RNP RNAV A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT

航空论坛 发表于 2011-8-29 14:56:30

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航空论坛 发表于 2011-8-29 14:56:59

ACCURACY INTEGRITY CONTINUITY AVAILABILITY RNP RNP RNAV A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT RNP is based on the navigation performance accuracy required of the population of aircraft using the airspace •State responsible for RNP airspace must define the requirements and ensure that adequate CNS services are available within the airspace to provide safe separation •Aircraft must be approved by State of Registry as being able to meet the RNP ICAO RNP Concept (Airspace) Estimated Position True Position Path Definition Error Path Steering Error Position Estimation Error Desired Path Defined Path TotalSystem Error Aviation RNP RNAV Concept Na RNP RNAV is referenced to the aircraft Defined Path ICAO RNP is referenced to the airspace Desired Path Desired Path RNP 95% RNP RNAV Path ICAO Actual Path Desired Path RNP 95% RNP Defined Path Containment Limit 99.999% Containment Limit SC-181/ WG-13 Actual Path RNP capability 99.99% (Containment Continuity) Referenced to aircraft & defined path RNP 95% RNP Containment Limit 99.999% Containment Limit Referenced to defined path, based upon position estimation error, path definition error and flight technical error, detected and undetected faults 2 x RNP Defined Path Aviation RNP RNAV Concept Path Definition Errors must still be considered Path Terminators Aviation RNP RNAV Concept Associated Path Definition Errors Earth Model Magnetic Variation Coordinate Resolution Radius Resolution Course Resolution Direct to a Fix (DF) POPP PLMX Track to a Fix (TF) PLMX POPP Fix to an Altitude (FA) Course to a Fix (CF) PLMX Constant Radius to a Fix (RF) PLMX Holding (HX) POPP 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 737 747 757/767 777 737 747 757/767 777 LNAV with Autopilot Engaged LNAV with Flight Director Manual Control with Map Display Example of Flight Technical Error Components Enroute Terminal/Approach * * * * * Industry standard values. RNP Capable Aircraft
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP 1 En-route Navigation 4 NM Primary Area 2 NM Secondary Area Fix Tolerance Area = RNP Value Semi-Width = 2xRNP+2 NM = 4 NM Total Width = 4xRNP+4 NM = 8 NM RNP = 1.0 NM RNP RNAV System Containment = 1 NM 2 NM Secondary Area En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP En-route Obstacle Clearance - Fly-by Turn ATT(=RNP) c E E1 E2 A A/2 Wind Spiral s Constant width (A/W) associated with RNP value 30° s = start of nominal turn r = radius of turn c = 10 sec (en-route pilot reaction time) En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS s P J O Y I Y/2 RNP + 1 NM RNP + 1 NM r = Os = 15 NM at/below FL190 = 22.5 NM at/above FL200 x = RNP LK = 1.414 (RNP+1 NM) OK = r + LK K L M R Controlled Turn System Functional Performance - Minimum Requirements Function B-RNAV P-RNAV RNP5 RNAV RNP 1 RNAV 95% containment 5 NM 1 NM 5 NM 1 NM System integrity (per Flight Hour) - - 10-5 10-5 Continuity of Function (failure per flight Hour)2 10-4 10-5 10-5 10-5 Cross Track Deviation Display or Output R R R R AFCS Output O R R R Waypoint sequencing R R R R En-route Fly-over turn anticipation P P P P En-route Fly-by turn anticipation R R R R En-route fixed radius turn O O O R TMA Fly-over turn execution R R O O TMA Fly-by turn anticipation O R R R TMA defined radius turn O O R R Parallel offsets O R R R Entry and recoveryt from offsets O R R R “Direct to” function R R R R Holding procedure (RNP) O O R R Holding procedure (conventional) O O O O Display bearing distance and time to waypoints R R R R Performance monitoring O O R R Sensor monitoring R R R R Alert outputs Equipment failure Mode reversion R O R O R R R R Eurocontrol RNAV Standard Maximum Indicated Airspeed Maximum Altitude 95% RNP Containment area d2 d1 d3 Hold Waypoint Inbound track to the holding fix d4 RNP HOLDING PATTERN DEFINITION ? ( ) tanq 2 + d2 = K V Vw d3 = RNP d1 > d2 En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP En-Route Obstacle Clearance - RNP 1 Example for hold at 14000ft, max bank angle of 23 degrees, 230 knots airspeed ~20 NM ~32 NM d2 d4 d3=RNP=X Buffer Area = greater of: X+2 NM or 5 NM d1 1.414X A T 70° A Entry Sectors 1 4 2 3 A 70° Sector 1 Entry Sector 2 Entry A 70° Sector 2 Entry A 70° Sector 3 Entry A 70° Sector 4 Entry Holding Entries RNP Protection RNAV Hold Entry Protection En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP vs RNAV Hold Protection RNAV Hold Basic Area Width of the initial approach area IAF Width of the “en-route” protection area Beginning of the arrival route 30o 2xM + 2 NM 2xN + 1 NM RNP “M” 25 NM RNP “N” Length of the arrival segment greater than or equal to 25 NM RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS Width of the initial approach area IAF Beginning of the arrival route 30o RNP “N” 25 NM RNP “M” Length of the arrival segment less than 25 NM 2xM + 2 NM 2xN + 1 NM RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point RNP wind spiral Fly-By c S A/2 30o Constant Width (2A/W) Associated with RNP Primary Area Secondary Area 2xRNP + B way-point A track XXX° track YYY° Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach 0 .5 NM, final/missed approach track YYY° track XXX° RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point RNP wind spiral Fly-Over way-point c TP Secondary Area Primary Area A/2 Constant Width (2A/W) Associated with RNP A 2xRNP + B Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach 0 .5 NM, final/missed approach s P J O Y Y/2 LK = 1.414 (RNP + B/2) OK = r + LK K L M R RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point Secondary Area Primary Area ( ) tanq 2 + r = K V Vw 2xRNP + B Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach 0.5 NM, final/missed approach RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure First way-point located in constant width RNP area Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS Constant width (2A/W) associated with RNP Primary area Limit of the RNAV departure area DER ± 150 m 1.9 NM 15°+a 15o track XXXo 2xRNP + 0.5 NM a a Secondary area RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure First way-point located prior to constant width RNP area Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS Constant width (2A/W) associated with RNP Primary area Secondary area Limit of the RNAV departure area DER ± 150 m 1.9 NM 15°+a 15° track XXXo 2xRNP + 0.5 NM First way-point a RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP wind spiral Fly-By c S A/2 30o Constant Width (2A/W) Associated with RNP 15oPrimary Area 15° ± 150 m Secondary Area 2xRNP + 0.5 NM way-point K K' A track XXX° track YYY° track YYY° track XXX° RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS RNP wind spiral Fly-Over way-point c TP Secondary Area Primary Area A/2 15o 15o ± 150 m dr 2xRNP + 0.5 NM Constant Width (2A/W) Associated with RNP A K K' RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at an altitude Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS wind c spiral TP Primary Area ± 150 m dr 15o 15o Secondary Area 2xRNP + 0.5 NM Latest TP 600m 15o Secondary Area Obstacles in this area must be considered twice: 1) in the straight segment, use of reduced margins associated with secondary area; 2) in the turns, use of full margins associated with turns track XXX° s P J O Y Y/2 LK = 1.414 (RNP + 0.25 NM) OK = r + LK K L M R RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS Secondary Area Primary Area Constant Width (2A/W) Associated with RNP 2xRNP + 0.5 NM ( ) tanq 2 + r = K V Vw RNP Capable Aircraft 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 737 747 757/767 777 737 747 757/767 777 LNAV with Autopilot Engaged LNAV with Flight Director Manual Control with Map Display GPS non-GPS Example of Minimum Demonstrated RNPs Total System Error FTE Altimetry Error Path Definition Error Defined Path True Position Estimated Position Desired Path Vertical RNP Concept RNP RNAV Are you CONVINCED ? Questions ?

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RNP RNAV A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT