RMIT飞行训练课件－Instrument Flight 仪表飞行

航空发表于 2010-8-5 09:40:40

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航空发表于 2010-8-5 09:40:58

RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 1 Brief 17 INSTRUMENT FLIGHT Aim: To learn to correctly fly an aircraft accurately, solely by reference to the aircraft instruments. Application: - To exit cloud upon inadvertent entry. - Precision control coordination. - Practice towards a NVFR or CIR. Definitions:  Rate One Turn - Completion of 360 in 2 minutes. (3/sec) AoB = 10% IAS + 7  Instrument Scan - Method used to cross reference the instruments, checking our performance. Principles: Always trust your instruments!  Instrument Interpretation - Power + Attitude = Performance (AH - fly by attitude) TACHO - gives power information Pitch - AH, ALT, ASI, VSI all give pitch information Bank - AH, T&B, DG all give bank information Yaw - only the Balance Ball gives yaw information  Aircraft Control - Maintain smooth coordination of power and flight controls - AH and TACHO used to set up initial configuration, then other instruments used to cross-reference and to confirm performance is being achieved. - To change configuration:  CHANGE - adopt required power and attitude  CHECK - check performance being achieved  HOLD - if correct; or  ADJUST - if required  TRIM - as required. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B AH – Artificial Horizon (Vacuum gyro). TACHO – Power (measured in rpm). DG – Directional gyro (Vacuum gyro). T&B – Turn Coordinator (electrical gyro). ALT – Altimeter (Static System). VSI – Vertical Speed Indicator (Static System). ASI – Air Speed Indicator (Pitot Static System). RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 2 Brief 17 Instrument Scan – Selective Radial Scan In the absence of the natural horizon the pilot can interpret the instrument information to determine the configuration and performance of the aircraft. The primary source of attitude information is the Artificial Horizon (AH). The other instruments will support the AH by giving performance information relevant to the particular flight manoeuvre. The correct method of instrument flying is to use the AH as the master instrument and to refer to the appropriate performance instruments according to the manoeuvre. This method is called the Selective Radial Scan. Considerations:  Sensory Illusions - Vestibular Organs:  3 semi-circular organs in the inner ear which detect accelerations by moving tiny hair follicles.  Constant velocity or gradual change in velocity is not detected. - Somatogravic Illusion:  Acceleration / deceleration causes sensations of up/down pitch. Worst at night doing a go-around. - Spatial Disorientation:  disagreement of senses  Slow roll to left not detected by senses. Correct with right bank. Senses detect the right bank and instruments show S&L!  Causes vertigo/leans.  Partial Panel Failure - Detect failed instruments by cross-checking other instruments. Use inverted V scan. - DG fails, supplement with magnetic compass. Remember ONUS and SAND errors. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 3 Brief 17 Air Exercise: CRUISE – To correctly configure the aircraft from a climb to the cruise the pilot must consider the normal technique of ASPT. Attitude – Change the AH to the correct straight and level attitude and hold. - Scan the DG, ALT and T&B for correct S&L criteria (Constant direction, altitude and in balance). Speed - Scan ASI for acceleration to cruise speed. Power - Reduce RPM to cruise power. Trim - Trim to the attitude on the AH. CLIMB – To adopt the climb configuration from the cruise the pilot will use PAST. Power – Increase the power to climb settings referring to AH and TACHO. Attitude - Scan the AH and adopt the climb attitude monitoring the DG and T&B for direction and balance. Speed - Scan AH, DG and ASI and adjust if require to achieve the speed. Trim - Trim to the attitude on the AH. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B To maintain straight and level the primary scan is AH to ALT to AH to DG to AH. The secondary scan instruments are the ASI, T&B and VSI, which should be included in the primary scan every few scans. Once the power is set the other engine instruments and radio should only be scanned when necessary. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B To maintain the climb, the primary scan is AH to ASI to AH to DG to AH. The secondary scan instruments are ALT, VSI and T&B, which should be included in the primary scan every few scans. The altimeter should become part of the primary scan approaching the assigned altitude. Power, once set, and the other engine instruments and radio should only be referenced when necessary. RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 4 Brief 17 DESCENT – To adopt the descent configuration from the cruise the pilot will use PAST. Power - Reduce the power to 1900 rpm referring to AH and TACHO. Attitude - Scan the AH and adopt the descent attitude monitoring DG and T&B for direction and balance. Speed - Scan AH, DG, ASI and VSI and check speed and ROD, adjust if necessary. Trim - Trim only if necessary (speed should be the same as cruise with no trim change. TURNS - To turn the aircraft the pilot must use the correct entry technique of Bank, Balance and Back pressure. Bank - Roll on bank to 17 degrees (rate one) referring to the AH. Balance - Refer to T&B and balance with rudder. Back Pressure - set attitude referring to AH, ALT and VSI. To maintain the descent, the primary scan is AH to ASI to AH to DG to AH. The secondary scan instruments are ALT, VSI and T&B, which should be included in the primary scan every few scans. The altimeter should become part of the primary scan approaching the assigned altitude. Power, once set to achieve 500 fpm, and the other engine instruments and radio should only be referenced when necessary. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 VS 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B To maintain the turn the primary scan is AH to ALT / VSI to AH. The secondary scan instruments are the T&B and DG, which should be included in the primary scan every few scans. The DG should become part of the primary scan approaching the assigned heading. The ASI, TACHO and other instruments are not referenced, as the manoeuvre is transient. RMIT Flight Training Instrument Flight RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 5 Brief 17 CLIMBING / DESCENDING TURNS - To enter a turn whilst climbing or descending the pilot must use the same entry technique as the level turn except that the attitude must be adjusted to maintain indicated airspeed instead of altitude. Bank - Roll on bank to 17 degrees (rate one) referring to the AH. Balance - Refer to T&B and balance with rudder. Back Pressure - set attitude to maintain speed referring to AH and ASI. Airmanship: - Avoid flying into cloud – if you do, conduct a 180 rate one turn to exit. - Smooth and positive control inputs. - Use correct scan techniques. - Do not chase performance instruments…SET ATTITUDE! - Instrument Taxi checks. - Correct hand-over/takeover procedure. 15 20 25 10 5 RPM 0 1 2 3 4 ALT 6 5 7 8 9 V SI 20 20 5 15 10 10 15 5 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 T&B To maintain the climbing or descending turn, the primary scan is AH to ASI to AH. The secondary scan instruments are the T&B, ALT, VSI and DG, which should be included in the primary scan every few scans. The DG and ALT should become part of the primary scan approaching the assigned heading or altitude. The TACHO and other instruments are only referenced when necessary.

猪也能飞 发表于 2013-10-28 19:29:13

感谢楼主万分感谢感谢万分

xy8701 发表于 2015-4-7 22:35:53

谢谢楼主，我正准备去RMIT读书

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RMIT飞行训练课件－Instrument Flight 仪表飞行