波音737NG（737-600/700/800/900）飞机近地警告系统（GPWS）
<P>**** Hidden Message *****</P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>第三十五章<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>近地警告系统（<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>一、功用：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>页）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>当飞机过于接近地形处于不安全的状态时，或飞机进入风切变区域时，向机组发出警告。<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>和可装载的软件库给机组提供地形警告提示，它是通过机场周围区域的详细地形信息显示完成的。<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>也提供过早下降的警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式一：过大的下降率</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式二：对上升的地形（山峰）过大的接近率</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式三：飞机不在着陆状态（在起飞或复飞时），飞机在爬高期间丢失过多的高度。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式四：飞机不在着陆状态（同上）飞机与地形间距太小，没有足够的地形净空。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式五：飞机起落架放下并在近进过程中，低于下滑道的偏离过大。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式六：飞机下降通过选择的无线电高度时，发出语音提示。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>方式七：风切变方式。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>除上述<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>种方式外，还有两种辅助方式：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑴</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>静空<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>离地<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>高度层警告（<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>）；用于下降早期。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑵</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>已知的地形警告：显示飞机周围的地形。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>GPWS</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>的警告和警戒信息通过驾驶舱的音响和灯光给出。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>三、部件位置：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>下滑道抑制开关：<SPAN lang=EN-US>P1</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>P3</SPAN>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>近地警告警告组件（<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>）：<SPAN lang=EN-US>P3</SPAN>下面。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> EFIS</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>控制板。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> PFD</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>地形<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>气象继电器：<SPAN lang=EN-US>745</SPAN>在前轮舱右边<SPAN lang=EN-US>J24</SPAN>板，<SPAN lang=EN-US>746</SPAN>在前轮舱左边<SPAN lang=EN-US>J22</SPAN>板。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>监控电路。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．起落架位置信号：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>从起落架手柄电门来的信号经<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>的起落架抑制电门到<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>，当起落架抑制电门在抑制位时，模拟一个起落架放下信号。起落架信号用于<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>的方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 4</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．襟翼抑制信号：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> GPWM</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>上襟翼抑制电门在抑制位时，给出一个襟翼放出信号到<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 5</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．地形抑制信号：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> GPWM</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>上地形抑制电门在抑制位时，抑制<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>的增强功能，对<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>的方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>至<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>不起作用。只抑制地形提醒、地形警告、地形显示、地形音响信息。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 6</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>也送出测试信号给<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>给出<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC INOP</SPAN>离散信号到<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>，点亮<SPAN lang=EN-US>INOP</SPAN>灯。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 7</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．<SPAN lang=EN-US>PSEU</SPAN>信号：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>空地逻辑用于方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>警告、抑制空中测试和记录航段。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 8</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>输出：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>输出抑制信号给<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCAS</SPAN>，当出现<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>警告时抑制<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCAS</SPAN>音响警告并把<SPAN lang=EN-US>RA</SPAN>降为<SPAN lang=EN-US>TA</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>音响有一个例外，方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>的音响可同时出现在<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCAS</SPAN>音响警告时。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>输出抑制信号到<SPAN lang=EN-US>PWS</SPAN>，抑制<SPAN lang=EN-US>PWS</SPAN>的音响警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>送出离散信号到<SPAN lang=EN-US>G/S</SPAN>抑制开关，当方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>警告发生时，按压灯，<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>使灯灭并抑制音响警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 9</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．程序开关组件：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>提供飞机类型、方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>的高度报告、高<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>低语音电平的选择。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．<SPAN lang=EN-US>EFIS</SPAN>控制板：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN>页）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>有关的电门包括<SPAN lang=EN-US>TERR</SPAN>地图电门、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>方式电门、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>距离选择电门。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑴</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>压下<SPAN lang=EN-US>TERR</SPAN>电门时，本侧<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>显示地形数据。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑵</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>显示地形的<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>方式包括扩展的<SPAN lang=EN-US>MAP</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>VOR</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>APP</SPAN>、中央地图方式。当选择了<SPAN lang=EN-US>TERR</SPAN>电门而<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>方式未选择正确位时，地形数据预位。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑶</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>地形数据显示距离最大到<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="海里" SourceValue="320" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>320</SPAN>海里</st1:chmetcnv>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．近地警告组件（<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>）：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>试验电门可以启动<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>的自测试程序。按压电门小于<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>秒可以取消测试程序，按压电门大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>秒可以取消一个级别的测试。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>七、<SPAN lang=EN-US> GPWS</SPAN>增强型功能：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>59</SPAN>页）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>1</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．概述；</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>比较飞机位置、襟翼和起落架位置以及地形空间距离寻找已知存在的提醒或警告条件，<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>从<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ADIRU</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>CDS</SPAN>、起落架开关组件、<SPAN lang=EN-US>WXR</SPAN>接收信号用于特征地形功能。<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>用于飞机定位，<SPAN lang=EN-US>ADIRU</SPAN>用于备用定位，但<SPAN lang=EN-US>ADIRU</SPAN>最长可以使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>分钟，如果<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>分钟后，<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>信号仍无效，增强功能将断开。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．地形特征计算：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>增强性<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>内部有全世界地形数据库，<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>比较飞机位置和数据库内的地形数据，当发现有地形危险时发出警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．地形显示：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>EGPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>描绘出飞机前方的数字地形图，以不同颜色的点显示出相对飞机的地形高度在<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>上。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑴</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>如果发现<SPAN lang=EN-US>60</SPAN>秒内有一个与地形的冲突，<SPAN lang=EN-US>EGPWC</SPAN>将发出提醒信息，包括：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">CAUTION TERRAIN</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>音响。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上琥珀色<SPAN lang=EN-US>“TERRAIN”</SPAN>字符。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上地形显示。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>POP UP</SPAN>）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上危险地形从点变成黄色。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑵</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>如果发现<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>秒内有一个与地形的冲突，<SPAN lang=EN-US>EGPWC</SPAN>将发出警告信息，包括：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">TERRAIN PULL UP</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>语音。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">PFD</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上红色<SPAN lang=EN-US>PULL UP</SPAN>字符。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上红色<SPAN lang=EN-US>TERRAIN</SPAN>字符。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">④</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上地形自动显示。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>POP UP</SPAN>）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">⑤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>上危险地形从点变成红色。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>十、地形高度层功能：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>63</SPAN>页）</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 1</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．概述：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>地形高度层（<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>）功能用于当飞机在近进时下降太低给机组发出警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．输入：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>接收<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ADIRU</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>LRRA</SPAN>数据，<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>功能使用经纬度和无线电高度数据。当<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPS</SPAN>信号无效时，使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>IRS</SPAN>位置数据。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．地形高度层逻辑；</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>GPWC</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>有一个跑道数据库，跑道数据库在地形数据库中。跑道数据库包括了全世界跑道长度大于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="3500" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3500</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>的跑道周围硬表面的位置，<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>内部形成一个环绕跑道的地形高度包络线，该高度包络随距机场距离的增加而增高成梯形状态，<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>比较飞机经纬度、高度与<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>包络数据，如果飞机下降到包络线的高度层面上，则发出警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>即使飞机起落架放下，<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>警告功能也有效。<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>功能工作在整个飞行阶段，当飞机距跑道大于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="海里" SourceValue="15" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>海里</st1:chmetcnv>，高度层为<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="700" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>700</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>AGL</SPAN>：<SPAN lang=EN-US>ABOVE GROUND LEVEL</SPAN>）。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>十三、包络调制：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 1</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．在起飞或近进时，有些特殊的点会产生不必要的<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>警告。因为这些点在航图中已有标注，飞行员早已知道，包络调制就是为了抑制这些特殊点的<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>警告。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3> 2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．包络调制采用记忆的办法，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>中记下这些特殊的点的经、纬度并保留有一定余量公差，当飞机飞临该地区时，检测到一个输入的识别信号，此识别信号用一个特定的数码表示。如果输入的信号与存储的代码一致，则产生包络调制。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．突起目标处理：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>如果在航道上有突起目标，则采用<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>突起区标高<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的办法进行确定。即用气压高度减去无线电高度，其差值与内存的突起目标相比较，如果一致则进行包络调制。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>十五、地形显示；</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>ND</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>上预知地形显示点的颜色和密度与飞机到地形的相对高度有关。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>1</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．红色高密度；在飞机高度以上大于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="2000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2000</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．黄色高密度：在飞机高度以上</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>1000—<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="2000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">2000<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>英尺</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>。<BR>3</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>．黄色中等密度：在飞机高度以下<SPAN lang=EN-US>500—</SPAN>以上<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="1000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1000</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>，起落架放下后<SPAN lang=EN-US>500</SPAN>变为<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="250" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>250</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>4</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．绿色中等密度：在飞机高度以下<SPAN lang=EN-US>500—<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="1000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">1000<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>英尺</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>。起落架放下后变为500</SPAN></SPAN>变为<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="250" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>250</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>5</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．绿色低密度：在 飞机高度以下</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>1000—<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="2000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">2000<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>英尺</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>。<BR>6</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>．黑色：在飞机高度以下大于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="英尺" SourceValue="2000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2000</SPAN>英尺</st1:chmetcnv>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>7</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．洋红色；未知的地形。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>提醒和警告显示都将点变成固定的块显示。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>8</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．不正常的显示：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">⑴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>左侧可以显示不正常信息；</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>TERR POS</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>：飞机位置无效。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>TERR INHIBIT</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>；压下了抑制电门。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>TERR FAIL</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>TCF</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>TA</SPAN>故障。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑵</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>距离不一致信息：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>TERR RANGE DISAGREE</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>：<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>距离与<SPAN lang=EN-US>EFIS</SPAN>控制板选择距离不一致。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>MAP/TERR RANGE DISAGREE</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>：<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>距离与<SPAN lang=EN-US>EFIS</SPAN>控制板选择距离和<SPAN lang=EN-US>FMC</SPAN>距离不一致。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>十六、自测试：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>1</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>有六个级别的测试，每个级别提供不同的<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>信息。六个级别是；</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑴</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>正常<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>非正常测试。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑵</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>现在故障。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑶</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>系统构型。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑷</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>历史故障。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑸</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>提醒<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>警告历史记录。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑹</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>离散输入试验。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>2</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．一个级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>的测试可以提供驾驶舱目视和音响信息。条件是：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑴</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>飞机在地面。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">⑵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">GPWS</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>电源有电。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">⑶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">ND</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>方式选在正确的方式。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">⑷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">TERR</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>电门被选择。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>⑸</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><FONT size=3>有关的系统在位并有电。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>启动级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>测试可以在<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWM</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>上进行，但用<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWC</SPAN>测试时将看不到驾驶舱显示。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>3</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．置信度自测试：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>按压<SPAN lang=EN-US>“TEST”</SPAN>电门小于<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>秒钟，驾驶舱有<SPAN lang=EN-US>“INOP”</SPAN>、</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>“BLOW G/S”</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>灯亮<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.7</SPAN>秒、<SPAN lang=EN-US>PFD</SPAN>上<SPAN lang=EN-US>PULL UP</SPAN>字符出现<SPAN lang=EN-US>07</SPAN>秒、<SPAN lang=EN-US>PFD</SPAN>上<SPAN lang=EN-US>“WINDSHEAR”</SPAN>字符<SPAN lang=EN-US>07</SPAN>秒、<SPAN lang=EN-US>ND</SPAN>上地形试验图形显示<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>秒、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“GLIDE SLOPE”</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“WHOP PULL UP”</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>猫头鹰叫<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“WINDSHEAR”</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“TERRAIN”</SPAN>音响。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>4</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．全话音测试：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>按压<SPAN lang=EN-US>“TEST”</SPAN>电门并保持大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>秒钟。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>驾驶舱中出现全部<SPAN lang=EN-US>GPWS</SPAN>语音（见表）。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR><FONT size=3>5</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3>．级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>2-6</SPAN>测试：</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>当级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>测试完成后，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>秒内按压测试电门，则进入级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>2—5</SPAN>的测试，每级测试开始前，会有语音提示。当级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>完成后将有语音<SPAN lang=EN-US>“PRESS TO CONTINUE”</SPAN>。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>测试电门可以用于跳过某一测试。按压测试电门小于<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>秒（短删除），测试进入下一个内容（或下一个航段，或下一个构型）。按压测试电门大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>秒（长删除），测试进入下一个级别。</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN><FONT size=3>做级别<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>测试时，一定要插好起落架销子。</FONT></SPAN></P>回复 1# 航空 的帖子
辛苦辛苦，学习学习 波音737NG（737-600/700/800/900）飞机近地警告系统（GPWS） 感谢楼主分享 谢谢共享。。。。。。。。。 看看！！！！！！！！！！！！11 看看看咳咳咳~~~ 谢谢楼主…………。 是事实上是
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