=W<SUB>F</SUB>/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1052 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=(V</FONT></SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">∞</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1053 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)/(SR)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">=Ma<SUB>0</SUB>/((SR)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。我们可以从式中得到以「修正环境条件」为基础的三个参数:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.9pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 35.9pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(1)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">燃油流量修正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W<SUB>F</SUB>/(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1054 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.9pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 35.9pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(2)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">比燃油消耗修正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC/</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 4pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1055 style="WIDTH: 20.25pt; HEIGHT: 18pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.9pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 35.9pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(3)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">燃油哩程修正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(SR)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或以单位来表示成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(nam/1b)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,其中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">nam</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">nautical air mile</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)即为空中浬程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -0.1pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>利用这三个参数来绘制的图表能保证其「一体适用」性,无需顾虑随高度改变衍生的种种内、外在变化。与同样作过推力修正(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1056 style="WIDTH: 12.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>)及重量修正(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1057 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)后的「基本性能图形」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T-V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图)相重合,便可求得「修正环境」后,任意飞行状态下的需要推力、燃油流率和燃油哩程。理论上,这图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">这三张图放诸四海皆准,可以运于整个飞行包络线内。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1058 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif" o:title="圖4"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">修正推力-马克数和油门变动的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1059 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif" o:title="圖5"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">修正推力-马克数和修正比航程间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1060 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif" o:title="圖6"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">修正推力-马克数和最佳</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1061 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">由图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">中找出对于某个给定的</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1062 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值,需要推力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T(D)/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">和燃油哩程曲线</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(nam/1b)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的切点,即为该</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1063 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>值最大航程所对应的马克数和燃油哩程值。取不同的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1064 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。由各对应切点可得到许多组马克数-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(nam/1b)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的组合,并向某一个</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1065 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>与马克数值逼进,该</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1066 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>值就是「该型飞机」配装「该型发动机」的最佳</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1067 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>!而最远航程的速度则为一固定马克数,不随飞机的重量改变。至此飞机气动性能和发动机工作状态才算圆满结合。因为某型飞机(配上某特定的发动机)的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1068 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为一定值,反过来说当飞机在某一定重量时,「最佳」飞行高度也跟着确定。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">直观的地说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">T-V</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">图只表明了飞机本身气动力的考虑,若要达到最远航程必需飞在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">M</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">×</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1069 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">发生的那个点,如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。对发动机而言,从高空试车台或实际飞试我们都可作出一张比燃油消耗对修正推力的图表,在最低点(称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bucket TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)我们可得到最佳发动机效率,但并不保证这时产生的推力足以支持飞机在最佳气动力当时的要求(同一型的发动机可能会装用十种以上的气动设计各异的飞机),如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">所示。于是另外一张由前两张调和出的新图,便呼之欲出了。此时所谓的「航程因子」就不再只有速度和升阻比两项了,而是整个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brequet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">方程式中的发动机与飞机变项之合并</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V(</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1070 style="WIDTH: 15pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)/TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,故我们可以再画出一张横轴为飞机「修正重量」(</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1071 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">),纵轴为「修正航程因子」的图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">出来,并再次得出存在某个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">为该机的最佳巡航点。这种说法虽然直观、简单,但却也省略了不少实际现象,并不是最好的解释方式(参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1072 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif" o:title="圖7"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1073 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif" o:title="圖8"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1074 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif" o:title="圖9"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><A name=_Toc514234847><o:p></o:p></A></SPAN></P><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc514234847"></SPAN>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">五、实际巡航问题探讨</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">以波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">747-400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">型为例,自台北起飞飞往美国的越洋飞行典型巡航高度约从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31,000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">呎开始,然后逐渐爬升至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">35,000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">呎,视燃油消耗及航管许可最后可以爬到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">39,000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">呎左右。综合前面的分析并参考该型机的操作手册</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,大致可把巡航方式归纳为以下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">种:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>(1)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>M</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>数和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1075 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>保持不变的最佳巡航剖面:如前一节所分析,这种巡航方式可取得「绝对最远」航程。巡航中由于燃油的消耗,飞机重量不断减轻,为了保持在该机型的最佳</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1076 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值(可达到最大比航程)下飞行,则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">d</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">要随飞机的重量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">W</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">相应减小,意味着飞行高度也必需不断增高。这种方式顾虑到了燃油造成的重量变化以及发动机受环境影响的推力变动,但在巡航中持续不断地改变高度只能在交通流量不太大的越洋航线(如中太平洋的东京-夏威夷或台北-夏威夷线),于得到航管许可后实施。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(2)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">定高度下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度巡航:在越洋航线上,通常航管会对航机指定某个固定的高度,在此情况下,随着航机重量在燃油消耗后不断减轻,但高度保持不变,</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1077 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>也随之减小,从而逐渐偏离了最佳</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1078 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值,使得这种飞行只能算是个「次优」的选择。保持飞机在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C<SUB>L</SUB><SUP>1/2</SUP>/C<SUB>D</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最大值的攻角下飞行,此时的速度称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Max Range Cruise</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)速度。随着重量的逐渐减轻,所需升力减小,为了满足攻角不变,速度可相应放慢一些。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度也就是「飞行管理系统」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">COST INDEX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">设为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时所飞的速度,上述随飞行时间递减的速度变化在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RTE PAGE</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">页面也可以观察到。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(3)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">定高度下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">LRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">巡航:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度虽然能节约油料,但是也有不少的缺点。根据推(阻)力-速度图中飞机的总阻力曲线,我们可以知道只要是有着翅膀的飞行器,因为较低速度时的诱导阻力增加,使其总阻力在低速时会比高速时还要高,速度愈低,此现象愈明显,为了维持高度,油门反而要相应增加;这种速度愈低愈要推油门的区域被称作「相反操作区」。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度不多不少恰是落在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CLEAN CONFIG</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时的「相反操作区」和「一般操作区」的临界点附近,略偏「一般操作区」的地方。如果大气情况不是太稳定,飞行员必需手动地推、收油门或使用自动油门以调整推力,从而带来操作上的不便及额外的油料损失(就好像你在都市里行车,不断加、减油门、变换车道只为维持某一固定速度)。这时适当地增加速度而仅稍唯多消耗一些油料是值得的尝试。性能手册于是列出一种将速度增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%,但燃油消耗只略增</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%,又能远离相反操作区使油门动作不那么粗猛的数据,称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">LRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Long Range Cruise</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)或「远航程」速度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">LRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度可由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">页面直接选取,在长航程时运用机会极大,也普遍见于各种性能图表中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>(4)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>M</FONT></SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">数和飞行高度不变的计划巡航:在巡航中,无论是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">LRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度都是一个「动态」的数值,必需随着巡航高度及飞机重量而变化。另一种比较直接、省事的手法是采用定高度、定速度(马克数)的巡航方式,除了操作容易,可以不依赖飞行管理系统计算而简单用自动驾驶仪提供的「</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ALT HOLD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">」及「</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MACH HOLD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">」两项功能来达成。在地面制作飞行计划时,马克数和真空速可先期获得,以简单算术即可求出该次任务的飞行时间,计算方便且求出的需用油料也会较其它巡航方式稍微多一些,符合查阅图表的习惯及飞行人员的喜好。巡航时马克数和高度保持不变的飞行变化和前面几种巡航类似,随着油料的消耗,高度不变则升力也要相应减小,减低攻角的结果是阻力也跟着减小,而要保持马克数不变,油门须逐渐后收。通常飞机制造商都会提供几种不同高度、马克数的巡航性能数据以供不同情况选用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(5)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">发动机额定推力巡航:商用大型涡轮扇发动机本身在设计时便有一个模式叫「巡航模式」,发动机工作参数由「主控油器」或「</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EPR</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">限制计算器」根据当时大气条件算出,在该模式限制下发动机可以连续工作极长时间。巡航中运用这种最大额定推力属于比较「暴力」的作法,只有在发动机性能老化或飞机载重大,又接近最高航路温度(通常约为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">STD</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">+</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">35</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">度上下)的高温环境里飞行时,使用前面几种方式其推力都不足以维持给定的巡航高度下,才会使用这种额定推力法。以此方式飞行,若高度保持固定,则随着飞机重量减轻,马克数会逐渐增大。当然,这种方式的油料消耗也较多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(6)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">最低直接操作成本(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DOC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)速度巡航:直接操作成本分为固定直接成本和变动直接成本:前者和飞行时间及燃油无关,如保险、折旧等;后者则主要是飞行时间和燃油时间的折冲。根据精算理论,不同重量在固定高度的最低成本飞行速度接近于常数,也就是说可以用固定马克数法的手法来达成最低</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DOC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">巡航。只是这个速度究竟该飞多少并不容易有共识。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>(7)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>COST INDEX </FONT></SPAN></FONT><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">巡航:如果简化为只考虑燃油和时间的互动关系,飞机制造商在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年代中期引入「性能管理系统」时创造了一个名词叫成本指数(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cost Index</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">),简称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。其分子是每单位时间「只受轮档时间(即目前所规定的飞航时间)影响」成本,诸如飞加等;分母则为每单位重量燃油的成本。如果写成式子应该是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI=($/Time)/($/1b</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">油</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">)=1b</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">油</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/Time</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。把分子分母约简一下,消去成本(金钱)部分,看单位就可以知道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">其实是披着「成本外衣」的「燃油流率」。对不同的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值而言,其值愈大,表示控油器喷到燃烧室的油就愈多,飞行速度也愈快。与前面的例子稍有不同的是,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值在约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">250</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">以下时,侧重省油的考虑,随着燃油的消耗与飞机重量的减轻,飞机会愈飞愈慢。但在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">值在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">250</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">以上时,时间考虑较占上风,飞机愈轻,正好趁此机会快马加鞭,反而愈飞愈快了。如果想使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">提供的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">VNAV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">导航和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ECON CRZ</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">经济巡航功能,一定要输入某一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">COST INDEX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">给计算机。这点在最初引入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">观念时是颇让航空公司困惑的,因为许多航空公司根本不知道它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">COST INDEX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">该设定为多少?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">是个别使用者对「速度」和「时间」的折冲调和,只能反求诸己,制造厂家是不太帮得上忙的。目前较被接受的作法是各机队根据航线特性统一给定,比方</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">B747</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">越洋线打</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">75,B767</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">东南亚线打</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">120</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">等。图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">表明了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的物理意义,图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">则为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞行法和其它巡航方式的差异。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1079 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif" o:title="圖10"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1080 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif" o:title="圖11"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(8)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">阶梯式爬升巡航:阶梯爬升就是以每次</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">呎或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">呎的步进方式逐步向最佳高度过渡。通常可以作个两、三次。如刚开始时先使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FL310,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞了一个小时后再向航管申请</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FL330</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,最后再申请一次</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FL350</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">。这种方式是第一种(马克数和</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1081 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">保持不变的「变」高度巡航)的变形,和最佳飞行剖面比起来可谓虽不中亦不远,且能符合航管高度的规定。在某些飞机的飞行管理系统里,如果你打入欲阶梯式爬升的高度,计算机还会进一步告诉你会因此段爬升动作而节省了多少油料。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1082 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif" o:title="圖12"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>(9)</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">遭遇发动机失效时之巡航方式:巡航时遭遇发动机失效会使飞机的阻力增大,缩短航程,这时通常要降低高度。但在低高度飞行的时候,因为偏离了发动机最经济工作的性能点,燃油消耗比(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)又会变大,也会增加燃油的消耗。所以单发动机失效后「欲达到最远航程」的巡航高度需由「飞机额外增加阻力」与「低空燃油消耗增加」两个因素相互平衡才能决定。这个高度即是发动机失效飘降操作中的「最远航程高度」,是有别于全发动机工作的最远航程高度的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">六、最佳巡航高度的决定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>在使用马克数和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1083 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>保持不变的最佳巡航时,因为</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1084 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">是固定的,所以一个飞机重量会对应一个高度,这个高度称为当时的「最佳巡航高度」,这个马克数称为「最佳巡航速度」,是比固定高度上的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">还要「</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">」的速度;所以在最佳飞行剖面上,「速度」、「高度」、「重量」是三位一体的。但在飞行管理系统中,无论你是自行输入巡航的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MCP SPD </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或是使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">COST INDEX</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,都会发现计算机也会帮你计算所谓的「最佳巡航高度」,这个计算机算出来的数值和「三位一体」的最佳巡航高度又有什么关联呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我们依然可以从飞机气动力和发动机的性能匹配的观点来探讨。对一个机翼(或者飞机)的空气动力性质来说,前面已经导证过最远航程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度是发生在在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">倍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V<SUB>min Drag</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时。而发动机最经济的工作点依据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">TSFC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的图表则是在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%左右的转速附近。在低空时因为空气密度大,发动机出力也大,你推油门到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%会发现飞机不断加速,若飞机重量太轻甚至会超过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">V<SUB>mo</SUB></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">,这可不行!但是随着高度增加,虽然维持在最经济工作点上,但发动机推力逐渐减少,所能推进飞机的速度也相应减小,等到某一个「高度」发现这时正好与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度对上,此高度即为「最佳高度」(参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">)。瞄一瞄发动机转速指示计,应该还是留在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">%的工作点上下。如果不飞</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度,而是利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">或自行设定飞个比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MRC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度还高的速度,由图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">中可以看出,「最佳高度」会随之降低,反之亦然。有心想试试的人不妨在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">中把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">打入极大值,再和原先计算的「最佳高度」比较一下。另外在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的开机首页中,可进入<</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MAINT</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">&reg;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">PERF FACTORS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">>的选单下根据飞机的气动平滑度及发动机老化状况去设定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DRAG/FF</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">的参数,这些参数会进一步影响到巡航性能的计算(如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FMC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">速度、最佳高度等)。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1085 style="WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt" fillcolor="window" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif" o:title="圖13"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">七、结论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在安全的基础上对飞机性能作最大的发挥,无论出于军事作战需要或是航空公司的营利导向上,都是飞行部门的责任。限于篇幅,本文只讨论单纯因为飞机内在的变化-特别是重量(燃油消耗)变化,对巡航性能所产生的种种影响,利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Brequet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">方程式和试车参数修正法推导出了「</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1086 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt" fillcolor="window" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\sunchao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">只有一个,飞行状态的变化都是燃油消耗造成的」的结论。同时针对目前我国许多航空公司飞行同仁理论基础不够扎实的现实,复以波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">747-400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">型所装用的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Honeywell </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">飞行管理系统为背景,对常用的几种飞行操作手法进行理论分析与探讨,以期使飞行同仁能够加深对空气动力学及性能学的了解与印象,和实际飞行经验相互印证。在研究的过程中,最为困难的部分其实并不在理论的推衍(本篇大部分推导过程多属高中物理程度的变量代换),而在实际印证所需的飞行资料取得不易;文中的大部分数据尚是数年前笔者在航空公司服务时利用工作机会所获,平时几乎无从得知。依据目前本局的鼓励政策,多数的航空公司都已在航机上装有飞航品保用资料撷取器,其数据之详细除供飞安部门运用之外,其实也是性能分析最好的第一手数据,值得已建立队飞航品保系统的公司加以思考。从实际飞行体验中也可以知道:航路上不同高度的盛行风向、风速,高空温度,航空公司的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">FUEL TANKING</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">政策,航路所经国家的过路费政策,航线的长短甚至是否在巡航时使用发动机的引气除冰功能等都会影响飞机性能及巡航高度、速度的决定(参考</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">),若要对外部环境与间航程的影响作出相关分析,则还需要进一步的实际飞行数据方能进行。此外,除了巡航问题之外,在航机的爬升过程中因为牵涉到减推力的使用,其最佳省油操作方式为何,也值得国内对飞机性能发挥有兴趣的业者作进一步的探索。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">参考文献</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>1.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">John D. Anderson, Jr, Aircraft Performance and Design, McGraw Hill, 1999</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>2.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">赵先宁,王石生,飞机设计基本原理,徐氏基金会,民国七十八年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=3>3.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">程嘉垕,喷射燃气轮机导论,东华出版社,民国七十六年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>4.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Pratt &amp; Whitney, The Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and its Operation, P&amp;W 1182408, 1988</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>5.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Boeing, 747 Operation Manual, Boeing Company, 1984</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>6.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Honeywell, Boeing 747-400 FANS Flight Management System Pilot’s Guide, Honeywell Company, 1998</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>7.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Ian Suren, Airplane Performance, Planning and Loading for ATP, ATC Press, 1995</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>8.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Carlos E. Padilla, Optimizing Jet Transport Efficiency, Performance, Operations &amp; Economics, McGraw-Hill, 1996</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT size=3>9.</FONT><SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><FONT size=3>Airliner, Cruising Performance Analysis, Boeing Company, 1982</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>

yudongx 发表于 2010-4-24 02:57:43

北京蓝天飞行翻译有限公司

Virgin 发表于 2010-5-27 22:12:01

楼主辛苦,谢谢

MJH77 发表于 2010-5-29 15:28:26

好东西,看看了

alexliuchang 发表于 2010-6-5 00:48:57

谢谢斑竹,太感谢了

失速 发表于 2010-6-11 00:02:40

回复 1# 航空 的帖子

先顶后下!!!!!!!!

howie666888 发表于 2010-7-3 15:17:24

twwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

csl01514218 发表于 2010-8-30 19:46:06

民航运输机巡航性能分析

aftn 发表于 2010-8-30 20:12:02

学习了~~~~~~~~~
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