空客A340概述 General Information: Airbus A340-200/300/500/600
**** Hidden Message *****General Information: Airbus A340-200 / 300 500 / 600
A340-200 A340-300 A340-500 A340-600 Dimensions: Length 194'10" 208'11" 219' 2" 243'11" Wing Span 197' 9" 197' 9" 208 7" 208' 7" Height 55' 0" 55' 0" 55' 0" 55' 0" Weights (lbs): Empty 265,102 272,758 344,031 373,640 Fuel 275,590 248,920 371,602 346,700 Payload 102,047 113,117 MTOW 566,685 566,685 784,980 784,980 Maximum Take-off Weight MLW 401,310 407,925 550,000 550,000 Maximum Landing Weight
Engines A340-200/300
. 4 * 154kN CFM International CFM56-5C4 Turbofans (34,650 lb.) Thrust
A340-500/600
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4 * 235kN Rolls-Royce Trent 500 turbofans (52,875 lb.) thrust
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4 * 250kN Rolls-Royce Trent 500 turbofans (56,250 lb.) thrust
Operating Performance A340-200/300/500/600
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Mno 0.82 Mach Normal Operating Speed
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Mmo 0.86 Mach Max. Operating Speed
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Mne 0.90 Mach Never Exceed Speed
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Vno 330 knots Normal Operating Speed IAS
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Vmo 360 knots Max. Operating Speed IAS
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Vne 450 knots Never Exceed Speed IAS
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Vat 134-145 knots Landing @ Runway Threshold Speed @ MLW full flap/Gear down
* DO NOT Exceed 250kts @ or Below 10,000ft Altitude.*
Take-off speed @ MTOW:
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V1 140kts @ flap2/3 (V1 is the go or no-go decision speed)
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VR 145-150kts (VR is the rotation speed ie lift-off speed)
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V2 150 -160kts (V2 is the safe climb-out speed)
ILS & Approach speed @ MLW:
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180 kts Flap2 (Kyb 2) to full flap/gear down @ Vat 136 - 145 kts
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Vat = 1.30 Vso (Vso is stall speed @ full flap/gear down)
Cruise Speed
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Max Cruise Speed 494kts Cruise Altitude 30,000 - 35,000ft depending on weight.
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Typical Cruise Speed is 0.78 -0.82 Mach @ FL300 -FL350 (30,000-35,000ft)
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Long Range Cruise is 465kts @ 35,000ft
When flying long routes (over 5hrs) with MTOW, climb to FL300 & hold Alt with cruise speed 0.78 -0.80 Mach , then fly that level for 30-45 min. then climb to FL310 - 320 @500 fpm and so on until you reach FL350 @ 0.80 - 0.82 Mach.
Try not exceed 91% N1 during cruise in order to have available thrust for emergencies & be more efficient with fuel burn. The reason I mentioned the above procedure with X-Plane is to avoid too much nose pitch up attitude which put the aircraft wing @ higher angle of attack causing speed bleed leading to a clean stall if you are not careful.
The time taken between cruise climb is important because the aircraft will burn fuel (losing weight), your speed will gradually increase @ the same N1 setting , your aircraft pitch up will decrease helping you for the next cruise climb. Rate of climb at these alts should be between 300-500 fpm in order not to lose speed rapidly. The more you climb to FL350 the more the air density is less the better the engine fuel consumption (more range)& the less is thrust.
I usually output data for N1 on the screen & switch the EICAS (Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System) to fuel management to observe aircraft status on fuel burn & range.
You should carry fuel enough for the flight + 40mins for diversions & emergencies i.e. if your trip is 5hrs long, you load fuel for the required 5hrs flight plus fuel for an extra 40 min. You should know your aircraft's average fuel consumption for the type of engines fitted with in order to determine the fuel weight required for the flight. Remember that weight is drag, drag is more fuel burn which costs money (for virtual pilots flying for virtual airlines), so do not carry fuel more than you need. You have a destination to go to & MLW limit. You do not want to arrive to your destination with total weight above MLW!.
FAR Field Lengths
Take-off 9,150 ft to 10,500 ft Landing 6,100 ft to 6,870 ft
Take-off Check List
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Allowable Take-off Weight (MTOW or lower) Checked
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Flaps Set
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Trim Set
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Autopilot Controls Off
Final Landing Check List
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Gear Down/Green
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Flaps/Slats Set/ 3 or 4
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Speed Brakes Armed (shift-8)
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ILS freq Tuned
During Descent Check
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Check Allowable Landing Weight (MLW or lower)
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Review your ILS approach & Runway heading
ROC Rate Of Climb
Below 10,000ft
. max. 4,000 fpm @ 250kts (fpm is Feet per minute)
* DO NOT Exceed 250kts @ or Below 10,000ft Altitude.*
Climb Speed above 10,000ft to Cruise Flight Level FL
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2000 -2500fpm from 10,000 -20,000ft @ 260 -350kts
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2000 -1500fpm from 20,000 -26,000ft
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1500 -300fpm from 26,000 -35,000 ft depending on weight.
ROD Rate Of Descent
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From Cruise FL to 10,000ft hold 0.78 Mach until 290 kts, reduce thrust for 2500 fpm
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Below 10,000ft rate of descent varies with ATC requirements, but is between 800 -3000fpm
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In normal conditions 250kts idle descent , then slow & configure speed so as to not add power until on Glide Slope.
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Glide Slope descend is between 1500 - 500fpm depending on your situation
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At Runway Threshold descend between 400 -200fpm for a smooth touchdown landing ( A Greaser Landing).
Thanks to Mohammed Gazzawi, Designer/Test Pilot MGXP
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