飞行计划 flight plan

航空发表于 2010-7-25 16:13:15

飞行计划 flight plan
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航空发表于 2010-7-25 16:13:46

A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module • Table of contents • Flight operations duties • European Applicable Regulation • General • General aircraft limitations • Payload Range • Operating limitations • In flight performance • One engine inoperative performance • Flight planning • weight and Balance A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Table of Contents 1 -Fuel regulations 2 -Fuel transportation 3 -Selection of aerodromes and planning minima for IFR flights A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Table of Contents 1 -Fuel regulations 2 -Fuel transportation 3 -Selection of aerodromes and planning minima for IFR flights A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replanning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) JAR OPS 1.255 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replanning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Trip fuel Alternate fuel Brakes release Touchdown Go around PROC DEP Alternate Final reserve DEST Taxi fuel Additional fuel Extra fuel En route reserve A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  JAR OPS  Route (or contingency): HIGHER of (1) or (2)  - 5% of the planned trip fuel or an amount under special conditions or subject to the approval of the authority  - quantity to fly for 5 mn at holding speed at 1500 ft above the destination aerodrome (ISA conditions) A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Amount subject to the approval of the authority?  Not less than 3% of the planned trip fuel (an en-route alternate aerodrome must be available)  fuel to fly for 15 mn at holding speed at 1500 ft above the destination aerodrome. For that the operator must establish a fuel consumption monitoring program, approved by the authority, for each individual aeroplane/route combination. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 5% d 3% d 15 mn (att) D (NM) m(kg) A 340/200 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1000 2000 3000 5% d 3% d 5 mn(att) 15 mn (att) D (NM) m(kg) A 320/200 200 kg A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Amount under special conditions?  fuel to fly for 20 mn (based on trip fuel consumption). For that the operator must establish a monitoring programme for individual aeroplanes. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 5% d 3% d 20mn (d) 15 mn (att) D (NM) m(kg) A 340/200 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 5% d 3% d 5 mn(att) 15 mn (att) 20 mn D (NM) m(kg) A 320/200 200 kg A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  JAR OPS  Alternate: when 2 alternates are required: the greater amount of fuel.  take into account a missed approach at destination, climb, cruise, descent, approach and landing procedure at the alternate aerodrome. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  CCAR contingency fuel:  International flight plan only  Fuel used in cruise for 10% trip time A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  No alternate (JAR OPS 1.295 - c) simultaneous required conditions  The planned flight time (departure to destination) <= 6 hours  two available separate runways at destination  Meteorological conditions:  1 h before until 1h after ETA  approach from minimum altitude sector to landing can be made in VMC A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Separate runways: (IEM 1.295) - Separate landing surfaces which do not overlay or cross such that if one of the runway is blocked, it will not prevent the planned type operations on the other runway - Each of the landing surface has a separate approach procedure based on the separate aid. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  JAR OPS  Final reserve (Holding) - Turbopowered airplanes : quantity to fly for 30 mn at holding speed at 1500 ft above the destination alternate aerodrome (ISA conditions) or destination aerodrome when no alternate aerodrome is required. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Additional fuel  IFR flight without a destination alternate  Quantity to fly for 15 mn at holding speed at 1500 ft above the destination aerodrome  Engine or pressurization failure – The loaded fuel quantity must cover an engine or pressurization failure from the most critical point along the planned route In the two cases the aircraft must be able to reach an adequate aerodrome and fly for 15 mn at 1 500 above the aerodrome A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Extra fuel  required by the commander A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure (aeroplane with turbine engines) 3 - In flight replanning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Trip fuel Brakes release Touchdown En route reserve procedure DEPARTURE Parking DESTINATION (isolated aerodrome) Taxi fuel additional fuel for isolated aerodrome fuel to fly for 2h at normal cruise consumption above the destination aerodrome (including final reserve) A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replanning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module initial destination New destination New destination alternate The previous regulations will be applied from the in-flight relearance point (R) - general rules with or without destination alternate - isolated aerodrome R destination alterate ° A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replaning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  long haul :  take off limitation  tank capacity limitation  the aim :  to reduce the loaded fuel quantity to increase the payload  Method :  to choose a decision point along the route either to reach, from this point, a suitable diversion aerodrome (close to the route) or go on to the destination aerodrome when the remaining fuel is sufficient. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module A C B D DEPARTURE DIVERSION DESTINATION DESTINATION ALTERNATE DP DECISION POINT A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Higher of the two following quantities (1) or (2):  taxi fuel  trip fuel (departure A to destination B via the decision point DP)  5% of the planned trip fuel (decision point DP to destination B)  Alternate fuel BD  Final reserve (the same as general rules)  Additional fuel (the same as general rules)  taxi fuel  trip fuel (departure A to suitable en-route diversion C via the decision point DP)  3% (mini) of the planned trip fuel (departure A to suitable en-route diversion C)  Final reserve (the same as general rules)  Additional fuel (the same as general rules) 1 2 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replanning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Planned when the destination alternate is far from the destination aerodrome. A B D P A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  The alone possibility is to reach the alternate aerodrome from a predetermined point P. Loaded fuel: greater of  1 - taxy fuel + trip fuel (APB) + En route reserve + Additional fuel (the same as isolated aerodrome).  2 - taxy fuel + trip fuel (APD) + En route reserve + Final reserve (the same as general rules) Note: This method is not often used by the airlines A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replaning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  The ETOPS flights must take into account the following critical scenario  Pressurization failure + engine failure CP FL 100 OEI DIVERSION 1500 ft 15 mn Holding 1st APP GA 2nd APP A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  The loaded fuel quantity must be the greater of the standard fuel planing and of following fuel quantity:  taxi fuel  trip fuel (departure/critical point):TF1  trip fuel (critical point/diversion) according to the critical scenario: TF2  5% TF2 to take in account the wind forecasts errors  X1% TF2 to take in account the in service fuel mileage deterioration (usually 5%)  X2% for icing conditions (ice accumulation on wings and airframe)  holding for 15 mn above diversion aerodrome, missed approach and second approach and landing  APU consumption during diversion time from CP A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Reserves - (usual case) 2 - Isolated aerodrome procedure 3 - In flight replaning 4 - Decision point procedure 5 - Pre-determined point procedure 6 - ETOPS - critical scenario 7 - In flight fuel management Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module DESTINATION ALTERNATE (Landing aerodrome) PKG Fuel mini: Final reserve Alternate Fuel GA A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module DESTINATION (Landing airport) PKG Fuel mini: Final reserve No alternate A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module DESTINATION PKG isolated aerodrome P: Last point of diversion Fuel mini at P: TF(P to diversion) + en route reserve + final reserve A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Table of Contents 1 -Fuel regulations 2 -Fuel transportation 3 -Selection of aerodromes and planning minima for IFR flights A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Transport coefficient 2 - Interest of fuel transportation Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Transport coefficient 2 - Interest of fuel transportation Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Definition : When you add (or subtract) one ton to the landing mass, you have to add (or subtract) k tonnes to the take off mass. k = TOW LW A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module k = TOW LW Definition : Example : for a given leg; the transport coefficient is equal to 1.3 :- when we add an extra fuel equal to 1300 kg at the departure aerodrome; the extra fuel remaining at destination will be 1000 kg - in the other hand , when k = 1.3 to have an extra fuel equal to 1 t at destination, the cost is 300 kg of fuel. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module k Range (nm) 1.0 1.3 1.6 1000 3000 5000 7000 B737-400 A 320 B747-200 B747-400 A340 range of magnitude A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Transport coefficient 2 - Interest of fuel transportation Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Fuel Transport :  at departure, we add : TOW  at destination, the remaining fuel : LW = TOW / k  overcost at departure : TOW x Pd  profit at destination : LW x Pa  overcost due to flight time increment : T x Ph Pd : fuel price at departure Pa : fuel price at destination Ph :marginal cost per flight hour A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  there is a profit when .Pa - TOW.Pd - T.Ph > 0 Pa > k.Pd + .T.Ph  when T is negligible , there is a profit when TOW k k TOW Pa > k. Pd the fuel transport can be considered when the destination fuel price / departure fuel price ratio is more than the transport coefficient A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  The fuel transport can be considered when the destination fuel price/departure fuel price ratio is more than the transport coefficient A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Flight preparation methods  Computed flight plans  integrated  D/T/C graph method A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Table of Contents 1 -Fuel regulations 2 -Fuel transportation 3 -Selection of aerodromes and planning minima for IFR flights A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Selection of aerodromes 2 - Planning minima for IFR flights Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Selection of aerodromes (JAR OPS 1.295) 2 - Planning minima for IFR flights Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Take off alternate (If it would not be possible to return: performance or meteorological reasons)  Twin -engined aircraft DEPARTURE 60 mn at OEI cruise speed (still air, ISA) Area for take off alternate A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Continued... ETOPS Flight DEPARTURE Lower of 120 mn at OEI cruise speed (still air, ISA) or max time diversion Area for take off alternate A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Three and four engined aircraft DEPARTURE 120 mn at OEI cruise speed (still air, ISA) Area for take off alternate A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Determination of OEI cruise speed  For all type of aircraft, the OEI cruise speed is based on the TOW according to the AFM performance. When AFM doesn’t contain this speed, the speed used is the achieved speed with the maximum continuous thrust set up on the remaining engine. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Destination alternate requirements  Two alternates must be selected when:  the meteorological conditions are below the applicable planning minimas 1 hour before until 1 hour after the ETA  no meteorological information are available A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module 1 - Selection of aerodromes 2 - Planning minima for IFR flights (JAR OPS 1.297) Table of Contents A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Take off alternate  1 hour before until 1 hour after ETA  the meteorological conditions are above the operating minimas For a non-precision or circling approach, the ceiling must be taken in account A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Destination  1 hour before until 1 hour after ETA  the meteorological conditions are above the following operating minimas: – RVR/Visibility – For a non-precision or circling approach, the ceiling at or above MDH A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Destination and en route alternate  1 hour before until 1 hour after ETA  the meteorological conditions are above the operating minimas in accordance with the table of the next page. A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  ETOPS en route alternate  1 hour before until 1 hour after ETA  the meteorological conditions are above the operating minimas in accordance with the table of the next page A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Date of the module A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Maximum weight check A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation  Comparison point = Brake release A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Comparison point = Brake release  Maximum allowed take-off weight is the lowest of : Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Comparison point = Brake release  Maximum allowed take-off weight is the lowest of :  Maximum take-off weight Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Comparison point = Brake release  Maximum allowed take-off weight is the lowest of :  Maximum take-off weight  Maximum landing weight + trip fuel Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Comparison point = Brake release  Maximum allowed take-off weight is the lowest of :  Maximum take-off weight  Maximum landing weight + trip fuel  Maximum zero fuel weight + take-off fuel Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Max allowed take-off weight = Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Max allowed take-off weight = Operating weight + Payload Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Max allowed take-off weight = Operating weight + Payload = dry operating weight + take-off fuel Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module PAYLOAD = Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module PAYLOAD = Max allowed take-off weight - operating weight Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module + + MTOW + = = = = = = - - - A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module MTOW MLW + + + TF = = = = = = - - - A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module MTOW MLW + + + TF = = = = = = - - - MZFW TOF A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module MTOW MLW + + + TF = = = = = = - - - MZFW TOF Max allowed TOW : the lowest of the 3 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module MTOW MLW + + + TF = = = = = = - - - MZFW TOF DOW TOF OW Max allowed TOW : the lowest of the 3 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module MTOW MLW + + + TF = = = = = = - - - MZFW TOF DOW TOF OW Payload Max allowed TOW : OW the lowest of the 3 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Payload or Trafic load (JAR OPS 1.607) : Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Payload or Traffic load (JAR OPS 1.607) :  the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load. Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Payload or Traffic load (JAR OPS 1.607) :  the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load.  2 ways of computing the traffic load : Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Payload or Traffic load (JAR OPS 1.607) :  the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load.  2 ways of computing the traffic load :  using the actual weight Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module  Payload or Traffic load (JAR OPS 1.607) :  the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load.  2 ways of computing the traffic load :  using the actual weight  using standard mass values Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Passengers seats : 20 and more Male Female 30 and more All adult All flights except holiday charters Holiday charters Children 88 kg 70 kg 83 kg 69 kg 35 kg 35 kg 84 kg 76 kg 35 kg Passengers : standard mass values (JAR OPS 1.620) Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Baggages : standard mass values (JAR OPS 1.620) Type of flight Domestic Within the European region Intercontinental All other Baggage standard mass 11 kg 13 kg 15 kg 13 kg Maximum weights check - Payload Calculation

忙盲忙 发表于 2010-7-28 08:57:54

楼主辛苦啦！

ARNETAAA 发表于 2010-7-30 01:09:25

回复 1# 航空的帖子

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飛飛发表于 2010-8-3 16:14:53

為什麼都要回呢

zhengluanfeng 发表于 2010-8-6 23:05:01

是手册菜单的充电时间蛋炒饭

pilot146 发表于 2010-8-7 15:31:05

thanks

thanksthanks

coindong 发表于 2010-8-23 09:20:41

飞行计划 flight plan
飞行计划 flight plan

卡拉是条狗 发表于 2010-8-23 12:19:06

LZ辛苦哇~~~~~~~

xheleon 发表于 2010-8-28 17:46:39

非常感谢楼主发布！！！！

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