RMIT飞行训练课件－Circuits Mass Brief

航空发表于 2010-9-1 09:38:04

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航空发表于 2010-9-1 09:38:17

Circuits Mass Brief Aim • To safely take-off, fly a complete circuit and land in a coordinate and correct manner, understanding all the factors involved. Application • To take-off and land in a coordinated and organised manner with other aircraft traffic present. • To practise landing / take-off Overview • Revision • Definitions • Principles / Airmanship – Circuit • Considerations – Wind – Flap – Weight – Surface – Temperature – The approach – The landing • Airmanship Revision • Climbing PAST • Climbing Turns BBB • S&L ASPT – ALAP • Medium Level Turns BBB • Descending PAST • Descending Turns BBB • Stalling symptoms Definitions Circuit • A rectangular pattern flown around the runway in use. The standard circuit is in a left-hand direction with all turns made to the left. However right-hand circuits are used at some airports. Definitions The various legs of a circuit: Definitions Take-Off Distance • the distance from the start of the take-off run to the point where the aircraft reaches 50ft AGL. Landing Distance • the distance from 50ft above the runway landing threshold to where the aircraft comes to a complete stop. Definitions Go-Around • where the aircraft conducts a “baulked approach” and executes a climb to rejoin the circuit prior to touching down. Definitions Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) • maximum permissible weight according to the POH, at which the aircraft may takeoff. C172 MTOW = 1111kg Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) • maximum permissible weight at which an aircraft may land C172 MLW = 1111kg Principles / Air Exercise 1. Line up on the centre line, apply full power smoothly, and keep straight with the rudder 1 Principles / Air Exercise 2. At 50 KIAS, pull back on the control column slightly, to get the weight off the nose wheel of the aircraft. 2 Principles / Air Exercise 3. At 55 KIAS, rotate and set the climb attitude and allow the aircraft to accelerate to flying speed (60 KIAS). 3 Principles / Air Exercise 4. Climb out at 80 KIAS 4 Principles / Air Exercise 5. At 200 feet, check the flaps are up and trim to maintain 80 KIAS 5 Principles / Air Exercise 6. At 500 feet, Start a climbing turn to the left, remember B B B 6 Principles / Air Exercise 7. At 1000 feet, Level off and turn downwind 7 Principles / Air Exercise 8. Abeam upwind end of the runway start the pre-landing checks (BOUMFAH) 8 Principles / Air Exercise 9. Turn onto base. Allow for drift, count traffic on base and final, do a radio call: “All stations (Point Cook), (EWZ) turns base, runway (17), (touch and go), number (1)” 9 Principles / Air Exercise 10. On base. Power back to 1500RPM, maintain 1000ft to allow speed to come back. Extend first stage flap below 110KIAS, and second when in white arc. Trim for 75 KIAS. 10 Principles / Air Exercise 11.At around 500 to 600 feet turn final (Remember B B B), allow speed to reduce to 70 KIAS 11 Principles / Air Exercise 12.At 300 feet, select full flap, allow speed to drop back to 65 KIAS, trim. 12 Considerations • The Landing AIRPORT BOUNDARY: Scan the full length of the runway FAR END THRESHOLD DISAPPEARS: Reduce power to idle Apply back pressure to stop the nose dropping Maintain S+L referencing horizon, increasing back pressure as required “sink” onto the runway Further positive back pressure tocontrol final and raise the dash to the horizon DON’T RELAX! Maintain directional control with the rudders and brake as required Considerations • The approach ON PROFILE BELOW PROFILE ABOVE PROFILE Considerations • Off-Profile Landing High / Fast Power Low / Slow Power Considerations • Wind Nil Wind Tailwind Headwind Rate of Climb does NOT change with wind   4   6   2 1000’ 1000’ 1000’ 2 Nm 1 Nm 3 Nm Considerations • Wind Tailwind Nil Wind Headwind   4   4   6   2 Considerations • Wind Take-Off into wind provides: • A Bigger angle • Best obstacle clearance • Shortest ground run • Lowest ground speed • Best directional control Landing into wind provides: • A Bigger angle • Steeper approach • Shortest ground run • Lowest ground speed Considerations • Flap Take-off with flap provides: • More Lift so you can fly at a slower speed • Slower rotate speed • Shorter ground run • Better obstacle clearance • Used for short T/O Landing with flap provides: • More Lift so you can fly at a slower speed • Reduced stall speed • More drag • Bigger angle of descent • Better visibility Considerations • Weight – Heavy – Light • Surface – Hard, level, asphalt – Soft, up-slope, grass • Temperature – High temperature – Low temperature Considerations • Recapping – Wind – Flap – Weight – Surface – Temperature Airmanship • Lookout • Smooth use of controls and power • Checks completed and correct • Follow procedures for MBZ, GAAP or CTA • Accurate aircraft handling • Correct handover/takeover procedure Review • What are the five legs of a circuit? • What is a baulked approach? • In which direction is a standard circuit flown? • If you are too high and fast on final, what would your actions be? • If you are too low and slow on final, what would your actions be?

猪也能飞 发表于 2013-10-28 18:51:14

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RMIT飞行训练课件－Circuits Mass Brief