RMIT飞行训练课件－VOR Operations VOR操作课件
**** Hidden Message ***** RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 1<BR>VOR OPERATIONS<BR>Aim: To learn the principles behind the operation of the VOR navigation system.<BR>Application:<BR>- orientation (where am I?)<BR>- supplementary navigation information<BR>- IFR instrument approaches<BR>Definitions:<BR> VOR<BR>- VHF Omni-directional Radio Range<BR> Radial<BR>- is a magnetic track emitted FROM a VOR station. There are 360 of them,<BR>hence omni.<BR>Principles: operates on frequencies between 112.1 and 117.9MHz<BR>(VHF radio band - line of sight transmissions)<BR> Ground Station<BR>- transmits two VHF signals:<BR> The reference phase signal, which is omni-directional (ie: same in all<BR>directions)<BR> The variable phase signal, which rotates uniformly at a rate of 1800RPM,<BR>with its phase varying at a constant rate throughout the 360<BR> Two signals transmitted are:<BR>- in phase at magnetic North<BR>- 90 out of phase at magnetic East<BR>- 180 out of phase at South<BR>- 270 out of phase at magnetic West<BR>- 360 out of phase (back in phase) at magnetic North<BR>RMIT Flight Training VOR Operations<BR>Brief 19<BR>RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 2<BR>- morse code identifier signal is transmitted every 10sec at 1020MHz,<BR>allowing positive identification of station.<BR>- since VHF signals are line of sight, range depends upon altitude. Rated<BR>coverage found in AIP GEN.<BR>Altitude (ft) Range (Nm)<BR>< 5000 60<BR>5000 to 10000 90<BR>10000 to 15000 120<BR>15000 to 20000 150<BR>> 20000 180<BR>- details found in ERSA and ERC.<BR> Airborne Equipment<BR>- consists of three main components:<BR> Antenna<BR>- usually a twin blade, V-shaped antenna mounted on horizontal<BR>tail<BR> Reciever<BR>- the reciever and associated control panel are used to tune<BR>VOR and ILS stations. Usually combined with a VHF-COM set<BR> Indicator<BR>- Indication is regardless of HDG<BR>Brief 19<BR>RMIT Flight Training VOR Operations<BR>RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 3<BR>Considerations:<BR> Limitations<BR>- various limitations effect the readings of the VOR:<BR>a) Vertical Polarization<BR>- VOR stations emit radio waves, which are orientated horizontally. ie:<BR>waves oscillate parallel to Earth’s surface. Detected by horizontal antenna.<BR>When aircraft banks, antenna no longer horizontal and picks up errors.<BR>b) Terrain Effect<BR>- bearing information contained in VOR signals may be spurious signals<BR>reflected from terrain. This interference causes oscillations on the CDI.<BR>Rapid oscillations is scalloping. Slow oscillations known as course<BR>bending.<BR>c) Airborne Equipment<BR>- bearing errors arising from imperfections in indicator.<BR>d) Ground Site<BR>- signal accuracy is affected by ground station equipment (transmitter,<BR>aerial, etc).<BR>e) Site Effect<BR>- propagation of VHF signals is affected by physical obstacles or irregular<BR>terrain features near the VOR site. Minimised using Doppler VOR.<BR>f) Aggregate Error<BR>- algebraic sum of all errors mentioned. Rarely exceeds 5<BR> Station Passage<BR>- passage overhead a VOR station is indicated by; needle becoming more<BR>and more sensitive, and oscillating; red, unserviceable flag appearing; TO<BR>flag becomes FROM flag; then needle becomes more stable as station<BR>departs.<BR>Brief 19<BR>RMIT Flight Training VOR Operations<BR>RMIT Instructor Rating Mass Briefs Issue 1 /2004 Page 4<BR>Air Exercise:<BR>T - Tune to VOR using reciever<BR>I - Identify using Morse code<BR>T - Test by rotating OBS through 360<BR>Airmanship:<BR>- Always use VOR within its rated coverage<BR>- TIT checks before use<BR>- Always use as a “command instrument.”<BR>Brief 19<BR>RMIT Flight Training VAODRFOInpteerracteiopntss 感谢楼主万分感谢感谢万分 谢谢楼主，我正准备去RMIT读书
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