A320主飞行显示介绍

航空发表于 2011-4-19 08:12:15

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航空发表于 2011-4-19 08:12:37

EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 1/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 2/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 3/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 4/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 5/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 6/97 The Primary Flight display, PFD, displays all the normal Primary Flight indications. • Attitude, • Airspeed, • Altitude, • Vertical Speed, • Heading and Track. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 7/97 Notice that the indicators are laid out in a classic instrument “T” configuration. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 8/97 The PFD also displays other information. The upper part of the display is used to provide information to the pilots associated with the Flight Management and Guidance System (FMGS). The area is known as the Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA). You will learn more about the FMA in the Autoflight modules. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 9/97 A Flight Director pb on the EFIS control panel enables the pilots to switch the Flight Director display on. Notice that there is an indication on the FMA when the Flight Directors are switched on. CAUTION: Both Flight Directors must be switched on or both off. You should never fly with only one Flight Director selected on. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 10/97 When below 2500 feet a digital radio altimeter is displayed. In this module, we will concentrate on the Primary Flight indications. Let’s start with attitude! EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 11/97 Attitude information is shown at the center of the display. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 12/97 The attitude indicator works in the normal sense. The aircraft is represented by 3 black and yellow symbols which remain fixed. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 13/97 There is a graduated scale for pitch angle above and below the horizon. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 14/97 Bank angle is displayed at the top of the indicator, each graduation represents 10 degrees angle of bank. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 15/97 The Roll Index triangle moves against a fixed scale to show angle of bank. To show both the pitch and bank indications in use let’s look at the indication for a climbing turn. RRoollll IInnddeexx EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 16/97 In this example the aircraft is in a 20 degree banked turn to the left with a nose up pitch attitude of 10 degrees. 2200 ddeeggrreeeess ooff lleefftt bbaannkk 1100 ddeeggrreeeess ooffNNoossee uupp ppiittcchh EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 17/97 Below the roll index is the Side Slip Index. This index moves to indicate side slip and replaces the old fashioned slip ball. Side Slip Index EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 18/97 When the Flight Director pb on the EFIS control panel is selected Flight Director indications are superimposed onto the attitude indicator. In the example shown the flight director is centralized. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 19/97 The vertical line is the Flight Director roll bar, while the horizontal line is the Pitch bar. Let’s look at an example of the Flight Director in use. FFlliigghhttDDiirreeccttoorrRRoollllBBaarr FFlliigghhttDDiirreeccttoorr PPiittcchh bbaarr EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 20/97 In this example the flight director is directing a pitch up and roll to the right. Once the aircraft has achieved the required pitch and bank the Flight Director bars will once again be centralized. Now let’s look at the airspeed indications on the PFD. RRoollll ttoo tthhee rriigghhtt ddiirreecctteedd PPiittcchh uupp ddiirreecctteedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 21/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 22/97 The Speed scale moves behind a fixed yellow reference line and triangle. In the example shown the indicated airspeed is steady at 250 knots. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 23/97 When the aircraft is accelerating, or decelerating a Speed Trend Arrow appears. This arrow shows the value that will be attained in 10 seconds if the acceleration remains constant. In the example shown the aircraft will decelerate to 240 knots in 10 seconds. The use of the speed trend arrow will be demonstrated during your simulator training. SSppeeeedd TTrreennddAArrrrooww EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 24/97 When the Flight Management and Guidance System, FMGS, is controlling the airspeed a magenta Target Airspeed triangle appears. This is normally referred to as the Managed speed. In the example shown the Managed target airspeed is 240 knots and the aircraft is decelerating towards that speed. Managed Target Airspeed EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 25/97 If the target airspeed is selected manually a blue triangle appears. This is normally referred to as Selected Speed. In the example shown a Selected airspeed of 260 knots has been set and the aircraft is accelerating towards it. Selected Target Airspeed EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 26/97 Selected Target Airspeed Manual speed selection is achieved by a rotary selector on the FCU panel. Just above the selector is the indication of the selected speed. Speed Selector and Indication EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 27/97 As a general rule on the PFD a Magenta indication means Managed and a Blue indication means selected. You will see this in the examples that follow. MMaaggeennttaa ==MMaannaaggeedd BBlluuee == SSeelleecctteedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 28/97 To look at the various other indications on the Airspeed scale we will run through a typical flight profile. We will assume a departure with the Flaps in position 3. You will learn about the various flap and slat configurations in the Flight Control modules. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 29/97 During the take off roll a blue decision speed, V1, and a magenta V2 speed are shown. Notice that since these speeds are beyond the visible scale they are shown as numbers. DDeecciissiioonn ssppeeeedd ((VV11)) ooff 113344 kknnoottss VV22 ssppeeeedd ooff 115511 kknnoottss 040 060 134 151 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 30/97 040 060 134 151 080 100 120 140 1 As the take off progresses V1 and V2 indications appear on the speed scale as a blue 1 and a magenta triangle. VV22 VV11 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 31/97 080 100 120 140 1 140 160 180 200 F 120 Just after lift off the magenta target speed remains at V2. The speed demanded by the flight director will be V2 + 10 knots. FFlliigghhttDDiirreeccttoorr TTaarrggeett SSppeeeedd VV22 ++1100 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 32/97 140 160 180 200 F 120 The minimum Flap retraction speed is shown by a green F. This is referred to as F speed. The Flap limit speed, VFE, is shown by a red and black strip at the top of the speed scale. Minimum Flap retraction speed F Speed FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 33/97 140 160 180 200 F 120 250 At acceleration altitude the target speed jumps to 250 knots and the aircraft is accelerated towards that speed. Notice that since this speed is beyond the scale it is shown above the scale as a number. TTaarrggeett SSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 34/97 140 160 180 200 F 120 The aircraft is now above the minimum flap retraction speed, and accelerating. The flaps can now be retracted to position 1. Click on the Flap lever to select position 1. 140 160 180 250 200 F EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 35/97 140 160 180 250 200 F The F speed indication is replaced with an S speed indication. This is the minimum Slat retraction speed. Notice that the VFE has increased to reflect the limiting speed for flap position 1. 140 160 180 220 S 200 FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE Minimum Slat retraction speed S Speed EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 36/97 140 160 180 250 220 S 200 160 180 200 220 S 240 The aircraft is now above S speed, and accelerating, so the flaps can be fully retracted. Click on the Flap lever. TTaarrggeett SSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 37/97 160 180 200 250 220 S 240 220 240 260 280 = After flap retraction the aircraft is clean therefore no VFE is indicated. The aircraft stabilizes at 250 knots. Notice that the target speed is in line with speed reference line. TTaarrggeett SSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 38/97 220 240 260 280 = When cleared to accelerate to climb speed the target speed jumps to approximately 330 knots. Once again the speed trend arrow appears. 330 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 39/97 220 240 260 280 330 300 320 340 360 Once the speed has stabilized at climb speed the red and black VMAX indication will be visible. Below approximately 25,000 feet the VMAX indication is fixed at 350 knots to represent Vmo. A MACH indication appears below the speed scale once the speed is above the equivalent of M 0.5. VVMMAAXX== VVmmoo .675 MMAACCHHNNuummbbeerr EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 40/97 300 320 340 360 240 260 280 300 .782 320 o Above approximately 25,000 feet the VMAX indication becomes the airspeed equivalent of the Mach Limit Speed, Mmo, Mach.82. In the example shown the aircraft is cruising at Mach .782 and the indicated VMAX of 300 knots represents the equivalent of Mach .82 VVMMAAXX==MMmmoo MMAACCHHNNuummbbeerr EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 41/97 300 320 340 360 240 260 280 300 .782 320 o A green circle indicates the best lift drag ratio speed for the aircraft in clean configuration. This speed is known as Green Dot Speed. GGrreeeennDDoott SSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 42/97 300 320 340 360 .636 During an FMGS computed (managed) descent the single triangle is split into two to give a speed range. A double magenta bar indicates the target speed. In the example shown the target speed is 325 knots. The speed will vary in between the two speed range indicators as the aircraft maintains the required descent profile. Managed descent profiles will be studied in depth in the Autoflight modules. Managed Target Airspeed Upper speed range indication Lower speed range indication EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 43/97 300 320 340 360 220 240 260 280 = o Following initial deceleration to 250 knots there is an indication of the next flap limiting speed, VFE Next. In this case the next flap setting is 1 so an indication is shown at 230 knots. The VFE Next indication will be visible provided the aircraft is below 15,000 feet. Green Dot Speed may also be visible. GGrreeeennDDoott SSppeeeedd VVFFEENNeexxtt EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 44/97 220 240 260 280 = o 180 200 220 240 = o 140 A further deceleration to Green Dot Speed takes the airspeed below the VFE for the first flap selection. Flap 1 can now be selected. Notice that a target speed of 140 knots has appeared. This represents the approach speed target. Click on the Flap lever. VVFFEENNeexxtt EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 45/97 180 200 220 240 = o 140 160 180 200 220 = S Once the flap lever is in position 1, S Speed, VFE Next and the Flap limit speed indications will appear. The speed will decrease towards S speed. VVFFEENNeexxtt FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE SSSSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 46/97 160 180 200 220 = S 140 Notice that at S speed the aircraft is below the limit speed for the next flap setting, VFE Next. Flap 2 can now be selected. Click on the Flap lever. VVFFEENNeexxtt SSSSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 47/97 160 180 200 220 = S 140 160 180 200 220 = F 140 As soon as the flap lever is in position 2 S Speed is removed. F Speed, and a new VFE Next indications will appear. The Flap limit speed will move to a new limit. VVFFEENNeexxtt FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE FF ssppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 48/97 160 180 200 220 = F 140 Notice that the approach speed target, V Approach, has now appeared as a magenta triangle. The aircraft will continue decelerating towards F speed. By reducing towards F speed the aircraft will be below the VFE for the next flap setting. Flap 3 can now be set. Click on the Flap lever. VVFFEENNeexxtt FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE VVAApppprrooaacchhSSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 49/97 160 180 200 220 = F 140 140 160 180 200 = F 120 As before VFE Next and VFE move to reflect the new flap position. Flap full can now be selected. Click on the Flap lever VVFFEENNeexxtt FFllaapp LLiimmiitt ssppeeeedd,, VVFFEE EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 50/97 140 160 180 200 = F 120 100 120 140 160 The aircraft will eventually stabilize at V Approach and the VFE will be adjusted to reflect Full Flap. There are indications associated with speed and angle of attack protections. These protection indications will be discussed in the flight control modules. PPrrootteeccttiioonn ssppeeeeddss EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 51/97 060 080 100 120 Once the aircraft lands all additional speed indications are removed apart from the speed trend arrow. Having thoroughly studied the Airspeed indications lets look at Altitude indications. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 52/97 All the indications associated with Altitude are located on the right hand side of the PFD. CLB NAV EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 53/97 The main part of the display is dedicated to the Altimeter. To the far right is the Vertical Speed display. We will look at the altimeter indications first. AAllttiimmeetteerr VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 54/97 The middle part of the altimeter contains a green digital readout of altitude. DDiiggiittaallRReeaaddoouutt EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 55/97 The red ribbon to the right of the altitude scale represents the field elevation. The ribbon is currently level with the center of the scale. RReedd FFiieellddEElleevvaattiioonn IInnddiiccaattiioonn.. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 56/97 Like the Airspeed indication a gray Analog Altitude tape moves behind the digital display. AAnnaallooggAAllttiittuuddee ttaappee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 57/97 In this example there is a Target Altitude of 17000 feet displayed. TTaarrggeett AAllttiittuuddee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 58/97 On the FCU is an Altitude Selector with an indication of the selected Target Altitude. TTaarrggeett AAllttiittuuddee Target Altitude Selector and Indication EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 59/97 At the bottom of the altimeter is an indication of Baro Reference. In the example shown, the QNH is 30.08 inches. BBaarrooRReeffeerreennccee IInnddiiccaattiioonn EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 60/97 The baro reference setting is achieved by a selector, with associated indication, on the EFIS control panel. BBaarrooRReeffeerreennccee IInnddiiccaattiioonn Baro Reference Selector and Indication EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 61/97 It is possible to change the baro reference display to hecto Pascals by rotating an outer selector. BBaarrooRReeffeerreennccee IInnddiiccaattiioonn Baro Reference Selector and Indication 1020 1020 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 62/97 To look at the various other indications on the Altitude and Vertical Speed scales we will run through a typical flight profile. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 63/97 The aircraft is on the ground just prior to take off. Notice that with the QNH of 29.92 set the altitude indication is 10 feet. AAllttiittuuddee ooff 1100 ffeeeett.. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 64/97 If there is an altitude constraint set in the FMGS then this will be shown by a magenta target altitude. In the example shown the constraint altitude is 5000 feet. CCoonnssttrraaiinntt AAllttiittuuddee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 65/97 VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd ooff 33440000 fftt//mmiinn In this example the aircraft has just got airborne. Notice that the vertical speed indication is showing a climb of 3400 feet per minute. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 66/97 CCoonnssttrraaiinntt aallttiittuuddee aanndd ttaarrggeett bbooxx As the constraint Altitude is approached it appears on the scale with a target box. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 67/97 Once past the constraint the aircraft can be climbed further so a new target altitude is selected on the FCU. Target Altitude Selector and Indication 107000 TTaarrggeett AAllttiittuuddee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 68/97 The aircraft has now been cleared to FL330 so the new target altitude has been set. TTaarrggeett AAllttiittuuddee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 69/97 On passing the transition altitude the standard pressure setting can be set by pulling the baro reference knob on the EFIS control panel. Baro Reference Selector and Indication FL330 STD EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 70/97 FL330 STD Notice that the baro reference indication has changed to STD, and the target is now shown as a Flight Level. BBaarrooRReeffeerreennccee IInnddiiccaattiioonn TTaarrggeett FFlliigghhtt LLeevveell EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 71/97 The aircraft is now cruising at Flight Level 370. Notice that the target Flight level box is in the middle of the scale and the vertical speed indication is at zero. STD VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd aatt zzeerroo TTaarrggeett FFlliigghhtt LLeevveellBBooxx EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 72/97 We are now in the decent phase. The target Flight Level is magenta because the aircraft is in a managed decent with a constraint at FL100. Because the Vertical speed is high, it is displayed in amber. TTaarrggeett FFlliigghhtt LLeevveell VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd 66880000fftt//mmiinn EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 73/97 STD FL 70 30.08 QNH 7000 At the Transition Level the baro reference is set to show QNH by pushing the baro selector knob on the EFIS Control panel. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 74/97 STD FL 70 In the final stages of an approach the ground reference ribbon will reappear along with a landing elevation line. 30.08 QNH GGrroouunnddRReeffeerreenncceeRRiibbbboonn LLaannddiinnggEElleevvaattiioonn LLiinnee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 75/97 Notice that the vertical speed indication is showing a rate of decent of 800 feet/ minute. Also notice that the missed approach altitude has been set at 9000 feet. STD FL 70 30.08 QNH 7000 MMiisssseeddAApppprrooaacchhAAllttiittuuddee VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd 880000fftt//mmiinn EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 76/97 When the aircraft lands the Ground reference ribbon is in the middle of the scale and the vertical speed indication is at zero. We will now look at the compass scale. STD FL 70 30.08 QNH 7000 VVeerrttiiccaallSSppeeeedd ZZeerroo GGrroouunnddRReeffeerreenncceeRRiibbbboonn EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 77/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 78/97 The compass display is very conventional. The gray scale moves against a fixed yellow line which represents the centerline of the aircraft. In the example shown the aircraft is heading 091 degrees. HEADING 091 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 79/97 The small green diamond represents the aircraft track, and it is normally referred to as the TRACK DIAMOND. In the example shown the track is 094 degrees which means that the aircraft has 3 degrees of drift to the right. TRACK 094 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 80/97 A selected heading may appear either as; • a blue figure, on the appropriate side on the compass scale or • a blue triangle EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 81/97 On the FCU there is a Heading selector, with an indicator, that is linked to the selected heading indication on the PFD compass. Target Heading Selector and Indicator EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 82/97 There is a direct relationship between the small white ticks on the horizon line of the attitude indicator and the compass scale. As the heading changes the ticks move to stay in line. Now let’s look at how ILS information is displayed and in particular concentrate on the compass scale. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 83/97 The ILS pb on the EFIS control panel enables the pilots to switch on an ILS display. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 84/97 The ILS display includes indications for: • Localizer, • Front course, • Glide slope, • Information. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 85/97 ILS deviation information is displayed in the form of Localizer and Glideslope deviation scales. The ILS front course will be displayed in magenta at the side of the compass scale if the figure is outside the visible scale. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 86/97 A magenta diamond represents the localizer. When the ILS front course is within the compass scale it is displayed as a magenta dagger. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 87/97 In the example shown the aircraft is established on the localizer and the Glideslope indication has appeared in the form of a magenta diamond. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 88/97 The aircraft is now fully established on the ILS approach. Let’s look at the indications on the compass scale in detail. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 89/97 With the aircraft established on the localizer; • the heading is 230 degrees • the track diamond is showing 3 degrees of left drift • the ILS front course dagger is beneath the track diamond. You will see how useful the track diamond can be to help you fly an accurate approach in the simulator phase. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 90/97 You will be given more information on the ILS system, the Flight Director, the radio altimeter, and the Flight Mode Annunciator indications later in the course. Now let’s look at another useful indication available on the PFD, the Flight Path Vector. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 91/97 EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 92/97 The Flight Path Vector can be displayed on the PFD to show you what the aircraft is doing in relation to the world. It is an indication of the aircraft flight path. It is not a director. The green symbol, sometimes called “The Bird”, represents the aircraft. The attitude indicator represents the world. Let’s look the FPV in a bit more detail. To begin with we will look at the indication for an aircraft in level flight with no drift. For training purposes we will exaggerate the angles. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 93/97 The aircraft heading and track are the same so the FPV and the track diamond are in line with the heading marker. These indications mean that the aircraft is not drifting. EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 94/97 The aircraft is flying level with a pitch attitude of 9 degrees. The FPV is on the horizon line so at present the flight path angle is zero, i.e. the aircraft is in level flight. Now let’s enter a descent and see what happens to the FPV. PPiittcchhAAttttiittuuddee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 95/97 The FPV will move down to indicate the angle at which the aircraft is descending through the air. This is known as the Flight Path Angle. Now lets introduce some drift to the left. PPiittcchhAAttttiittuuddee FFlliigghhttPPaatthhAAnnggllee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 96/97 As a result of wind from the right the aircraft is drifting to the left. Let’s now look at a typical example of how the FPV indication would look for an aircraft established on an approach. PPiittcchhAAttttiittuuddee FFlliigghhttPPaatthhAAnnggllee EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 97/97 The aircraft is fully established on an ILS approach. Notice that the FPV is in line with the track diamond indicating left drift. The FPV is below the horizon line in a 3 degree descent angle. 3 Degree Descent Angle NEXT MMoodduullee ccoommpplleetteedd EFIS MENU PFD Presentation 98/97 LLIISSTTOOFFSSUUBBJJEECCTTSS EXIT AUDIO GLOSSARY FCOM RETURN PPFFDDBBAASSIICCSS FFMMAA FFDDCCOONNTTRROOLLSS AATTTTIITTUUDDEEIINNDDIICCAATTIIOONN FFDDBBAARRSS SSPPEEEEDDIINNDDIICCAATTIIOONN AALLTTIITTUUDDEE&&VV//SSIINNDDIICCAATTIIOONNSS HHEEAADDIINNGGIINNDDIICCAATTIIOONN IILLSSIINNDDIICCAATTIIOONN FFPPVV

show616 发表于 2011-4-19 14:29:02

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guanshyy 发表于 2011-4-27 10:34:59

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王忠元 发表于 2011-4-27 20:15:17

hao hao hao hao  hao!

ca300300 发表于 2011-4-29 10:45:47

study study

airportcn 发表于 2011-5-17 11:13:03

good................

chenruilang 发表于 2011-5-17 13:11:53

谢谢楼主

浪琴 AMM  反推作动筒

mywny 发表于 2011-5-17 21:52:30

hao hao kan kan

yaokai 发表于 2011-6-13 12:56:42

先顶后下，多谢楼主

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A320主飞行显示介绍

谢谢楼主