航空知识－防除冰雨装置及燃油系统
**** Hidden Message ***** <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">航空知识－防除冰雨装置及燃油系统</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壹、防除冰雨装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ice and rain protection system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">防冰装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Anti-icing system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是在飞行中不使机身结冰或着冰的装置。而将附着于机身上的冰予以除去的装置，则称为除冰装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">De-icing system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。另外去除挡风玻璃上的雨滴，则称为除雨装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Rain protection system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、防冰装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飞行中，为防止机翼的前缘、发动机进气口、螺旋桨桨叶前缘、天线、空速管以及驾驶舱的挡风玻璃等因低温着冰的防护机能装置。喷射客机都使用自发动机导引出的热空气，导入机翼前缘或发动机进气口，以防着冰。特别在波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">747-400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">777</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两款机种，为测出初期的着冰状况，在机身的前端设置有着冰探测器。一旦察知有着冰现象，系统就会自动除冰。另外在空速管系统以及驾驶舱挡风玻璃上则装设有电热装置，以加热方式来防止着冰。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在冬季降雪或严寒季节时飞航，也有于执行飞行任务前，于地面时就在机身上喷洒防冰液（特别是机翼部位）以防止着冰。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、除冰装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">螺旋桨飞机如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">ATR-72-400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的机翼前缘，所装设的前缘胶套就是一个例子。这是将压缩空气送到前缘胶套，藉由膨胀胶套的方式，将表面上着冰除去的装置。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、除雨装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是除去驾驶舱挡风玻璃上的雨滴或雪花，以维持良好视线的装置。波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">747</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机上于正、副驾驶座前挡风玻璃上各装有一支雨刷，并且有两种速度选择。麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">MD-11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">777</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也使用可间歇式运作的雨刷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">777</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其中央部位的两片挡风玻璃上施有一层排雨薄膜来除雨；麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DC-8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型机则是藉由发动机导出的压缩空气（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pneumatic air</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在挡风玻璃前喷出，形成一道气幕以除去雨滴。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贰、燃油系统（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燃油系统包括储存燃油的燃油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），由外部输送到燃油箱的燃油补给装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel fill system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）或称加油装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel feed system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），以及在紧急时，将机身内的燃油排放于机外的燃油排放装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel dump</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">jettsion</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。另外，为使燃油箱内液面压力与外气压相等，所装设的燃油通气系统（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel vent system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）等各种系统及指示仪表装置组成。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在驾驶舱内的指示仪表装置，有指示油箱内燃油残量，以重量单位表示（磅或公斤）的油量表（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel quantity gauge</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、指示供给各发动机燃油压力（每平方英呎╱磅）的燃油压力表（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel pressure gauge</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），警告燃油供给压力降低的警告灯（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Warning light</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），指示单位时间燃油供给流量（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">PPH</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，磅╱时）的燃油流量表（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel flow meter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），以及计算燃油消耗量（磅或公斤）的燃油消耗流量表（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Consumed fuel flow meter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。此外还包括操作燃油供给装置（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fuel supply system</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）油阀的开关等。在多发动机飞机上，原则上各发动机的燃油供给装置及指示仪表，是各自分开独立的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、燃油箱</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燃油箱大都装设在主翼内，依其构造分为结构式油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Integral tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，或称槽式油箱）及桶式油箱。结构式油箱是将机身结构物做为燃油容器（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bladder</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），主翼的部份是利用前梁、后梁及翼上下蒙皮所围成的空间，也就是在盒型翼梁（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Box beam</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的内侧，加上防渗漏措施而成，在大型飞机及战机上现均采用此种方式。筒式油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cell tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是将合成橡胶制的燃油容器装在主翼或机身内，此结构的油箱多使用在小型飞机上；但在大型机中也有例外，在麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DC-10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">MD-11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机身下层的中央油箱就是采用此结构的机种。另外依使用目的，各具发动机使用的油箱又有主油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Main tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、副油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alternate tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）或辅助油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Auxiliary tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）之分。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">MD-11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型机利用水平安定面（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Horizontal stabilizer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的一部份，做为结构式油箱，此方式称为尾翼油箱（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tail tank</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），以增加续航距离。为使尾翼油箱的燃油消耗，不会影响飞机重心移动太大，皆加装尾翼油箱燃油交流转送（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cross-feed</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）自动控制装置。装设尾翼油箱目前似乎以成为大型商用机标准装备的趋势，波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">747-400</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">MD-11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">均采用之。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、燃油补给装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地面上的飞机燃油补给方式分为重力补给式（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">gravity refueling</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）及压力补给式（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fueling refueling</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）两种。重力补给式是于短时间内补给到油箱的加油方式，将燃油补给口（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fueling adapter</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）接到位于机外的加油装置（或加油车），由加油装置将燃油加压，经由油岐管（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Manifold</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），给油阀分送到各油箱。波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">747</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右主翼前缘下方各有一个燃油补给口，每个燃油补给口分别各有两个接油嘴，经由</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="50" UnitName="磅"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磅</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">压力，四个接油嘴合计可有每分钟受油</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="2000" UnitName="加仑"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加仑</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的能力，整架飞机全部油箱加满约须</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、燃油供给装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燃油供给装置是指由油箱到发动机或辅助动力单元（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">APU</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的燃油管线系统。经由燃油增压帮浦（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Booster pump</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），压送燃油经由发动机燃油交流转送阀（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Engine fuel cross-feed valve</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），可将任何油箱中的燃油输送到任一具发动机中。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、燃油排放装置</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起飞后的飞机因故须紧急返回机场时，为使飞机能达到安全降落重量的标准，须将多余燃油排出。燃油排放能力，一般大型机须在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟内完成，在波音</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">727</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">747</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两主翼翼端各有一处，麦道</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">DC-10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">MD-11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在外侧副翼（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Aileron</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）左右各有一条泄油管，泄油管平均每分钟可泄油</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5500</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磅。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五、燃油测量棒</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这是除驾驶舱中的油量表外，直接能测得油箱内燃油剩余量的测量棒（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dripstick</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。测量棒在外观上刻有刻度，垂直装设于油箱中，可用工具将其拉出量测。也有利用磁式测量棒显示油面停留位置来量测的方式称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dripless measuring stick</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，现新款的商用机均使用此种方式。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P> ok1111111111111111111 迫不及待哩！ganxie! 太棒了，:hug:
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