人为因素与民用航空规章
**** Hidden Message *****<br> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">1、航空界研究人为因素的必要性(P1)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">达:安全和效率是航空界关注的目标,二者缺一不可,优化航空人员的工作表现,是实现安全和效率的可靠保证。随着航空设计和制造业的发展,飞机的可靠性得到很大提高,而航空维修差错今年呈上升趋势,维修人员的工坐标现直接关系到航空维修工作的质量,而飞机的维修质量又直接影响着航空安全,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">2、航空界对人为因素的需求以及研究人为因素的目的(目的)(P7)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 由于航空器安全水平的提高,飞机的机械原因导致事故的比例从80%降低到20%,这使得提高航空安全的关注点逐步转移到人的身上<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">2 根据飞行安全基金会预测,全球范围内的航空运输量在未来10-15年内有望成倍增长。依次即使保持当前的安全水平,由于飞机数量和飞行时间的增加,航空事故数量也可能增多,到2015年飞行事故将达到一年45起,平均9天不到会发生一次飞行事故,这是难以让人接受的结果<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3 应用人为因素并不仅限于飞行安全需要,缺乏人为因素知识还对效率有着重要影响。运行中忽视人为因素可能会使人完成任务时表现不佳,从而影响效率。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:9.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:1.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">综上所述,航空界对人为因素的需求和研究人为因素的目的<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3、解释SHEL模型并展开,指出人处于模型中心的意义(P8)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答: SHEL模型是一种常用的模型,它的名字是由模型中各组成部分的第一个字母构成的。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.5;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">S</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">—</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">软件,维修程序,维修手册,检查单等<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">H</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">—</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">硬件。工具,测试设备。飞机结构,驾驶舱设计,操纵系统和仪表的配置和使用特性等。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">E</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">—</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">环境。例如:机库条件和航线条件等环境以及工作方式,管理机构等。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">L</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">—</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">生命件/人。例如,处于模型中的人,包括维修人员,主管。计划员,经理等。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">意义: SHEL模型用简化的方法表示复杂系统,具体形象地表现人为因素研究的范围,基本要素以及它们之间的相互关系;在SHEL模型中,方块界面之间需要非常匹配,一处不匹配就意味着一个人为差错。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:27.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:3.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">所以说人是这个模式的中心,被认为是系统中最重要的,同时其适应能力也是最重要的组成部分。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4、解释事故链(P12)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:与许多事故征候和事故一样,所有案例都包含一系列人为因素,形成了一条事故链,如果在管理,维修和机组这些出差错的环节上,建立预防差错的有效措施使</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">“</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">链条</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">”</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">中的任一环节断开,这些事故征候/事故就可能避免。事故的原因不是单一的,往往涉及许多人,而只要其中任何一个人对异常有反映或提出质疑,就会有不同的结果</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">—</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">打破事故链,从而避免差错,防止事故的发生。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">5、墨菲定律定义并展开(P13)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:墨菲定律,人们做某件事情,如果存在一种错误的做法,迟早会有人按照这种错误的做法去做。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">墨菲定律忠告人们,面对自身缺陷时最好想的周到全面些,不要存在任何侥幸心理,采取多种保险措施,防止偶然发生的人为失误导致灾难和损失。所以说,人为差错是客观事物的一部分,但不是全部,莫非定律有助于人们更好的理解人为差错。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">6、影响视力的因素(P16)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 生理因素 如近视<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 摄取外来物质的影响 如毒品,药物。烟酒<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 环境因素 如光线亮度<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 与被观察物体有关的因素 如物体外型尺寸<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:黑体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">6<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>影响视力的环境因素<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 变化的光线强度下,眼睛需要时间进行调节,因为从黑暗到光亮处,眼睛能快速调节,相反,从光亮到黑暗处,眼睛的调节速度慢<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-27.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-3.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 增加照明强度可以改善视力,但有限度,可能导致眩光,老年人比年轻人更容易受到眩光的影响<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:38.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:
2.84gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.0;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3 任何空气中的微粒,诸如,灰尘,雨或雾,都可能影响光线在空气中的传播,使物体映像变形。戴着眼镜情况会更糟,因为镜片容易粘上赃物,湿气,雾气和划伤。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">7、航空维修中对视力的保护措施(P18)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:37.5pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-37.5pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 从事能够产生碎屑飞溅的机械加工作业或有酸碱或其他危险液体溅出时,操作人员及相关人员应该戴安全保护镜。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 用高压空气进行作业或喷涂或焊接工作时要戴护目镜,头盔和面罩。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 在光线不足的区域内作业时,应携带相应的照明工具。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 合理选择和分布光源,避免眩光和视觉疲劳。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>尽可能采用自然光照明<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">8、噪声对人的表现的影响(P20)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 令人烦躁(突然的声响,持续的大声)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 干扰在工作场所人际的交流(讲话听不到)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 由于听不清告警信号或信息而造成事故<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 容易疲劳并影响精力集中<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 听觉损伤(暂时和永久性)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">9、注意力和理解的定义及注意力的形式(P23)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:143.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-120.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:注意力定义: 一旦收集到信息,我们的精神资源就会集中在某一特定的事物上。形式如下<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">形式:1 选择注意力<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 分散注意力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:60.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 集中注意力<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 持续注意力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:121.4pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-70.5pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">理解定义:对感觉器官感受的信息的组织和解释,抛弃不相关的信息,以使这些保留的信息可被接受。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">10、什么是情景意识,克服情景意识障碍的方法(P25)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:144.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-108.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:情景意识:指一个人在信息处理过程中,通过理解和判断,精确的感知环境变化和对未来发展的预知能力。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:114.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-78.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">克服方法:1积极的询问和评价。<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 必要时采取果断行动。3连续不断对情境进行分析/监控
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">11、什么是幽闭恐惧症,如何克服(P28)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:当人进入一个封闭或狭小的空间时,会感到不同程度生理或心理的不舒服,通常认为这是正常的,当这种不舒服过于严重时,就是所谓的幽闭恐惧症。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">克服方法:当着工作者的面,1 作好一切工作准备,有助于消除工作者的紧张和担心 2 理想情况下维修人员应有人陪同进出狭窄空间工作 3 在必要时须使用恰当的安全设备,例如:呼吸装置或者呼吸管路。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">12、马斯洛层次需要理论及在员工激励上的应用(P31)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:马斯洛层次需要理论:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1 基本生理需要 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 安全需要<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3 社交需要<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 尊重需要<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>5 自我实现需要<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">员工激励的应用:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:73.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.43gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-37.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-4.2;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>1 人的动机是由需要所决定的<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.25pt;mso-para-margin-left:
4.14gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-10.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.2;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 航空器维修人员首先要有一定的收入满足个人和家庭的基本生活需要<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.25pt;mso-para-margin-left:
4.14gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-10.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.2;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 工作安全保障的需求,稳定的职业保障和社会保障金<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 注意对人进行精神鼓励,给予表扬和认可,注意给人以成长,发展,晋升的机会<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">13、同事间的压力,如何消除同事间的压力和从众性(P33)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:因为维修人员要承受来自一起工作的同事的,从众性的压力,即决策行为的最终结果体现多数人的意志,而不是依据客观事实或标准。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">如何消除:1 公开个人的观点 2 所有员工对安全持积极态度。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">14、一个建立了积极的安全文化的企业有哪些特征(P34)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 从主要领导到一般群众,都树立了正确的安全观<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:91.25pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-22.5pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 人人自觉遵守安全规章,严格执行标准操作程序,尊章守纪形成风气,成为习惯。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:83.8pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-22.5pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 在相互信任基础上安全信息畅通无阻,能及时发现安全隐患,预防措施能得到及时有效的贯彻执行。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">15、有效团队工作的要素(团队成员必备的能力)(P35)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 沟通:沟通对工作中相关信息的交换是非常重要的。团队领导必须确保组员不仅听到了工作指示,还要正确的理解它,阻援必须向其他组员和领导者强调遇到的问题,而且必须倾听同事的意见和建议。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 合作:团队工作的顺利进行需要团队成员的共同努力,团队内公正公开的氛围可以使团队成员互相尊敬,提高团队的凝聚力,领导者必须慎重的处理组员间的冲突<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 组织协调:团队工作中组织协调是必须的,领导者需要知道每个阻援都在从事什么工作,需要对工作进行分派,以保证团队所有的资源能被有效利用。分派的工作需要被监控。团队领导者还要确保分派给组员的工作没有超出这个组员的能力范围。组织协调还包括对工作责任的明确<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 相互支持:相互支持是团队工作的一项重要特征,团队领导者必须给予支持和鼓励。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">16、积极的健康措施(P39)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 进餐时间有规律,饮食结构注意平衡<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 进行有规律的锻炼<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 戒烟<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 饮酒要节制<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">17、什么是亚健康及其分类(P39)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:亚健康:多指无临床症状和体征,或者有病症感觉而无临床检查证据,但已有潜在发病倾向的信息,处于种机体结构退化和生理功能减退的低质与心理失衡状态。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">亚健康四要素:1 即排除疾病原因的疲劳和虚弱状态<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 介于健康与疾病之间的中间状态或疾病前状态<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 在生理,心理,社会适应能力和道德上的欠完美状态<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;text-align:left;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 与年龄不相称的组织结构和生理功能的衰退状态。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">亚健康分类:1躯体亚健康<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 心理亚健康<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:53.85pt;mso-para-margin-left:
5.13gd;text-align:left;text-indent:9.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.0;tab-stops:
18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3 社会适应性亚健康<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 道德方面的亚健康<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">18、紧张压力与人的表现的关系,如何控制紧张压力(P40)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:22.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:紧张压力是人体自身适应外界环境而产生的一种应变能力。适当压力可提高我们的唤醒水平,是我们进入最佳的激活状态,这是维持良好技能的必要条件,但过大压力则可能使我们偏离最佳觉醒状态,使我们产生恐慌。不同的人承受的紧张压力也不同。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">如何控制紧张压力:1放松 2 有规律的睡眠和饮食
3 有规律的体能锻炼4 咨询 《与朋友或同事交谈中寻求建议》 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">19、决定工作负荷的因素,超负荷工作和工作量不足的影响(P43)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:因素:1 工作的性质<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:75.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 完成该项工作的情况<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:75.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 在执行该项工作时间时对同时进行其他工作的要求<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:75.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 人和人的状态<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">超负荷工作:指的是维修人员工作时精神要高度集中,当精神高度集中时,往往只会关注于关键信息,而导致工作出现失误,差错率也随之上升。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">工作量不足:由于工作任务不饱满,是维修人员在维修工作时精神涣散,导致工作表现的恶化和差错的增加。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:15.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">影响:工作量不足或者工作难度过低都会使维修人员感到厌倦。航空维修行业的性质意味着工作量的大小具有不确定性,取决于每天的时段,维修计划等方面的变动。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">20、疲劳的定义和症状(P47)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:疲劳可以是生理性疲劳或者心理疲劳。生理疲劳反映人体对补充和恢复的需要。心理疲劳是个体对他们感觉嗜睡程度的感受<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">症状:1 感知能力的降低和一般性的注意力下降<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:45.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 运动技巧的降低和反应迟缓<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:45.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 短期记忆力问题<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:162.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-120.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 集中注意力---关注于可能并不重要的问题而忽略其他问题,不能保持全局观念<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:52.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 容易被不重要的事物分心<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:52.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">6 判断力和决断能力降低并导致差错增加<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:169.05pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-120.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">7 情绪不正常---情绪无规律的改变,周期性的出现沮丧和兴高采烈,精力旺盛等现象<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:52.5pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">8 自己工作的标准降低<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">21、倒班工作的不良影响(P47)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-right:-8.9pt;text-align:left;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1在非社交时间工作,意味着能与朋友,家庭等在一起的时间被打乱<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">2在已知的人类行为表现较差的时段工作<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3与人体通常的生物节律(首要的睡眠模式)不同步,带来相应问题<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">4夜间工作也能导致由于白天光线和噪音影响所带来的在白天睡眠的问题<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">22、酒精对人的表现的影响(P49)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 酒精使人意识模糊<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">2 延长身体的反应时间<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3阻碍人的判断力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">4 航空维修人员即便少量饮酒后也至少在8个小时内不得工作
,如饮酒量大则许更长时间间隔<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">5 当人疲劳,生病或服药时酒精的影响会更严重<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">23、药物对人的表现的影响(P49)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:航空维修人员在第一次服药之前应特别小心,并要咨询医生所开药物中,是否存在会对其工作表现产生影响的药物。在从事工作24小时前服药是明智的,可以保证不在工作中产生负面影响。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">24、噪音对人的表现的影响(P50)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答: 1 使人烦躁<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 干扰语言交流<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3 掩盖警告<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 损害听力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">25、强烈气味对人的表现的影响,应对措施(P51)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 强烈气味主要影响维修人员的正常呼吸,对眼睛也有刺激<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 在狭小密闭空间工作时,因气味不易消散,应使用呼吸器<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 当工作场所气味无法根除时,应使强烈气味减到最少<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 察觉有害气体时应及时报告上级和同事以便迅速撤出,并采取措施查找气味的来源并控制源头<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 必须避免并远离对健康存在严重影响的气体,或加强该地的通风,是气味消散或者使用呼吸器,以免影响维修人员正常工作<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">26、如何解决工作区域照明问题<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">1 必要时,使用手电筒(注意电池电量),使用电筒会带来不便,或用头顶固定灯。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">2 必要时要补充局部照明,特别是目视检查工作时<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3 应避免光线直射眼,反光面,从而防止眩光。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">27、恶劣气候和温度对工作表现的影响(P52)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 寒冷条件会使得手指麻木,降低维修人员从事精确维修的能力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 强风能使人分心,特别是高处工作时(梯子上)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 恶劣的环境条件也能导致生理和心理的疲劳<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">28、移动和振动对维修工作的影响(P52)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:45.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-45.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 当维修人员不得不花更多功夫在保持平衡而不是在工作上时,任何不稳的感觉都可以使其分心<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 不正确使用移动平台,避免严重伤害<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:44.8pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 旋转和敲击工具的使用会导致振动,频繁使用能够使得局部雪流减少<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:44.8pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 振动令人烦躁,可能会扰乱维修人员的注意力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">29、体力工作的特点(P54)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 与维修人员的身高,体重和体型有密切关系<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 与个体运用体力的方法方式有关<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:34.3pt;mso-para-margin-left:
2.84gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-4.5pt;mso-char-indent-count:-.5;tab-stops:
18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">3 实际工作中为尽量减少体力工作的负荷,工具设备,工作场所的设计必须满足人体测量学的要求<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">4体力工作要求发挥团队精神,团结就是力量<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">5 体力工作在飞机维修中一般是技能性工作任务<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">30、重复性工作的特点(P55)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 容易让人失去兴趣和耐性<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 维修人员在从事重复性工作时容易自满<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3重复性工作中的事故征候和故障线索通常很难被重视<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">4 在大量的重复性工作下,维修人员将缺乏警觉性<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">5 重复性工作在飞机维修中通常是技能性工作任务或程序性工作任务<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">31、目视检查的特点(P56)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 需要考虑现场照明强度<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 必须考虑视觉的敏锐性<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 通过大脑对取得的视觉触觉,听觉,嗅觉等信息做综合处理<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:52.3pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-22.5pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 维修人员通过自己的知识水平,经验背景和维修手册要求与检查结果比较作出是否合格的判断<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 目视检查工作中,维修人员可能会因注意力分散而出现漏检现象<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">6 目视检查中工作在飞机维修中通常是程序性工作任务<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">32、如何进一步提高目视检查的可靠性(P57)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 了解所要求检查的区域,部件或者系统(例如工卡要求)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:44.8pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 使用合适的定位方式,确定在飞机上的相应的区域,部件或者系统的位置关系<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:38.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:
2.84gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.0;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 确保周围环境条件有利于目视检查工作的开展。如,照明,湿度,温度,通风,工作空间等。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">4 实施系统的目视搜索,形成有规律的检查习惯<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:38.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:
2.84gd;text-align:left;text-indent:-9.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-1.0;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 对观察到的任何潜在的老化或者缺陷的征候彻底检查,寻根问底,并判断这是否可能造成后果<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">6 随时纪录所有发现的问题,避免因注意力转移而遗忘<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">33、复杂系统工作的特点(P59)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 维修人员需要充分的知觉性,清醒面对复杂的问题<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:44.8pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 复杂工作要求维修人员具有良好的信息处理和对有用信息的筛选的能力<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 复杂工作需要维修人员在综合处理信息,得出结论后进行判断<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 以往类似工作得到的经验往往对维修人员有很大帮助<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 复杂工作通常是知识性的工作任务 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">34、如何做好航空维修中复杂系统的工作(P59)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">答:1 维修人员应当熟悉相关的系统知识<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 专业训练应注意在系统知识、排故分析技能之间达到正确的平衡。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:29.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:
2.84gd;text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 复杂的工作更需要书面的程序和辅助资料作为工作参考,遵守规定的程序和参考相应的飞机维修手册更为重要,特别是警告和注意事项<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:30.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-30.0pt;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:
none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 复杂系统工作一般需要几个专业工种的共同配合,这之间就涉及到维修人员之间的沟通,各工种的前后步骤安排等
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">35、影响语言沟通的主要因素(P63)(语言沟通四要素)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 交谈时声音的强度<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2 交谈时声音的频率<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 音调的和谐<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4 交谈时的语速及停顿<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">36 语言沟通的特点<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 包含交谈时的声音语调要配合身体语言<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 为使接受者清楚明白,发送者需要经常重复<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 接受者有可能会因为干扰而误解发送者的真实意图<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 有确定的沟通对象<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 反馈及时<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">37、有效的书面沟通的要求(P63)(书面沟通定义及四要素)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 清晰《易于理解,可读性强,避免使用生涩或有歧义的词汇》<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 正确《描述准确,尽量使用数字及可量化的表述》<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 完整《确定描述覆盖了整个事实》<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 简洁《直截了当,不拖泥带水,不涉及无关内容》<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">38、书面沟通的特点(P63)(和沟通的问题)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 沟通传递的信息具有可读性,可追溯性<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 方便在任何时候进行沟通,沟通双方不需要同时在场<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 对事物的描述通常比较精确和有逻辑性<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 沟通效率通常较低,双方无法及时取得反馈<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">39、如何减少不良沟通(P65)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 在说和写之前想清楚到底要表达什么<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 说或写要清楚<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 仔细听或读<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 无论什么情况下,只要不明白就应进行确认<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">40、为保证知识和技能的现时有效,飞机维修人员应定期更新哪些信息(P66)(如何保持知识的有效)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:1 心得机型和衍生型号<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 新技术和新的航空系统<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 新的工具和维修方式<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 与自身工作有关的航空器和系统的改装<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 维修程序和方法的更改<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;tab-stops:18.0pt;
mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><u><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">41、人为差错的定义,包括几种情况(P68)<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:-2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">答:认为差错:是指人的行为的结果偏离了规定的目标,并产生了不良影响,表现为一种由维修人员行为所导致的非意向性的航空器的缺陷,这种缺陷后果轻重确定了维修差错的严重程度。<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">1 未执行分配给他的职能<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">2 错误的执行了分配给他的职能<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">3 执行了未赋予的分外职能<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">4 按错误的程序或在错误的时间执行了职能<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:30.0pt;
tab-stops:18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:
ZH-CN">5 执行职能不全面<o:p></o:p></span></p> <P>路过</P>
<P>看看</P>
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