Bombardier-Challenger_00-Flight_Controls庞巴迪挑战者飞行操纵

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Bombardier-Challenger_00-Flight_Controls
 
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canadair chanencjer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 SECTION 70 FLIGHT CONTROLS TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject Page GENERAL 1 Control Disconnect Systems Power Control Units 2 Artificial Feel Mechanisms Trim Systems 7 Control Surface and Trim Position Indicators Gust Locks Bypass Valves Damping Valves Relief Valves 9 ROLL CONTROL SYSTEM S Ai leron Trim V Aileron Control Wheels Artificial Feel Mechanisms Aileron Position Transmitters Aileron Control Cable Tension Regulator 13 Aileron Flutter Dampers YAW CONTROL SYSTEM 13 Rudder Trim 14 Rudder Pedal Assemblies Ant i-Jam Mechanisms I Artificial Feel Mechanisms Rudder Position Transmitter 15 PITCH CONTROL SYSTEM 15 Horizontal Stabilizer 16 Control Columns 17 Gain Change Mechanisms Artificial Feel Mechanisms Anti-Jam Mechanisms 18 Elevator Position Transmitter Elevator Flutter Dampers WING FLAP SYSTEM 18 Flap Control Unit 21 Power Drive Unit Flap Actuators 23 Flexible Shaft Drive Assemblies Asymmetry/Overspeed Detector and Brake Assemblies Flap Position Transmitter 10- Page Apr cacntiaaauaeirn cjer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 Subject SPOILER SYSTEM Flight Spoilers Ground Spoilers STALL PROTECTION SYSTEM Angle-of-Attack Transducers Stall Protection Computer Stall Protection System Monitoring Stick Shakers Stick Pusher Subsystem Stall Protection System Test Indicators Aural Warning Horn Failure Warning Lights System Test Switches Systems Without Altitude Compensation LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Number Title 1 Flight Controls and Associated Instruments 2 Flight Controls Hydraulics 3 Servo Monitor Panel 4 Surface Trim Control Panel 5 Control Surface Position and Trim Position Indicators 6 Control Wheel 7 Wing Flap System Components 8 Wing Flap Controls and Indication 9 Spoiler Controls and Indication 10 Stall Protection System Controls and Indication 11 Stall Protection System Indicators 12 Stall Protection System Panels (2 Sheets) 13 Stall Margin Indicators canadair chaiienQer OPERATING MANUAL SECTION 10 FLIGHT CONTROLS GENERAL (Figures 1 and 2) The primary flight controls, consisting of roll control, yaw control, pitch control, flight spoilers and ground spoilers, are fully powered from all three hydraulic systems. Mechanical inputs from the pilots1 controls in the flight compartment are conveyed via push-pull rods, quadrants and cables to power control units (PCU). There is no interconnection between hydraulic systems, and all PCUs are totally independent of each other. The secondary controls consist of the wing trailing edge flaps and control surface trim systems, and are electrically controlled and actuated. The ailerons, elevators and the flight spoilers are each powered by two of the three independent hydraulic systems. The rudder is powered by all three systems and the ground spoilers are powered by No. 1 system only (refer to Figure 2). The primary flight control systems are capable of continued safe operation if jamming or disconnection of a component, loss of normal electrical power and, with the exception of the spoilers, loss of hydraulic systems No. 7 and/or No. 2 occur. Jamming or disconnection of a component is nullified by incorporation of dual control circuits with anti-jam and/or disconnect mechanisms. Loss of normal electrical power is overcome by an air-driven generator (ADG) which is capable of supplying emergency electrical power and deploys automatically if normal electrical power is lost. Loss of hydraulic systems No. 1 and/or No. 2 is catered for by hydraulic system No. 3 which supplies a PCU for each of the primary controls except spoilers. A. Control Disconnect Systems Control disconnect mechanisms are provided for disconnecting the control columns (pitch control) and the control wheels (roll control), if a jam occurs in their respective cable runs. The disconnect oechanisms are located under the flight compartment floor and are operated by the PITCH DISC and ROLL DISC T-handles on the centre pedestal (refer to Figure 1). The handles are normally stowed in small recesses in the centre pedestal when the disconnect mechanisms are engaged. When either handle is pulled up, its associated mechanism is disengaged. The handle can be secured in the disconnect position by rotating it left or right to engage a detent in the centre pedestal. When the PITCH DISC handle is pulled, the pilot has control of the left elevator and the copilot controls the right elevator. When the ROLL DISC handle is pulled, the pilot controls the left aileron and the copilot controls the right aileron. The controls can be reconnected by releasing the handle to the stowed position and aligning the control columns or the wheels as appropriate. SECTION 10 Page 1 Apr 4/83 canaaair cftanencjer OPERATING MANUAL If a jam occurs in the rudder control circuits, break-out bungees and an anti-jam mechanism isolate the jammed circuit. Yaw control is retained by both pilots. Power Control Units The primary flight control surfaces are fully power-operated by hydraulic actuators known as power control units. To provide for failsafe operation and eliminate fluid interflow between the three aircraft hydraulic systems, each aileron is powered by a dual PCU consisting of two independent actuators; each elevator is powered by two independent PCUs; and the rudder is powered by three independent PCUs. Although the PCUs of the ailerons, rudder and elevators differ in appearance, the principle of design and operation is similar. Each PCU consists mainly of a control-valve-operated piston moving in a cylinder. The control valve is operated by a mechanical linkage and directs hydraulic fluid under pressure to one side of the cylinder for actuation, or blocks off pressure from both sides when actuation is completed. The PCUs are connected to the control surfaces by rod-end attachments and operate to move the control surfaces in the desired direction upon receipt of a signal from the pilots' controls or from the automatic flight control system (AFCS). A flight control monitoring unit, located in the underfloor avionics bay, together with proximity sensors associated with each PCU, monitors the operation of the PCUs. The flight control monitoring unit receives inputs from the proximity sensors and transmits warning signals, via the master caution and warning system, to the servo monitor panel in the flight compartment (refer to Figure 3). Each proximity sensor forms part of a solid state electrical circuit that produces voltage variations when a metal target moves within a predetermined distance of the sensor. The sensors perform the function of conventional microswitches but do not require electrical contacts. The proximity sensors of the roll and yaw control systems are integral parts of their associated PCUs and are capable of detecting a PCU malfunction caused by a jammed PCU control valve or a hydraulic supply deficiency. The pitch control proximity sensors are mounted on the input linkages of their associated PCUs and detect only PCU malfunctions caused by a jammed PCU control valve. Artificial Feel Mechanisms Because the primary flight control surfaces are fully power-operated, artificial feel mechanisms, consisting of cam-foilower-spring devices, are incorporated in the control systems to simulate aeroctynamic forces and provide a means of sensing control loads under various flight conditions. SECTION 10 Page 2 May 28/82 cacntiaadilmenirQ sr AILERON OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 MASTER CAUTION AND INDICATOR LIGHTS ELEVATOR SPOILER CONTROL SWITCHES AND SPLRS INOP WARNING LIGHT j T ] SPOILER CONTROL ^ LEVER CONTROL SURFACE TRIM PANEL Items associated with stall protection system are not shown (refer to Figure 10). PILOT'S RUDDER PEDALS EFFECTIVITY 71 Aircraft incorporating SB 600-0452. For spoiler control lever on other A/C, refer to Figure 9. Flight Controls and Associated Instruments Figure 1 SECTION 10 Page 3/4 Feb 12/88 canadair ctiaiiencjer OPERATING MANUAL NO. 1 SYSTEM NO. 3 SYSTEM NO. 2 SYSTEM I ACC 0 TO LANDING GEAR AND BRAKE SYSTEMS LEGEND NO. 1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM I NO. 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM I NO. 3 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Flight Controls Hydraulics Figure 2 SECTION 10 Page 5 May 28/82 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 NOTE Refer to section 4 for stabagmtn panel. PITCH LIGHT Amber PITCH light comes on when proximity sensors detect a jammed control valve or input linkage at the elevator power control units. I SERVOMON PITCH ROLL MON SAFE LIGHT Green MON SAFE fight comes on when ail aileron and rudder PCUs are unpressurized (all hydraulic systems off) and all elevator PCUs are unjammed. ITUryQSTAB AG MTN MACH TRIM Y/D I TEST ON QOFF DISENGA NOTE With hydraulic power off, servo monitor panel lights are as follows: — ROLL light is on —YAW light is on — PITCH light is out -MON SAFE light is on. ROLL AND YAW LIGHTS Amber ROLL and YAW lights come on whenever proximity sensors detect a jammed control valve or hydraulic pressure deficiency at the respective power control units. Servo Monitor Panel SECTION 10 Figure 3 Page 6 Jun 12/86 canadair chaiienQer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 D. Trim Systems (Figure 4) Trim inputs are introduced into the roll and yaw control systems by electrically driven actuators controlled by the AIL TRIM and RUD TRIM switches on the centre pedestal. Pitch trim i s obtained by varying the angle of incidence of the horizontal stabilizer. Signals from the pitch trim switches on the control wheels, from the AFCS and from the stability augmentation system (SAS) are processed by a control unit to operate an electrically driven actuator which applies the required amount of stabilizer deflection. The pitch trim disconnect switch on each control wheel disconnects and brakes the pitch trim actuator in an emergency (refer to Figure 6). E. Control Surface and Trim Position Indicators (Figure 5) Flight control surface positions and trim angles are displayed on indicators located on the centre instrument panel in the flight compartment. A flap position indicator on the copilot's instrument panel displays flap position angles. Inputs to the position indicators are provided by transmitters and trim actuators. F* Gust Locks To provide gust locking for the ailerons and the rudder, a bypass valve is included in each of the rudder PCUs, and a damping valve is included in each of the aileron PCUs. The valves are similar in construction and actuation but operation of the damping valves differs slightly from that of the bypass valves. Gust locking for the elevators is provided by relief valves on the elevator PCUs. (1) Bypass Valves When hydraulic pressure is removed from the PCU, spring force moves the valve spool to the bypass position at which the extend and retract ports of the PCU are interconnected through a restrictor orifice in the bypass valve. At the same time, the retract port of the PCU control valve is blocked. These two actions lock the control surface against the effect of gusts but permit restricted movement of the surface, if a sufficiently large external force i s applied continously. When hydraulic pressure is restored, the valve spool moves back to the non-bypass position. In this position, the retract port of the PCU is connected to the PCU cylinder and normal operation of the control surface i s possible. (2) Damping Valves When hydraulic pressure is removed, spring force moves the valve to the damping position. With the valve in this position, the extend port of the PCU cylinder is connected through a restrictor port in the damping valve to the pressure port of the PCU control valve which is SECTION 10 Page 7 May 28/82 canadair chaiienqer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 RUDDER TRIM CONTROL Control switch sets rudder trim left and right. RUD TRIM OFF (§) OVERSPEED/CHANNEL CHANGE SWfTCH/LIGHT Amber lights indicate pitch trim oveopeed or channel change. Can be used to change from one channel to other for test. Pressing switch/light in conjunction with CHAN 1/ CHAN 2 switch/light actrvsret pitch mm system. PITCH TRIM/® AIL TRIM r—PUSH—i / V^ — ^S OVSP OFF CHANNEL INOPERATIVE SWITCH/LIGHT CHAN 1 INOP CHAN 2 INOP Amber lights indicate failure in respective channel. Pressing switch/light in conjunction with OVSP/ CHANGE CHAN switch/light activates pitch trim system. AILERON TRIM CONTROLS Control switches sets aileron trim up and down. Surface Trim Control Panel Figure 4 SECTION 10 Page 8 Jun 12/86 cacnhaadnaeirn qer OPERATING MANUAL open to the retract port of the PCU cylinder. When the PCU is in this configuration, the aileron is gust locked but is capable of restricted movement when a steady external force is applied to it. When hydraulic pressure is applied, the pressure overcomes the spring force and moves the valve spool to the non-damping position. In the non-damping position, the damping valve connects the extend port of the PCU cylinder to the return port of the PCU control valve and connects the pressure line to the pressure port of the PCU control valve, rendering the PCU operative. (3) Relief Valves The pressure relief valve on each elevator PCU connects the PCU cylinder extend and retract pressure lines. When hydraulic pressure is removed, a spring forces the valve closed. This action gust locks the elevator but allows restricted movement of the surface if a steady external force is applied to it. When hydraulic pressure is applied, the relief valve opens and connects the PCU cylinder extend and retract pressure lines to restore normal operation of the elevator. 2. ROLL CONTROL SYSTEM Roll (lateral) control is achieved by hydraulically powered ailerons which are controlled primarily from conventional column-mounted, horn-type wheels through a system of pulleys, cables, quadrants, push-pull rods, levers and bellcranks. Aileron movement is limited by the operating range of the hydraulically actuated PCUs to which the ailerons are connected, and by mechanical stops on the pilot's and copilot's control wheels. Primary control is supplemented by an electrically actuated trim system. The roll control system incorporates a dual PCU for each aileron, and a dual control system. Normally, both control systems are interconnected by a cross-coupling shaft so that there is simultaneous movement of both ailerons; but it is possible to isolate a jammed aileron control circuit by means of a disconnect mechanism, thereby allowing limited control (one aileron only) through the unjammed circuit (refer to paragraph I.A.). Control wheel movement is transmitted by cable to a pulley located at the base of each control column, then horizontally rearward under the flight compartment floor where each of the twin cable circuits drives one of the two forward quadrants which form a transverse cross-coupling shaft. From the forward quadrants, control cables are routed under the cabin floor to rear quadrants, located in the main landing gear bay, each of which incorporates an artificial feel unit. Output from each rear quadrant is transmitted outboard, by cable, to a PCU input quadrant located outboard in the wing, forward of the rear spar. Each input quadrant has a cable tension regulator and is connected to the input/feedback linkages of the dual PCU through a common linkage. SECTION 10 Page 9 May 28/82 LANDRFLTSPLR Right spoiler up indications. Max 40 degrees 3/4 28 degrees V2 16 degrees V* 5 degrees L AND R ELEVATOR Up/down indications Up 23.6 degrees Down 18.4 degrees canadair ctianenQer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 L AND R AILERON Wing up/down indications Up 21.3 degrees Down 21.3 degrees RUDDER Left/right indications Left 20 degrees Right 20 degrees CONTROL SURFACE POSITION INDICATOR n RUDNLANDNR Nose left (NL)/nose right (NR) indications Left 8.5 degrees Right 8.5 degrees AIL LWD AND RWD /»- Wing up/down indications Up 7.5 degrees Down 7.5 degrees CONTROL SURFACE TRIM POSITION INDICATOR © STAB NUP Nose up (NUP) indications Stabilizer moves from 0 to -9 degrees incidence. Green band indicates take-off (TO) trim range. NOTE If input signals to trim indicator are lost, aileron and rudder pointers move off scale 90 degrees from zero index. Stabilizer pointer moves off scale to a point between scale end points. Control Surface Position and Trim Position Indicators Figure 5 SECTION 10 Page 10 Mar 01/85 canadair chaiienQer OPERATING MANUAL The actuator pistons are connected to the ailerons by jointed toggles, and each actuator is capable of aileron operation should there be a failure associated with the adjacent actuator. Movement of the PCU input/feedback linkage causes movement of the PCU control valve which, in turn, actuates the PCU piston to move the aileron according to control command. Piston movement also repositions the input/feedback linkage to return the PCU control valve to a neutral position thus preventing further movement of the ailerons until a subsequent control signal moves the PCU input/ feedback linkage. Signal inputs from the AFCS are made through the rear quadrant of the right aileron system only. Therefore, should jamming of the right control system occur, the autopilot inputs would not be transmitted to the left aileron system, (refer to SECTION 4, AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM). A. Aileron Trim An electrically driven actuator, located in the main landing gear bay between the rear quadrants, applies a bias to the primary control circuit, when required, by operation of the AIL TRIM switches located on the centre pedestal. The trim actuator is connected to the rear quadrants via push-pull rods and bell cranks. The amount of trim applied to the ailerons is shown on the control surface trim position indicator, located on the left of the centre instrument panel. B. Aileron Control Wheels (Figure 6) The aileron control wheels are horn-type handwheels spline-mounted on the control columns. The wheels are connected by cables to the aileron forward quadrants via pulleys located near the base of the control columns. Each control wheel mounts a pitch trim switch, a pitch trim disconnect switch, an autopilot/stick pusher disconnect switch, an autopilot touch control switch and a radio key. C. Artificial Feel Mechanisms Two artificial feel mechanisms, one at the rear of each rear quadrant, provide the pilots with positive feel of the power-operated control system and act as centering devices. D. Aileron Position Transmitters A position transmitter connected to each aileron transmits aileron position signals to the control surface position indicator on the centre instrument panel (refer to Figure 5). An additional aileron position transmitter, connected to the left aileron, signals aileron position to the stability augmentation computer of the automatic flight control system. The aileron position signals are used to enhance yaw damping during rolling manoeuvres. SECTION 10 Page 11 May 28/82 canatiair ctianencjer OPERATING MANUAL AUTOPILOT/STICK PUSHER DISCONNECT SWITCH Red pushbutton which, when pressed, disengages the autopilot and deactivates the stick pusher. When released, the stick pusher system is immediately reactivated but the autopilot remains disengaged. PITCH TRIM SWITCH Enables the pilot to vary pitch trim according to flight requirement. RADIO KEY Light grey button which, when pressed, switches on the radio transmitter. FRONT VIEW AUTOPILOT TOUCH CONTROL Black button which, when pressed, enables the pilot to manoeuvre the aircraft without disconnecting the autopilot. PITCH TRIM DISCONNECT SWITCH Red button which, when pressed, disconnects the pitch trim system to halt a possible trim malfunction, for example, a runaway trim actuator. REAR VIEW Control Wheel Figure 6 SECTION 10 Page 12 May 28/82 canadair chaiienper OPERATING MANUAL E. Aileron Control Cable Tension Regulator The aileron PCU input quadrant incorporates a cable tension regulator. The tension regulator maintains optimum control cable tension by compensating for changes in tension caused by temperature variations, stretching of the control cables and deflection of the control system components. F. Aileron Flutter Dampers Each aileron i s protected by a single hydraulic flutter damper assembly. The flutter damper consists of a pre-charged hydraulic cylinder containing a double-acting piston. The piston rod i s connected via a shear link to the aileron at the outboard aileron hinge assembly. Flutter damping occurs when hydraulic fluid i s forced from one side of the piston to the other through small-diameter passages. The hydraulic fluid level in the damper can be checked through an integral sight gauge. 3. YAW CONTROL SYSTEM Yaw (directional) control i s achieved by a hydraulically powered rudder, controlled primarily from conventional dual, cross-coupled pedals through a system of push-pull rods, levers, quadrants, cables, pulleys and bellcranks. Rudder movement i s limited by the operating range of the hydraulically actuated rudder PCUs, and by mechanical stops which limit the movement of the control pedals. Primary control is supplemented by an electrically actuated trim system. The yaw control system incorporates three independent, parallel-connected PCUs and a dual control system which includes two anti-jamming mechanisms for isolating or overriding the effects of a jammed circuit, enabling control to be maintained via the intact circuit. The system i s also protected by anti-jam mechanisms built into the PCU input levers, which act to isolate a jammed PCU. Movement of the pedal assembly i s transmitted to forward quadrants by a push-pull rod and lever system which includes a primary feel mechanism and forward anti-jam mechanism. From each forward quadrant, the control signal is transmitted, by cables, along each side of the fuselage, under the cabin floor, to a corresponding rear quadrant in the rear fuselage. The two rear quadrants, located centrally side by side, convey the dual control signal onwards as a single signal, via a secondary feel mechanism, a rear anti-jam mechanism, two load limiters and a trim mixing system, to the input torque tube of the PCUs. The PCU input torque tube incorporates one input and three identical output levers, and each output lever i s connected to the input/feedback linkage, which transmits the control signal to the control valve of the PCU. Operation of the rudder PCUs i s similar to that of the aileron PCUs (refer to paragraph 2 . ). In addition to control inputs from the pedal assembly, inputs from the stability augmentation system of the AFCS are applied to the system throuah two yaw dampers in the trim mixing system (refer to SECTION 4, AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM). SECTION 10 Page 13 May 28/82 canadair ctiaitenQer OPERATING MANUAL Rudder Trim An electrically driven actuator, connected to the rudder PCUs via the trim mixing system, applies a bias to the primary control circuit, when required, by operation of the RUD TRIM control located on the centre pedestal. The amount of trim applied to the rudder is shown on the control surface trim indicator located on the left of the centre instrument panel* Rudder Pedal Assemblies Each rudder pedal is pivot-mounted on its own tubular pedestal which, in turn, is pivot-mounted to lugs on a cross-mounted tube secured to the structure below the flight compartment floor. The pedals are pivot-mounted to enable foot control of the aircraft wheel brake system via control rods, levers and cables. The tubular pedestals are pivot-mounted to convey pilots1 foot movement to the rudder control system. Each set of pedals is provided with a hand-operated adjusting mechanism to cater for the individual requirements of pilots. The right-hand set of pedals incorporates the primary artificial feel mechanism which consists of a simple cam-follower-spring device. Anti-Jam Mechanisms The two forward anti-jam mechanisms, one located adjacent to each forward quadrant under the flight compartment floor, and one rear anti-jam mechanism, located adjacent to the rear quadrants in the rear fuselage, operate to nullify the effects of a jammed cable circuit. Normally, with both cable circuits unrestricted, the rear anti-jam mechanism acts as a summing device so that movement of the rear quadrants, though in opposite directions, is summed to produce twice the output movement of one quadrant. If one rear quadrant cannot move because of a jammed condition in the cable circuit, the forward anti-jam mechanisms alter the pivot points of the forward quadrants to produce twice the normal movement of one rear quadrant and thereby maintain normal pedal/rudder movement ratio. The anti-jam mechanism on each rudder PCU acts as a push/pull rod for the PCU input linkage during normal operation. If the input linkage cannot move because of a jam in the PCU, the anti-jam mechanism breaks out to isolate the defective PCU from the system. The remaining PCUs continue to operate the rudder. Artificial Feel Mechanisms Two artificial feel mechanisms are included in the yaw control system. A primary mechanism, incorporated into the copilot's pedal assembly, provides both pilots with positive feel of the power-operated system and acts as a centering device for the system. A secondary mechanism, included in the rear linkage, caters for control system backlash in addition to providing feel and acting as a centering device. SECTION 10 Page 14 May 28/82 cacnhaadiiaeinr cjer OPERATING MANUAL E. Rudder Position Transmitter A position transmitter, located at the bottom rudder hinge, transmits rudder position signals continuously, over the full range of travel, to the control surface position indicator on the left of the centre instrument panel. 4. PITCH CONTROL SYSTEM Pitch (longitudinal) control is achieved primarily by two independent, hydraulically powered elevators which are hinge-mounted to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. Elevator movement is controlled from conventional control columns through a dual system of pulleys, cables, quadrants, push-pull rods, levers and bellcranks. Elevator movement is limited by the operating range of the hydraulically actuated PCUs and by mechanical stops which limit the movement of the control columns. Primary control is supplemented by an electrically actuated trim system which varies the angle of incidence of the horizontal stabilizer, and is operated via a trim control unit, from switches mounted on the pilot's and copilotfs control wheels. The pitch control system incorporates two parallel-connected PCUs for each elevator, and a dual control system. Normally, both control systems are interconnected via the control column transverse coupling shaft so that there is simultaneous movement of both elevators, but i t is possible to isolate a jammed circuit by means of a disconnect mechanism, thereby providing limited pitch control (one elevator only) through the remaining circuit (refer to paragraph I.A.). Anti-jam mechanisms are included in each of the PCU input rod linkages. Control column movement is transmitted to forward quadrants by push-pull rods. From each forward quadrant, control signals are conveyed by cables along each side of the fuselage below the cabin floor to the respective rear quadrant mounted on the rear face of the vertical stabilizer forward spar. Ouput from each rear quadrant is transmitted, by push-pull rods, to a gain change mechanism and to an artificial feel unit. From the gain change mechanism, the control signal is transmitted to the PCU input tube via a load limiter, bellcranks and push-pull rods. The PCU input tube incorporates one input and two identical output levers, and each of the output levers is connected to the input/feedback linkage of the PCU, transmitting the control signal to the control valve of the PCU. Operation of the elevator PCUs is similar to that of the aileron PCUs (refer to paragraph 2.). Signal inputs from the AFCS are made through the rear quadrant of the left elevator control system only. Therefore, should jamming of the left cable circuit occur, the autopilot inputs would no longer be available to the elevator system. SECTION 10 Page 15 May 28/82 canadair chaiiencjer OPERATING MANUAL A. Horizontal Stabilizer The aircraft is trimmed in pitch by varying the horizontal stabilizer angle of incidence. Trim commands from the pilot's or copilot's control wheel switches, the AFCS and the SAS, processed by a trim control unit, operate the electrically driven stabilizer actuator. In order to enhance the longitudinal trim movement, the movement of the horizontal stabilizer is accompanied throughout its range of operation by a degree of elevator movement that alters the stabilizer/elevator camber. The geometry is such that an elevator servo input is generated as the horizontal stabilizer is moved, the servo input being sufficient to produce the required elevator deflection. The electrically driven screw actuator, located at the top of the vertical stabilizer, varies the horizontal stabilizer angle of incidence. The actuator is driven by two electric motors directly connected to the drive train each containing a high and low speed winding. Manual trim commands from the pitch trim switches on the control wheels produce a steady rate of stabilizer movement of one-half degree per second. Depending on flap position, the autopilot commands variable high or low trim rates of 0.1 to 0.5 degrees per second and 0.01 to 0.1 degrees per second respectively. Mach trim commands produce a variable rate of stabilizer movement between 0.01 and 0.1 degrees per second. Each of the electric motors driving the trim actuator is protected against overspeed by a dual coil brake. The control unit, located in the avionics bay, controls the rate and direction of movement of the actuator. The unit consists of two independent channels and operates from two power busses so that electrical failure on one bus does not preclude operation of the stabilizer trim. A pilot reset capability allows channel transfer at the pilot's option. The system normally operates on channel No. 1, with channel No. 2 performing only a monitoring function. Should a failure occur within a controller channel or its associated motor, the control unit automatically signals that the channel is inoperative and transfers to the backup channel. In the event of an overspeed condition, the control unit removes power from the drive motor, operates the brake in the actuator and provides a shutdown signal to the pilot. Two trim position sensors on the actuator send signals to the control unit. One sensor supplies the AFCS with stabilizer angle data and the second is connected to the flight recorder. Both position sensors provide travel limit signals for the control unit. Stabilizer trim position is also an input to the take-off configuration warning system. A third position sensor, located on the stabilizer rear spar, supplies position signals to the control surface trim position indicator on the centre instrument panel. SECTION 10 Page 16 May 28/82 cacnhaadnaeinr cjer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 A panel mounted on the centre pedestal has two ganged amber switch/lights, CHAN 1 INOP and CHAN 2 INOP, that indicate failures in their respective pitch trim control unit channel (refer to Figure 4). Normally, channel No. 1 is engaged and both switch/lights are out. A combined overspeed/channel change switch/light, OVSP CHANGE CHAN, is also located on the panel. For test purposes, this switch/light can be used tc change the system from one channel to the other. Pitch trim is activated by first pressing the CHAN 1 INOP/CHAN 2 INOP switch/lights and then the OVSP CHANGE CHAN switch/light on the centre pedestal control panel. Commands from the pilot's trim switch override those from the copilot's trim switch, the AFCS and the SAS. Commands from the copilot's trim switch override only those from the AFCS and the SAS. The pilots' control wheels each have a red disconnect button, PITCH TRIM DISC, which can be pressed to remove power from the system and brake the actuator (refer to Figure 6). Re-engagement of the trim system is accomplished by again pressing the CHAN 1 INOP/CHAN 2 INOP switch/light and then the OVSP CHANGE CHAN switch. Control Columns The pilot's and copilot's control columns each consist of a conventional tubular column mounted vertically in a housing. A push-pull rod connected at the rear of the column base transmits column movement to the pitch control system. A control column shaker, which is a component part of the stall protection system, is mounted on the column. Gain Change Mechanisms The two independent gain change mechanisms consist of bell cranks and push-pull rods. The mechanisms are located side by side in the vertical stabilizer between the rear quadrants and the PCU input linkages, and are identical in form and function. The purpose of the gain change mechanisms is to convert the rotational input from the rear quadrants into linear output in such a way as to ensure that the rate of elevator movement increases as the control column is moved from neutral to provide the required control response. Artificial Feel Mechanisms Two artificial feel mechanisms, one for each elevator, provide the pilots with positive feel of the power-operated systems and act as centering devices for the systems. Each unit consists of a main feel cam and follower, a primary spring box and a secondary spring box. The primary and secondary spring boxes load the feel mechanism cam follower, and feel rate is achieved by movement of the cam follower along the cam profile. The load exerted by the primary spring box depends on the position (angle of incidence) of the horizontal stabilizer which varies according to manual or automatic trim commands. The secondary spring box SECTION 10 Page 17 Jun 12/86 canadair chauenqier OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 is designed so that its contribution to feel force is released when the control column input exceeds a predetermined load, ensuring a reduced feel force when rapid control column movement is required. E. Anti-Jam Mechanisms The elevator anti-jam mechanisms act normally as push/pull rods for the PCU input rod linkages* If a PCU input linkage cannot move because of a jam in the PCU, the mechanism breaks out to isolate the defective PCU from the system. The other PCU continues to operate the affected elevator. When the mechanism breaks out, a proximity sensor is deactivated and the amber PITCH light on the SERVO MONITOR panel comes on (refer to Figure 3). F. Elevator Position Transmitter A position transmitter, located on the rear spar of the horizontal stabilizer, transmits elevator position signals continuously, over the full range of travel, to the control surface position indicator on the l e f t of the centre instrument panel. G. Elevator Flutter Dampers Each elevator is protected against aerodynamic flutter by two flutter damper assemblies. Each damper consists of a pre-charged hydraulic cylinder containing a double-acting piston. Flutter damping occurs when loads are placed on the piston rod forcing hydraulic fluid from one side of the piston to the other through small-diameter passages. The dampers connect with the elevator immediately outboard and inboard of the elevator centre hinge. The hydraulic fluid level in each damper can be checked through an integral sight gauge. 5. WING FLAP SYSTEM (Figures 7 and 8) The flap system consists of externally hinged inboard and outboard doubleslotted flap panels mounted on the trailing edge of each wing. The panels are electrically driven by a power drive unit (PDU) located in the main landing gear bay* The motor action of the PDU is translated to eight actuators, two to each flap panel, by flexible shaft assemblies. An a symmetry/over speed detector and brake unit is incorporated in each flap drive system. The outboard flaps have fixed leading edge vanes and the inboard flaps have movable leading edge vanes which automatically extend or retract as the flaps are lowered or raised. Each of the three hinges of the outboard flaps incorporates a spring actuator which is connected by a rod to a bent up trailing edge (BUTE) door hinged on the lower surface of the wing. Rollers on the BUTE doors are kept in contact with cam-shaped fittings attached to the vane and, as the flaps are lowered or raised, the movement of the BUTE doors is governed by the cam profile. When the flaps are fully down, the BUTE doors take up a raised position to direct airflow over the vane and flap assemblies. SECTION 10 Page 18 May 28/82 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 ROTARY SWITCH FLAP LEVER QUADRANT n FLAP LEADING EDGE \ VANE (INBOARD) Wing Flap System Components Figure 7 SECTION 10 Page 19/20 Feb 12/88 canadair chauenQer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 The flaps are extended or retracted in response to command signals from by the FLAPS control lever located on the centre pedestal. Flap position is set by feel detents on the flaps control lever quadrant. Four positions are provided corresponding to the following operating modes: Flight/taxiing 0 degrees Take-off 20 degrees Approach 30 degrees Landing 45 degrees The signals are fed to the PDU via the flap control unit. If the control unit logic detects an anomaly such as flap asymmetry or overspeed, power is removed, causing the PDU motor brakes and the asymmetry/overspeed detector brakes to stop the system. When a system fault is detected, a signal is transmitted to the warning system and a flap fail amber light, FLAPS FAIL, comes on above the flap position indicator located on the copilot's instrument panel. A. Flap Control Unit The flap control unit (FCU) is located in the underfloor avionics bay and is powered from dc bus No. 1 and dc bus No. 2. Although two power supplies are provided, only one is necessary to operate the unit. The function of the unit is to assess the flap extend/retract commands received from the FLAPS control lever and provide the correct activating signal to the PDU. Once a selected flap angle is reached, the flaps are locked in position by the PDU motor brakes and the asymmetry/overspeed detector brake units. The FCU also signals the aural warning unit (refer to Section 3) to initiate the following aural warnings: A wailer, when the airspeed is too great for the flap position selected. An intermittent horn, when the take-off configuration is incorrect (aircraft on ground, either throttle lever set beyond HIGH IDLE and flaps set to any position other than 20 degrees). A horn, when flaps are set to more than 30 degrees with the landing gear up. B. Power Drive Unit The PDU, located in the main landing gear bay at the aircraft centreline, has a dual output shaft which is coupled to the left and right side flap flexible drives. The two PDU motors are coupled to a mechanical differential which drives the output shaft through a clutch and an output gear train. With power applied to the PDU, the motor brakes are released and the motor shafts rotate to drive the internal gear train to provide SECTION 10 Page 21 Mar 01/85 cacnftaadnaeinr qer OPERATING MANUAL PDU MOTOR OVERHEAT LIGHTS Amber light comes on to indicate »n overheat condition in the associated POU motor FLAP FAIL LIGHT Amber light comes on to indicate a flap asymmetry or speed response fault. FLAP CONTROL LEVEL Lever is guarded to its full height to obviate inadvertent operation. Lever quadrant is marked with the four flight modes: Flight/Taxiing 0 degrees Take-off 20 degrees Approach 30 degrees Landing 45 degrees each mode corresponding with a detented position of the lever. FLAPS FAIL 1 OVHT I MOT 1 OVHT j 1 MOT 2 |i FLAP POSITION INDICATOR Provides a continuous angular indication of the flaps over their operating range. Wing Flap Controls and Indication SECTION 10 Figure 8 Page 22 May 28/82 cacnhaadnaeinr qer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 driving torque for the flexible shaft assemblies and actuators. When the selected flap position is reached, the FCU responds to a PDU potentiometer signal and opens a relay to de-energize the motors and apply the motor brakes. If power to one of the PDU motors fails, the associated brake is automatically applied, locking PDU input to the differential and the second motor continues to operate the system at half speed. In the event of overheating of a PDU motor, thermal switches de-energize the applicable motor and an amber overheat light, OVHT MOT 1 or OVHT MOT 2, comes on above the flap position indicator. The thermal switches reset once the overheat condition has passed. Flap Actuators Eight flap actuators are located on the flap hinge attachment fittings, two actuators to each flap. The actuators are of the linear mechanical type and consist of a housing assembly, worm and helical gears and a ball screw assembly with a ball nut extension tube. Adapters for attachment of the flexible shafts are provided. The flap is connected to a gimbdl block attached to the ball nut. Two different gear reductions are used to achieve a uniform movement of both flaps with respect to the swept wing configuration. Flexible Shaft Drive Assemblies The flap drives, one to each wing, are located along the rear and auxiliary spars in the wing trailing edge. The drives are in the form of two flexible shafts, each made up of five segments connected from the PDU to the four actuators and to the asymmetry/overspeed detector and brake assembly in each wing. Asymmetry/Overspeed Detector and Brake Assemblies These components are located adjacent to the rear spar between the outboard flap and aileron of each wing and are coupled by a segment of the flexible shafts to the outboard actuators. The function of these assemblies is to transmit signals to the FCU to provide positive braking action to the flaps in the event of asymmetric movement of the left and right flaps, or overspeed. Flap Position Transmitters Two flap position transmitters are provided, one each on the left and right inboard flap assemblies at the respective inboard hinge boxes. Both transmitters send flap position signals to the stall protection system computer (refer to paragraph 7.B.). A flap position potentiometer is contained in the right flap position transmitter only. The potentiometer transmits flap position signals to the flap position indicator on the copilot's instrument panel (refer to Figure 8). SECTION 10 Page 23 Mar 01/85 canadair chaiienQer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 GROUND SPOILER DEPLOYED INDICATION Amber lights come on when ground spoilers are at any position other than fully retracted. On aircraft that do not incorporate Canadair Service Bulletin 600-0368, lights do not function if GROUND SPOILER spoiler switch is OFF. FLIGHT SPOILER DEPLOYED INDICATION Amber lights come on steady when flight spoilers are at any position other than fully retracted. Lights come on flashing and aural warning horn sounds if flight spoilers are deployed and either engine is operating at an N1 rpm above 79%. On aircraft not incorporating Canadair Service Bulletin 600-0385, lights come on steady only, and only when flight spoilers are at any position other than fully retracted. SPOILER CONTROL LEVER To deploy flight spoilers lever may be moved rearwards to any one of eight detented positions according to flight path requirement until MAX position stop gate is reached. On aircraft that do not incorporate Canadair Service Bulletin 600-0452, ground spoilers are selected by pressing the button on top of lever then lifting lever over stop gate to EXTEND position. FLIGHT SPOILERS LEFT AND RIGHT INDICATION Green lights come on when flight spoilers are extended beyond one-half position. GROUND SPOILERS SWITCH Three position toggle switch. ON - Ground spoilers are armed and deploy if deploy conditions are met (refer to paragraph 6.B.). OFF - Ground spoilers are disarmed and cannot be deployed. TEST - LH and RH GND SPLR and SPLR INOP lights come on to indicate correct operation of ground spoiler control system. GROUND SPOILER INOP LIGHT Amber light comes on if spoiler control unit detects fault in ground spoiler hydraulic selector valves. SB 600-0452 NOT INCORPORATED © Spoiler Controls and Figure 9 Indication SECTION 10 Page 24 Feb 12/88 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 SPOILER SYSTEM (Figure 9) Wing lift modulation is achieved by the operation of flight and ground spoilers. The flight spoilers may be extended to any position, between 0 and MAX FULL, as required for the intended flight path. The ground spoilers have only two positions, fully retracted during flight or fully deployed when the aircraft touches down, to assist other braking systems by dumping lift and increasing drag. A. Flight Spoilers The flight spoilers are two hydraulically powered panels, one hinged to each wing trailing edge upper surface, in the area of the outboard flaps, and are controlled mechanically through pilot movement of a lever on the centre pedestal. Each panel is powered by two hydraulically independent PCUs secured to the wing auxiliary spar. Each PCU is independently connected to its spoiler and is capable of spoiler operation should the adjacent PCU fail either mechanically or hydraulically. The spoiler control lever is connected to the PCUs via a push-pull rod, pulley, cable and lever system. The spoilers are fully retracted when the lever is in the fully forward position; this provides natural control, similar to throttle lever movement, in that rearward movement of the spoiler control lever deploys the flight spoilers and retards the aircraft. Lever positions, when selected, are held by a serrated plate and plunger mechanism. The lever is gated at the fully deployed position to prevent inadvertent movement into the ground spoiler arming area. A position transmitter, located inboard of the PCUs of each flight spoiler, transmits position signals to the control surface position indicator on the centre instrument panel. A proximity sensor switch, located between the PCUs at each spoiler, senses spoiler position (retracted or extended) and transmits a signal to amber LH FLT SPLR and RH FLT SPLR lights on the glareshield which come on when the spoilers are not in the fully retracted position. On airplanes which incorporate Canadair Service Bulletin 600-0385, the LH FLT SPLR and RH FLT SPLR lights come on flashing and the take-off configuration aural warning horn sounds if the flight spoilers are deployed and either engine is operating at an Nl rpm above 79%. A detent mechanism on both of the spoiler wing circuits prevents unacceptable spoiler asymmetry if a controlex cable disconnects. If a cable disconnect occurs, the detent mechanism closes the affected spoiler when the spoilers are less than one-half extended or retracts it to the one-half extended position when the spoilers are more than one-half extended. Microswitches on each detent mechanism cause the LEFT and RIGHT FLIGHT SPOILERS lights on the centre pedestal to come on when the flight spoilers are more than one-half extended. Operation of the lights indicates that the flight spoiler detent mechanism is serviceable and that blowback protection in an asymmetrical spoiler condition has been reset to the one-half extended position. SECTION 10 Page 25 Mar 01/85 canadair ctiaHencjer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 NOTE ^ 1 \ On airplanes 1051 and subsequent which have this panel, the power switch is placarded PUSHER. PILOT'S STALL PROTECTION TEST PANEL I STALL I 11 PUSH I »1 STICK ^ INDICA (IF INS" PUSHER TORS TALLED) C ALT COMP FAIL • ALTIT w SYSTI LIGHT UDE COMPENSATION EM FAILURE WARNING S (IF INSTALLED) < STALL PROTECT FAIL *M STALl ^ FAILU LIGHT STALL PROTECTION PUSHER 0N V—''OFF G SWITCH TEST TEST ( S ) OFF (©) OR STALL PROTECTION G SWITCH TEST TEST (H) OFF (S) OFF SPS TEST INDICATORS COPILOT'S STALL PROTECTION TEST PANEL Stall Protection System Controls and Indication Figure 10 SECTION 10 Page 26 Mar 01/85 cacnhaadiiaeinr per OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 B. Ground Spoilers The ground spoilers are two hydraulically powered panels, one hinged to the wing trailing edge upper surface each side, in the area of the inboard flaps, and are controlled electrically. Each panel is powered by one actuator secured to the wing auxiliary spar. On aircraft incorporating Canadair SB 600-0452, the ground spoilers deploy automatically if a weight-on-wheels or wheel spin-up signal is present, the GROUND SPOILERS switch is in the ON position and either of the following two conditions have been met: The spoiler control lever is at the 0 position or between the 0 and 1/4 positions and both throttle levers have been advanced above HI IDLE and then returned to the HI IDLE position or lower. The spoiler control lever is between the 1/4 and MAX positions and both throttle levers are at the HI IDLE position or lower. A spoiler control unit in the underfloor avionic bay monitors weight-on-wheels and wheel spin-up signals, throttle lever position, GROUND SPOILERS switch position and the position of the two valves in the dual hydraulic selector valve. When all of the conditions for ground spoiler deployment have been met, the control unit energizes solenoids on the hydraulic selector valves. The valves then open, hydraulic pressure is applied at the ground spoiler actuators, the actuators unlock and the spoilers are powered to the extended position. If the spoiler control unit detects a difference in the positions of the hydraulic selector valves, the SPLRS INOP light comes on, electrical power is removed from the selector valve solenoids and the ground spoilers, if extended, close and lock. The SPLRS INOP light also comes on and the ground spoilers retract if the throttle levers are set to difference positions after the ground spoilers deploy. LH and RH GND SPLR lights on the glareshield come on when a proximity switch near the associated spoiler centre hinge senses that the spoiler is at any position other than fully closed. The ground spoiler system is tested by setting the spoiler control lever to 0 and the GROUND SPOILERS switch to TEST. After a 2 second delay, the following indications verify that the system is operating correctly: The LH and RH GND SPLR lights come on for 4 seconds. The SPLRS INOP light comes on immediately the LH and RH GND SPLR lights go out. All lights go out when the GROUND SPOILERS switch is moved from the TEST position. SECTION 10 Page 27 Jun 12/86 cacnhaadllaeinr ger OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 STALL PUSH O STALL PROTECT FAIL © COMP FAIL RED SECTOR YELLOW SECTOR STALL/PUSH LIGHTS (IF INSTALLED) Red lights flash when angle of attack reaches stick pusher trip point. STALL PROTECT FAIL WARNING LIGHTS Red warning lights flash in the following cases: —To indicate a system fault (refer to paragraph 7JLfor fault conditions). —Whenever one of the AP/SP DISC buttons on the control wheels is pressed. —During system test. Lights come on steady when power is removed from system. ALT COMP FAIL LIGHTS BLUE SECTOR Red lights come on if one or both altitude signals to SPS computer are lost or if 2000 foot difference between them is detected. 15,000 foot angle of attack trip points are applicable when lights are on. SPS TEST INDICATORS Colored sectors on indicator provide references for stall warning/stick pusher sequence during system test (refer to paragraph I.). Indicator is not calibrated to provide in-flight angle of attack indication or approach speed reference. Stall Protection System Indicators Figure 11 SECTION 10 Page 28 Mar 01/85 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 I On aircraft that do not incorporate Canadair SB 600-0452, ground spoiler operation occurs only when all the following conditions exist: The GROUND SPOILERS switch is in the ON position. The spoiler control lever is moved up and rearward through the stop gate to the EXTEND position. The left throttle lever is in the HIGH IDLE position or lower. A weight-on-wheels (WOW) or spin-up signal is present. A spoiler control unit located in the underfloor avionics bay receives signals from the control lever, throttle lever and landing gear switches and, when a signal is received concurrently from all three sources, the control unit transmits a signal to the ground spoiler manifold solenoid valves causing actuator operation for spoiler deployment. A proximity sensor switch, located near the centre hinge, senses spciler position (retracted or extended) and transmits a signal to the spoiler control unit which, in turn, transmits a signal to amber LH GND SPLR and RH GND SPLR lights on the glareshield which come on when the ground spoilers are deployed. A SPLRS INOP amber light on the centre pedestal, adjacent to the control lever, comes on if the ground spoilers fail to deploy (refer to Figure 9). The ground spoiler control system is tested by setting the GROUND SPOILERS switch to TEST. After a 2 second delay the following indications verify that the system is operating correctly: The LH and RH GND SPLR lights come on for 3 seconds. The SPLRS INOP light comes on immediately the LH and RH GND SPLR lights go out. All lights go out when the GROUND SPOILERS switch is moved from the TEST position. 7. STALL PROTECTION SYSTEM (Figures 10, 11 and 12) The stall protection system senses the aircraft angle of attack, provides the flight crew with a visual and tactile warning of an impending stall and, if no corrective action is taken, prevents flight into the stalled condition by activating a stick pusher mechanism. The system consists of the following principal components: Two trailing vane type angle-of-attack transducers A dual-channel stall protection computer SECTION 10 Page 29 Jun 12/86 cacnhaadiiaeinr per OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 Two altitude transducers Two lateral accelerometers Two flap position transmitters Two stick shakers A stick pusher subsystem Stall protection system test indicators System warning lights and test switches An aural warning horn (warbler) NOTE: Some aircraft are fitted with a version of the stall protection system that does not have the altitude compensation feature. These aircraft do not have altitude transducers or altitude compensation failure warning lights and have stall margin indicators fitted in place of stall protection system test indicators (refer to paragraph J.). When a dangerously high angle of attack is approached, the stall protection computer applies continuous ignition to the engines and, if the angle of attack is increased, activates the stick shakers to generate a stall warning in the form of a mechanical vibration of the control columns. If the stall warning occurs when the flaps are at the 45-degree position, an additional stall warning is provided by the FAST/SLOW pointers on the pilot's and copilot's attitude director indicators (refer to SECTION 11, FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS). If the aircraft angle of attack continues to increase to the stick pusher trip point, the aural warning horn sounds and the stick pusher subsystem forces the control columns forward to effect recovery from the impending stall. When the aircraft angle of attack has decreased to a preset point below the pusher trip point, the aural warning horn stops and the stick pusher is deactivated. The stick shakers and continuous ignition switch off automatically when the aircraft angle of attack decreases through their respective trip points. If installed, the red STALL/PUSH lights flash whenever the aural warning horn and stick pusher are operating (refer to Figure 11). If the autopilot is engaged when the aircraft approaches the stall, it is automatically disengaged on a signal from the stall protection computer when the aircraft angle of attack reaches the stick shaker trip point. A. Angle-of-Attack Transducers There are two angle-of-attack transducers, one on each side of the forward fuselage. Each transducer consists of an externally mounted trailing vane assembly connected by a shaft to an internally mounted potentiometer. The trailing vane is calibrated in terms of slipstream angle of attack around a fuselage datum and, as it is moved around this datum by the local airflow, the transducer potentiometer produces a dc electrical signal, the voltage of which varies in proportion to the aircraft angle of attack. The signals SECTION 10 Page 30 Jun 12/86 cacnhaadiiaeinr cier OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 from the left and right angle-of-attack transducers are transmitted, respectively, to the left and right channels of the stall protection computer. The transducer trailing vanes are protected against ice by built-in heater elements controlled from the ADS heater control panel (refer to SECTION 14, ICE/RAIN PROTECTION). Stall Protection Computer The stall protection computer, located on the left side of the underfloor avionics bay, is divided into two identical and independent (left and right) channels. Each channel uses inputs from its associated angle of attack transducer, altitude transducer, lateral accelerometer and flap position transmitter to compute angle-of-attack trip points for auto-ignition, stick shaker operation, aural warning and stick push. If the angle of attack increases at a rate greater than one degree per second, the computer lowers the angle-of-attack trip points for the various system functions. This action prevents the aircraft's momentum in the pitching plane from carrying it through the stall warning/stick pusher sequence into the stall. The two altitude transducers are located in the avionics bay under the flight compartment and provide altitude signals to the associated left and right sides of the stall protection computer. The transducers are connected to the left and right static systems via static source selectors on the pilot's and copilot's side panels (refer to SECTION 11, FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS for details of the pi tot/static system). As the altitude transducers signal an increase in altitude between 2000 and 15,000 feet, the computer progressively lowers the angle-of-attack trip points for the stick shaker and pusher. Below 2000 feet and above 15,000 feet, the trip points are constant. If one or both of the altitude signals is lost or if the difference between signals exceeds 2000 feet, the computer automatically applies the trip points associated with the 15,000 foot altitude and the ALT COMP FAIL lights on the glareshield come on. The two lateral accelerometers in the underfloor avionic bay monitor skid or sideslip and signal the corresponding channel of the computer. Each of the computer channels uses the signals to generate compensated angle-of-attack values produced by manoeuvres involving skid or sideslip. The compensated angles insure that adequate stall protection is provided during uncoordinated flight. The trip points are also lowered progressively, on signals from the two flap position transmitters, as the flaps move through the 0-, 20-, 30- and 45-degree positions. If one or both of the flap position signals are lost, the computer automatically applies the stick shaker, continuous ignition and stick pusher trip points associated with the next higher flap setting. The weight-on-wheels inputs from the landing gear control unit enable the computer to disable the stick shakers and pusher and the system failure warning lights while the aircraft is on the ground, except during system SECTION 10 Page 31 Jun 12/86 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 test. If there is a failure in the weight-on-wheels signal to one of the computer channels, the flashing STALL PROTECT FAIL light associated with the channel comes on. To prevent inadvertent operation of the stick pusher due to a failure in one of the computer channels, the computer does not command a stick push unless both of the computer channels signal a stick push simultaneously. Each of the computer channels transmits an angle-of-attack signal to the associated attitude director indicator to drive the instrument's speed command display when the flaps are at 45 degrees. In-flight gust filtering is provided by the system. Stall Protection System Monitoring The stall protection computer monitors the operation of the system for possible mechanical defects in the angle-of-attack transducers and faults in the electrical circuitry between the transducers, the lateral accelerometers and the computer. The computer compares the sideslip compensated signals from its left and right channels and, if they are found to differ in magnitude by a preset amount (within preset lateral acceleration limits), both of the flashing STALL PROTECT FAIL lights come on. The computer also causes the lights to come on if it detects a difference in the signals from the lateral accelerometers. Stick Shakers There are two stick shakers, one each on the pilot's and the copilot's control columns. Each shaker is a dc electric motor driving an eccentric weight. The shakers operate independently of each other and are powered by signals from the stick shaker circuits of their respective stall protection computer channels. When the aircraft angle of attack reaches the shaker trip point, the shaker vibration starts and, if the angle of attack continues to increase, becomes a continuous vibration at the stick pusher trip point. The noise of the stick shakers as they are operating is sufficiently loud to constitute an aural warning of shaker operation. Stick Pusher Subsystem The stick pusher consists of a rotary actuator driven by a dc electric motor which operates a capstan connected by cables to the right elevator control quadrant. The pusher has an electronic control box with logic circuits so arranged that pusher signals must be transmitted simultaneously from both channels of the stall protection computer before a stick push can be initiated. If this condition is met, the stick push signals are amplified and sent via the pusher main power switch to the motor in the rotary actuator. At the same time, the signal from the right channel of the stall protection computer energizes the solenoid on an electromagnetic clutch in the motor drive. The clutch allows the motor to drive the capstan through a torque limiter so that an 80-pound forward push is SECTION 10 Page 32 Jun 12/86 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 exerted on the control columns. If installed, the red STALL/PUSH lights flash whenever the stall protection system computer commands a stick push. In order to prevent the aircraft from flying into a low or negative-g condition during the stick push, two accelerometer switches in series with the clutch of the rotary actuator motor disconnect the pusher drive, if the aircraft reaches 0-5 g during the pitching manoeuvre induced by the stick push. One of these switches can be tested using the G SWITCH TEST switch on the copilot's facia panel (refer to paragraph 7.1.). At any time, the pilot or copilot can stop the stick pusher and disconnect the autopilot by pressing and holding the AP/SP DISC switch installed on the left horn of each control wheel (refer to Figure 6). The stick pusher is capable of operating immediately when the switch is released. The stick pusher can be deactivated by opening the system circuit breakers on the battery bus and dc essential bus circuit breaker panels or by setting either the pilot's or copilot's PUSHER switch to OFF. The stick pusher electronic control box contains monitoring circuits capable of detecting a failure in the pusher circuits, failure of the pusher power supplies or power amplifiers and loss of either of the signals from the two channels of the stall protection computer. If any of these failures occurs, the monitoring circuits cause the flashing STALL PROTECT FAIL lights to come on. To prevent spurious warnings, the warning signals are subject to a 3-second delay before they can generate a flight compartment warning. On FAA certified aircraft, POWER and PUSHER toggle switches are located, respectively, on the pilot1s and copilot's STALL PROTECTION panels. Power is supplied to the stick pusher system (from the battery bus) only when both of the switches are set to ON (refer to Figure 14). Stall Protection System Test Indicators Two stall protection test indicators, located on the pilot's and copilot's side panels, are driven by angle of attack signals from the left and right channels of the stall protection computer. Each instrument provides a reference indication during testing of the stall protection system but is not calibrated for secondary use as an angle-of-attack indicator or approach speed reference (refer to paragraph I. for details of system testing). The indicators have a 5-volt ac lighting system which is part of the integral lighting system. Aural Warning Horn The stall protection system aural warning horn sounds whenever one of the two channels of the stall protection computer signals that the aircraft angle of attack has reached the stick pusher trip point. Normally, the sounding of the horn warns the flight crew of the stick pusher operation but, if there is a loss of the signal from one of the channels of the stall protection computer, the sounding of the horn indicates that flight crew action is required to avoid the stall. SECTION 10 Page 33 Oun 12/86 canadair chauenqer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 PILOTS STALL PROTECTION TEST SWITCH Spring-loaded toggle switch. Holding switch on activates self-testing of stall protection system. During test, simulated approach to stall is observed as pointer of left SPS TEST INDICATOR moves from the blue to the red sector. If flaps are set at 45 degrees, speed command pointer on associated ADI moves from fast to slow, reaching full scale deflection at stick shaker trip point. Stick pusher can be checked only whe pilot's and copilot's TEST switches are held on simultaneously. NOTE Stick pusher can only be tested on the ground; all other tests can be conducted on the ground or in flight. COPILOTS STALL PROTECTION TEST SWITCH Spring-loaded toggle switch. Holding switch on activates test of right side of system. Test is identical to test of left side of system activated by pilot's TEST switch except that right stick shaker operates and ALT COMP FAIL lights do not come on. G SWITCH TEST SWITCH Spring-loaded toggle switch tests operation of one of the accelerometer switches on stick pusher actuator. During stick pusher test, correct operation of accelerometer switch is indicated if stick pusher is immediately de-energized when G SWITCH TEST switch is set to TEST. STALL ^ PROTECTION ^ G SWITCH TEST TEST ^ Stall Protection System Panels SECTION 10 Figure 12 (Sheet 1) Page 34 Mar 01/85 OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 STICK PUSHER SYSTEM SWITCHES Two position toggle switches wired in series between stick pusher actuator and battery bus. When both switches are set to ON, power is available for stick pusher operation. If one switch is OFF, stick pusher cannot operate and both STALL PROTECTION FAIL lights come on steady. NOTE On some airplanes fitted with pusher system switches, the pilot's switch is placarded PUSHER. »"^riSr*r*u SECTION 10 Page 35 Mar 01/85 canadair chauenQer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 Failure Warning Lights Two red STALL PROTECT FAIL lights are located on the left and right sides of the glareshield in the flight compartment. The lights come on flashing to warn the flight crew of any of the following system faults: Loss of power to the stall protection computer. If only one channel is affected, only the light associated with that channel comes on. Failure of the stick shaker or stick pusher circuits in the stall protection computer Failure of one or both of the angle-of-attack transducers A difference in the skid and sideslip compensated signals from the angle-of-attack transducers (refer to paragraph 7.C.) A difference in the signals from the lateral accelerometers (refer to paragraph 7.C.) Loss of the weight-on-wheels signal to the stall protection computer in the flight mode A failure in the electrical circuits of the stick pusher subsystem. The lights also come on whenever one of the AP/SP DISC buttons on the control wheels is pressed, and during the system test (refer to paragraph 7.1.). The lights come on steady whenever the system circuit breakers on the battery bus and dc essential bus circuit breaker panels are opened. System Test Switches (Figure 12) Two spring-loaded toggle switches placarded STALL PROTECTION TEST and located, respectively, on the pilot's and copilot's facia panels are used to activate the self-test feature of the stall protection system. An additional switch on the copilot's facia panel, G SWITCH TEST, is used to test one of the acceleration switches in the stick pusher subsystem. If the pilot's STALL PROTECTION TEST switch is held to TEST, the correct operation of the system is indicated by the following sequence: The two ALT COMP FAIL lights come on steady and remain on for the entire test sequence. The pointer of the pilot's SPS TEST INDICATOR first moves clockwise then counterclockwise into the blue sector. The two STALL PROTECT FAIL lights come on flashing when the pointer of the SPS TEST INDICATOR starts moving clockwise. During the test sequence the lights go out briefly then come on again flashing. SECTION 10 Page 36 Jun 12/86 canadlair chaiienqer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 STALL MARGIN INDICATORS Each indicator presents visual display of margin available between aircraft's actual speed and stall speed. Left and right indicators are driven by signals from left and right channels of stall protection computer respectively. —Cruise sector (green): Indicates stall margin available in cruising flight. — Green and yellow sector: Indicates small margin, compensated for flap angle, available when aircraft is maintaining 1.3 V3. —Slow sector (yellow): Indicates that aircraft has assumed high angle of attack and that dangerously low stall marain is available for continued flight. Continuous ignition starts when pointer reaches upper half of sector. —Stall warning sector (red and black): Stick shaker activated when pointer reaches right edge of sector. —Stall sector (red): Stick pusher activated when pointer reaches this sector. Stall Margin Indicators SECTION 10 Figure 13 Page 37 Mar 01/85 canadair chauencjer OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 Continuous ignition starts when the pointer of the SPS TEST INDICATOR is within the blue sector* The left stick shaker operates and the autopilot disconnect (AFCS) lights come on steady when the pointer of the SPS TEST INDICATOR is within the yellow sector. The aural warning horn sounds and the STALL/PUSH lights (if installed) come on flashing when the pointer of the SPS TEST INDICATOR is within the red sector. The aural warning horn, the stick shaker and continuous ignition stop operating when the STALL PROTECTION TEST switch is released. When the copilot's STALL PROTECTION TEST switch is held to test, the test sequence is the same for the right side of the system except that the right stick shaker operates and the ALT COMP FAIL lights remain out. NOTE: If the flaps are set at the 45-degree position during the test, the correct functioning of the FAST/SLOW stall warning on the pilot's and copilot's attitude director indicators can be tested. Testing of the stick pusher and the acceleration switch on the stick pusher subsystem is carried out by holding both of the STALL PROTECTION TEST switches on simultaneously to operate both channels of the stall protection computer. The stick pusher operates when the pointers of the SPS TEST indicators reach the red sector. Once the stick push has occurred, the operation of the accelerometer switch in the stick pusher subsystem can be checked by using the G SWITCH TEST switch. Correct operation of the accelerometer switch is indicated if the stick pusher is immediately de-energized and the control columns return to the neutral position when the switch is set to the ON position. The stick pusher can be tested only when the aircraft is on the ground; all of the other tests described above can be carried out on the ground or in flight. Systems Without Altitude Compensation (Figure 13) Some aircraft are equipped with a stall protection system that does not have the altitude compensation feature. In these systems, the altitude transducers, associated static source selectors and ALT COMP FAIL lights are not installed. In addition, stall margin indicators are installed in place of the SPS TEST indicators. The operation of the system is identical to that described in the preceding paragraphs except that altitude compensated angle-of-attack trip points are not computed. The system test sequence using the stall margin indicators is as follows: SECTION 10 Page 38 Jun 12/86 canaaair chaiienQ&r OPERATING MANUAL PSP 606 If the pi lot1s STALL PROTECTION TEST switch is held to TEST, the correct operation of the system is indicated by the following sequence: The two STALL PROTECT FAIL lights come on flashing momentarily, go out, then come on flashing again. The pointer of the left stall margin indicator moves from the CRUISE to the STALL sector. Continuous ignition starts on both engines when the pointer of the pilotfs stall margin indicator passes through the upper half of the yellow (SLOW) sector of the indicator. The left stick shaker is activated when the pointer of the stall margin indicator reaches the edge of the red and black stall warning sector. The stall protection aural warning horn sounds when the pointer of stall margin indicator reaches the STALL sector and the STALL/PUSH lights (if installed) on the glareshield come on. the When the switch is released, the stick shaker, aural warning, continuous ignition and STALL/PUSH lights stop operating immediately and the pointer of the pilot's stall margin indicator returns to the CRUISE sector. When the copilot's STALL PROTECTION TEST switch is held on, the results are identical for the right side of the stall protection system, except that the STALL PROTECT FAIL lights come on only when the pointer of the copilot's stall margin indicator is at the clockwise limit of its travel in the green CRUISE sector, and when it reaches the red STALL sector. NOTE: If the flaps are set at the 45-degree position during the test, the correct functioning of the FAST/SLOW stall warning on the pilot's and copilot's attitude director indicators can be checked when the test switches are used. SECTION 10 Page 39 Jun 12/86

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guomai127 发表于 2010-9-11 09:17:30

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dul 发表于 2011-2-11 13:31:11

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bocome 发表于 2011-7-31 11:17:19

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autofannuaa 发表于 2011-12-7 14:14:31

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Bombardier-Challenger_00-Flight_Controls庞巴迪挑战者飞行操纵

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