VFR Flight Guide INDEX
ACCELERATE STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE (ASDA)The take-off run available plus the length of stopway available
(if stopway is provided).
AERODROME BEACON (ABN)
A light, visible intermittently at all azimuths, used to indicate the location of an
aerodrome from the air.
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE
ATC service for aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER
A unit established to provide ATC service to aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME ELEVATION
The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL MINIMA (Ceiling and Visibility Minima)
The minimum heights of cloud base (ceiling) and minimum values of visibility which
are prescribed in pursuance of CAR 257 for the purpose of determining the usability
of an aerodrome either for take-off or landing.
AERODROME REFERENCE POINT (ARP)
The designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
AERODROME TRAFFIC
All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the
vicinity of an aerodrome.
Note: An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is, in, entering, or leaving
the traffic circuit.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR (AIC)
A notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a
NOTAM, or for inclusion in the AIP, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation,
technical, administrative, or legislative matters.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION (AIP)
A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical
information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
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DEFINITIONS
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT CATEGORIES
For the purposes of wake turbulence separation aircraft are divided into the
following weight categories:
• HEAVY (H) - All aircraft of 136,000KG maximum take-off or more;
• MEDIUM (M) - Aircraft of less than 136,000KG maximum take-off
weight but more than 7,000KG maximum take-off weight.
• LIGHT (L) - Aircraft of 7,000KG maximum take-off weight or less.
AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS (A/G)
Two-way communications between aircraft and stations on the surface of the earth.
AIR-REPORT (AIREP)
A report prepared by the pilot during the course of a flight in conformity with the
requirements for position, operational or meteorological reporting in the AIREP
form.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE
Authorisation for aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an Air Traffic
control unit.
NOTE 1: For convenience, the term ※Air Traffic Control Clearance§
is frequently abbreviated to ※Clearance§ when used in appropriate context.
NOTE 2: The abbreviated term ※Clearance§ may be prefixed by ※Taxi§,※Take-Off§,
※Departure§, ※En-route§, Approach§,
or ※Landing§ to indicate the particular portion of the flight
to which the Air Traffic control Clearance relates.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
Directions given by a person performing duty in Air Traffic control for an aircraft to
conduct its flight in the manner specified in the directions.
AIR TRANSIT
Means the airborne movement of a helicopter that is:
• For the expeditious transit from one place within an aerodrome
to another place within the aerodrome.
• At or below 100FT above the surface, and
• At speeds greater than those used in air taxiing.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES
Means any service provided by Air Traffic Control when performing a function
referred to in Air Service Regulation 3.02 and includes a traffic advisory service,
traffic avoidance advice and traffic information.
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DEFINITIONS
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS)
ATC service, flight information service and SAR alerting service.
AIRWAYS CLEARANCE
A clearance, issued by ATC, to operate in controlled airspace along a designated
track or route at a specified level to a specified point or flight planned destination.
ALERTING SERVICE
A service provided to notify an appropriate organisation regarding aircraft in need of
search and rescue air, and to assist such organisation as required.
ALL-OVER FIELD
A defined landing area selected or prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft
in various directions.
ALTIMETER SETTING
A pressure datum which when set on the sub-scale of a sensitive altimeter causes
the altimeter to indicate vertical displacement from that datum.
A pressure-type altimeter calibrated in accordance with Standard Atmosphere may
be used to indicate altitude, height or flight levels, as follows:
• When set to QNH or Area QNH it will indicate altitude;
• When set to Standard Pressure (1013.2 HPA ) it may be used to
indicate flight levels.
ALTITUDE (ALT)
The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object, considered as a point,
measured from mean sea level.
NOTE: In aeronautical terms, altitude is measured in feet. For flight planning, the
letter§A§ followed by 3 figures denotes specific altitude, eg A060 for 6000FT
AMSL.
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE
ATC service for arriving or departing flights.
APPROACH SEQUENCE
The order in which two or more aircraft are cleared to approach to land at the
aerodrome.
APRON
A defined area on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for
purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, fuelling, parking or
maintenance.
APRON SERVICE
A traffic regulatory and information service provided to aircraft using the apron area
of an aerodrome.
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DEFINITIONS
AREA CONTROL CENTRE (ACC)
A unit established to provide area control service.
AREA CONTROL SERVICE
ATC service in control areas.
AREA QNH
A forecast altimeter setting which is representative of the QNH of any location
within a particular area.
AUTOMATIC ENROUTE INFORMATION SERVICE (AERIS)
The provision of operational information enroute by means of continuous and
repetitive broadcasts.
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS)
The provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by
means of continuous and repetitive broadcasts during the hours when the unit
responsible for the service is in operation.
BLOCK LEVEL
A section of airspace with specified upper and lower limits on a specified track.
BRIEFING
The act of giving in advance, specific pre-flight instructions or information to
aircrew.
CEILING
The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud
below 20,000FT covering more than one-half of the sky.
CENTRE
A generic callsign used in the en route and area environment which can include Air
Traffic Control (procedural or radar), Advisory, Flight Information and Alerting
services, depending on the classification of airspace in which the service is provided.
CLEARANCE LIMIT
The point specified in an air traffic control clearance to which an aircraft
is authorised to proceed.
CLEARANCE EXPIRY TIME
The time, if specified, in an air traffic control clearance at which the authorisation
granted therein is withdrawn.
CLEARWAY
A defined rectangular area on the ground or water at the end of a runway in the
direction of take-off and under the control of the Competent Authority, selected or
prepared as a suitable area over which an aircraft may make a portion of its initial
climb to a specified height.
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COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY (CTAF)
A frequency for pilots to exchange traffic information while operating to or from an
aerodrome without an operating control tower or within a designated area. Where
established, a CTAF will be shown in ERSA FAC.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control services are provided
to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification
CONTROL AREA (CTA)
A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth.
CONTROL ZONE (CTR)
A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified
upper limit.
CROSSWIND SHEAR
A wind shear occurrence which requires a rapid change in aircraft heading to
maintain track.
CRUISE/CLIMB
An aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net increase in altitude as the
aeroplane weight decreases.
CRUISING LEVEL
A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight.
NOTE: The word ※level§, except in the expression ※flight level§ is used
to designate the vertical position of an aircraft regardless of the reference
datum or the units of vertical distance used.
In air-ground communications a level will be expressed in terms of ※altitude§
or ※flight level§, depending on the reference datum and the altimeter
setting in use.
DAY
That period of time from the beginning of morning civil twilight to the end of
evening civil twilight.
DEAD RECKONING (DR) NAVIGATION
The estimating or determining of position by advancing an earlier known position by
the application of direction, time and speed data.
DENSITY HEIGHT
An atmospheric density expressed in terms of height which corresponds to that
density in the standard atmosphere.
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DEFINITIONS
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)
Equipment which measures in nautical miles, the slant range of an aircraft from the
selected DME ground station.
DME DISTANCE
The slant range from the source of a DME signal to the receiving antenna.
DISTRESS
A stage of being threatened by serious and imminent danger and of requiring
immediate assistance.
DOMESTIC FLIGHT
A flight between two points within Australia.
ELEVATION (ELEV)
The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth,
measured from mean sea level.
EMERGENCY PHASES
•Uncertainly Phase: A situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an
aircraft and its occupants.
• Alert Phase: A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety
of an aircraft and its occupants.
• Distress Phase: A situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft
and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require
immediate assistance.
ESTIMATE
The time at which it is estimated that an aircraft will be over a position reporting
point or over the destination.
ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME
The estimated time to proceed from one significant point to another.
ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL
For VFR flights, the time at which the aircraft is estimated to arrive over the
aerodrome of intended landing.
FINAL LEG
The path of an aircraft in a straight line immediately preceding the landing
(alighting) of the aircraft.
FIX
A geographical position of an aircraft at a specific time determined by visual
reference to the surface, or by navigational aids.
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DEFINITIONS
FLIGHT FILE
A file stored on the NAIPS system which contains stored briefings,
or a stored flight notification. Flight files are owned by pilots and / or operators,
and updated at their request.
FLIGHT INFORMATION
Information which may be of assistance to a pilot in the planning and progress of a
flight.
FLIGHT INFORMATION AREA (FIA)
An airspace of defined dimensions, excluding controlled airpsace, within which
flight information and SAR alerting services are provided by an ATS unit.
NOTE: FIA＊s may be sub-divided to permit the specified ATS unit to provide its
services on a discrete frequency or family of frequencies within particular
areas.
FLIGHT INFORMATION CENTRE
A unit established to provide flight information and SAR alerting services.
FLIGHT INFORMATION OFFICE
A unit providing briefing and debriefing services.
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR)
An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and
alerting service are provided.
FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (FIS)
A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the
safe and efficient conduct of flights.
FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE STATION (FISS)
A unit providing flight information services.
FLIGHT LEVEL (FL)
A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure
datum, 1013.2HPA and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure
intervals.
NOTE: A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the Standard
Atmosphere
• When set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate altitude, and
• When set to a pressure of 1013.2HPA may be used to indicate flight levels.
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FLIGHT NOTE
Details of the route and timing of a proposed flight provided by the pilot-incommand of an aircraft, which is other than notification submitted to the
Airservices Australia, and which is required to be left with a person who could be
expected to notify appropriate authorities in the event that the flight becomes
overdue.
FLIGHT SERVICES (FS)
Air-ground communications services, flight information services and SAR alerting
services provided by ATS units.
FLIGHT STAGE
A route or part of a route flown between any two aerodromes without
an intermediate landing.
FORECAST
A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified period, and for a
specified area or portion of airspace.
FORECASTER
A Weather Officer designated by the Bureau of Meteorology to prepare and issue
forecasts of meteorological conditions.
FORMATION
Two or more aircraft flown in close proximity to each other and operating as a
single aircraft with regard to navigation, position reporting and control.
NOTE: Refer CAR 163AA for conditions under which formation flight may be
undertaken.
FULL EMERGENCY
(In the context of aerodrome emergency plans) - A situation in which the response
of all agencies involved in the Aerodrome Emergency Plan will be activated. A full
emergency will be declared when an aircraft approaching the airport is known or
suspected to be in such trouble that there is danger of an accident.
GRIB
Processed data in the form of grid-point values expressed in binary form. [Wind and
temperature values derived from World Area Forcast System (WAFS) models are
input to NAIPS and automated flight planning systems in GRIB format].
GROSS WEIGHT
The weight of the aircraft together with the weight of all persons and goods
(including fuel) on board the aircraft at the time.
HARD SURFACE
A surface comprised of asphalt, concrete, bitumen, tar stone covered, tar bound
pavements, compacted gravel or coral. It does not include any grass or natural
surface.
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HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
Meteorological conditions which may endanger aircraft or adversely affect their safe
operation, including, but not limited to, dust-storms, icing, thunderstorms,
linesqualls, blizzards, sandstorms, severe storms of tropical or sub-tropical origin,
other severe or turbulent conditions, abnormal conditions of sea and sea swell,
widespread conditions of fog, low cloud and low visibility, heavy precipitation,
freezing precipitation and hail.
HEADING
The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually
expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid).
HEIGHT
• The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point
measured from a specified datum or;
• The vertical dimension of an object.
HOLD SHORT LINE
A line marked across a runway, in accordance with the requirements of AIP AD,
at which landing aircraft must stop when required during land and hold short
operations (LAHSO). The line shall not be closer than 75M to the intersecting
runway centreline.
HOLDING BAY
An enlargement or special arrangement of a taxiway, provided near the runway end
to permit aircraft to hold without obstructing the passage of other aircraft on the
taxiway.
HOLDING POINT
A specified location identified by visual or other means in the vicinity of which the
position of an aircraft in flight is maintained in accordance with ATC instructions.
Note: Caution, taxiways may also include a holding point.
HOLDING PROCEDURE
A predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace
whist awaiting further clearance.
NOTE: Clearance not applicable OCTA.
LAND
In relation to a helicopter, means to lower the helicopter to bring the undercarriage
in contact with a surface.
LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS
A procedure involving dependent operations conducted on two intersecting
runways whereby aircraft land and depart on one runway while aircraft landing on
the other runway hold short of the intersection.
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LANDING AREA
That part of the movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft.
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE (LDA)
The length of runway which is declared by the State to be available and suitable for
the ground landing run of an aeroplane. The landing distance available commences
at the threshold and in most cases corresponds to the physical length of the runway
pavement. However, the threshold may be displaced from the end of the pavement
when it is considered necessary to make a corresponding displacement of the
approach area and surface by reason of obstructions in the approach path to the
runway.
LENGTH (LEN)
In relation to a helicopter, means the total length of the helicopter (including its
rotors).
LEVEL (LVL)
A generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning
altitude or flight level.
LICENSED AERODROME means a place that is:
• Licensed as a aerodrome under the Civil Aviation Regulations, or
• Established as an aerodrome under the Air Navigation Regulations.
LOCAL STANDBY
(In the context of Aerodrome Emergency Plans) - A situation in which activation of
only the airport-based agencies involved in the Aerodrome Emergency Plan is
warranted. A local Standby will be the normal response when an aircraft
approaching an airport is known or is suspected to have developed some defect,
but the trouble is not such as would normally involve any serious difficulty in
effecting a safe landing.
MANDATORY BROADCAST ZONE (MBZ)
An airspace of defined dimensions within which pilots must make specified
broadcasts. Where established, details concerning a MBZ will be shown in ERSA.
MANOEUVRING AREA
That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off landing and taxing of aircraft,
excluding aprons.
MARKER
An object, other than a landing direction indicator, a wind director indicator or flag
used to indicate an obstacle or to convey aeronautical information by day.
MARKINGS
Signs displayed on surfaces in order to convey aeronautical information.
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DEFINITIONS
MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF WEIGHT (MTOW)
The maximum take-off weight of an aircraft as specified in its Certificate of
Airworthiness.
MEDICAL
A flight providing transport of medical patients, personnel, and/or equipment,
prioritised as:
MED 1: An aircraft proceeding to pick up, or carrying , a severely ill patient, or
one on whom life support measures are being taken.
MED 2: An aircraft proceeding to pick up medical personnel and/or equipment
urgently required for the transport of a MED 1 patient, or returning
urgently required medical personnel and/or equipment at the termination
of a MED 1 flight.
METEOROLOGICAL BRIEFING
Explanation with the aid of relevant meteorological charts, reports and documents
of the existing and expected meteorological conditions over an area along air
routes, on flight paths and at aerodromes.
METEOROLOGICAL DISPLAY
The special exhibition of, and/or availability of, meteorological data for examination
by persons concerned with air navigation.
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE
An office of a meteorological authority staff and equipped to provide certain
meteorological services for air navigation.
METEOROLOGICAL WARNING
A statement or meteorological report of the occurrence or expectation
of a deterioration or improvement in meteorological conditions or of any
meteorological phenomenon which may seriously affect the safe operation
of aircraft.
MOVEMENT AREA
That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off landing and taxiing
of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s).
NAIPS
The National Aeronautical Information Processing System, which provides briefings
and flight notification functionality.
NIGHT (NGT)
That period of time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of
morning civil twilight.
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DEFINITIONS
NON-DIRECTIONAL BEACON (NDB)
A special radio station, the emissions of which are intended to enable a mobile
station to determine its radio bearing or direction with reference
to that special radio station.
NOTAM
A notice issued by or with the authority of Airservices Australia and containing
information or instructions concerning the establishment, condition or change in any
aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is
essential to persons concerned with flight operations.
OPERATIONS MANUAL
A manual provided by an operating agency for the use and guidance of
its operations staff, containing instructions as to the conduct of flight operations,
including the responsibilities of its operations staff.
OVERSHOOT SHEAR
A wind shear occurrence which produces an INITIAL effect of overshooting the desired
approach path and/or increasing airspeed.
PARKING AREA
A specially prepared or selected part of an aerodrome within which aircraft may
be parked.
PERMISSIBLE ALL-UP-WEIGHT
The all-up-weight to which an aircraft is limited by virtue of the physical characteristics
of an aerodrome.
PRIMARY MEANS NAVIGATION SYSTEM
A navigation system that, for a given operation or phase of flight, must meet accuracy
and integrity requrements, but need not meet full availability and continuity of sertvice
requirements. Safety is achieved by either limiting flights to specific time periods, or
through appropriate procedural restrictions and operational requirements.
PREFERRED RUNWAY
A runway nominated by ATC as the most suitable for the prevailing wind, surface
conditions and noise sensitive areas in the proximity of the aerodrome.
PROCEDURE TURN
A manoeuvre in which a turn is made away by an aircraft to intercept and proceed
along the reciprocal of the designated track.
NOTE 1: Procedure turns are designated ※left§ or ※right§ according
to the direction of the initial turn.
NOTE 2: Procedure turns may be designated as being made either in level flight
or while descending, according to the circumstances or each individual
instrument approach procedure.
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DEFINITIONS
QNH ALTIMETER SETTING
That pressure which, when placed on the pressure setting sub-scale of a sensitive
altimeter of an aircraft located at the reference point of an aerodrome, will cause the
altimeter to indicate the vertical displacement of the reference point above mean sea
level.
RADAR INFORMATION SERVICE (RIS)
An add-on ATC service within radar coverage which provides information to flights,
not otherwise receiving a separation service, in order to improve situation awareness
and assist pilots in avoiding collisions with other aircraft.
RADAR VECTORS
Navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on the use of
radar.
REPETITIVE FLIGHT PLAN
A flight plan referring to a series of frequently recurring, regularly operated individual
flights with identical basic features, submitted by an operator for retention and
repetitive use by ATS units.
RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRE (RCC)
A centre that co-ordinates search and rescue within an assigned area.
RESCUE UNIT
A unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the
expeditious conduct of search and rescue.
ROUTE
A way to be taken in flying from a departure to a destination aerodrome, specified in
terms of track and distance for each route segment.
RUNWAY (RWY)
A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off
of aircraft.
RUNWAY NUMBER
The number allotted to a runway end, being that whole number nearest
to one tenth of the magnetic bearing of the centerline of the runway measured
clockwise from magnetic north when viewed from the direction of approach. Single
numbers so obtained are preceded by ※O§ and where the final numeral of the
bearing is 5 degrees or greater, the number allocated is the next largest number.
RUNWAY STRIP (RWS)
The defined area, including the runway (and stopway if provided), intended both to
reduce the risk of damage to aeroplanes inadvertently running off the runway and to
protect aeroplanes flying over it during take-off, landing or missed approach. Apart
from the use of its runway, the area is not intended for taxi, take-off or landing
operations.
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SARTIME
The time nominated by a pilot for the initiation of SAR action if a report has not been
received by the nominated time.
SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR)
The act of finding and returning to safety, aircraft and persons involved
in an emergency phase.
SEARCH AREA
The area in which an aircraft is believed to have crashed or forced-landed.
SEARCH AND RESCUE REGION
The specified area within which search and rescue is coordinated by
a particular Rescue Coordination Centre.
SEPARATION
• LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION: Longitudinal spacing of aircraft which
is never less than the prescribed standard interval. When using a time standard, the
interval between aircraft is calculated at the speed of the following aircraft;
• LATERAL SEPARATION: The lateral spacing of aircraft by requiring operation on
different routes, or in different geographical locations as determined by visual
observation or by use of radio or other navigation aids;
• VERTICAL SEPARATION: The vertical spacing of aircraft.
SIGNIFICANT POINT
A specified geographical location used in defining an ATS route or the flight path
of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS purposes.
SOLE MEANS NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM
A navigation system that, for a given phase of flight, must allow the aircraft to meet
all four navigation system performance requirements - accuracy, integrity, availability
and continuity. of service.
SUPPLEMENTAL MEANS NAVIGATION SYSTEM
A navigational system that must be used in conjunction with a sole means navigation
system.
SPECIAL VFR FLIGHT
A VFR flight authorised by ATC to operate within a control zone under meteorological
conditions below the visual meteorological conditions.
STANDARD PRESSURE
The pressure of 1013.2 hectopascals which, if set upon the pressure sub-scale of
a sensitive altimeter, will cause the latter to read zero when at mean sea level in a
standard atmosphere. This pressure must be set on the sub-scale of an altimeter
before the vertical displacement indicated by the altimeter is corrected to a true value
by applying the temperature correction.
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STOPWAY
A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of a runway in the direction of
take-off designated and prepared by the Competent Authority as a suitable area in
which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an interrupted take-off.
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE (TODA)
The length of the take-off run available plus the length of clearway available.
TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE (TORA)
The length of runway which is declared by the State to be available and suitable for
the ground run of an aeroplane taking-off. This in most cases corresponds to the
physical length of the runway pavement.
TAXI HOLDING POINT
A designated position on a taxiway, runway or channel at which taxiing aircraft may
be required to stop pending receipt of permission to proceed.
TAXIWAY (TWY)
A defined path on a land aerodrome, selected or prepared for the use of taxiing
aircraft.
Note: Caution, taxiways may also include a holding point.
TERRAIN CLEARANCE
The vertical displacement of an aircraft＊s flight path from the terrain. Minimum
values are prescribed relative to the flight rules in force and the conditions
prevailing.
THRESHOLD (THR)
The beginning of that portion of the runway useable for landing.
TO ALERT
To warn to prepare for search and rescue and/or to direct the guarding of specified
radio frequencies.
TOTAL ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME
For VFR flights the estimated time required from take-off to arrive over the
destination aerodrome.
TRACK
The projection on the earth＊s surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of
which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (True, Magnetic
or Grid).
TRANSITION ALTITUDE
The altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft
is controlled by reference to altitudes.
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TRANSITION LAYER
The airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level.
TRANSITION LEVEL (TRL)
The flight level at or above which the vertical position of an aircraft
is controlled by reference to flight levels.
UNDERSHOOT SHEAR
A wing shear occurrence which produces an INITIAL effect of undershooting the
desired approach path and/or decreasing air speed.
UNSERVICEABLE AREA
A portion of the movement area not available for use by aircraft because of the
physical condition of the surface, or because of any obstruction on the area.
VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RADIO RANGE (VOR)
A VHF radio navigational aid which provides a continuous indication of magnetic
bearing from the selected VOR ground station.
VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR SYSTEM (VASIS)
A system of lights so arranged as to provide visual information to pilots of
approaching aircraft of their position in relation to the optimum approach slope
for a particular runway.
VISIBILITY (VIS)
The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of
distance, to see and identify prominent unit objects by day and prominent lit objects
by night.
Visibility is divided into two classes as follows:
Flight Visibility: The average range visibility forward from the cockpit of an
aircraft in flight.
Ground Visibility: The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by and approved
observer.
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DEFINITIONS
CODE DEFINITION A
A/A Air to Air
AACC Area Approach Control
Centre
AAD Assigned Altitude Deviation
AAL Above Aerodrome Level
ABM Abeam
ABN Aerodrome Beacon Information
Service
ABT About
ABV Above
AC Altocumulus
+ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance
System
ACC Area Control Centre
ACCID Initial Notification of an Aircraft
Accident
ACD Airways Clearance Delivery
ACFT Aircraft
ACK Acknowledge Service
ACN Aircraft Classification Number
ACPT Accept, Accepted
Telecommunication
ACT Active, Activated, Activity
AD Aerodrome Zone(s)
ADC Aerodrome Chart
ADDGM Aerodrome Diagrams
ADDN Addition, Additional
#ADF Automatic Direction Finding
Equipment
#ADIZ Air Defence Identification Zone
ADJ Adjacent
ADQ Adequate Aerodrome
ADR Advisory Route
#ADS Automatic Dependent
Surveillance
ADZ Advise
AEP Aerodrome Emergency Plan
+AERIS Automatic En Route
Information Service
AFIL Flight Notification:
- filed in the air, or indicating the
position at which ATS services
will first be required.
AFM Yes, Affirm, Affirmative, that is
correct
AFRU Aerodrome Frequency Response
Unit
AFS Aeronautical Fixed Service
AFT After...
#AFTN Aeronautical Fixed
Telecommunication Network
AFZ Australian Fishing Zone(s)
359
GENERAL AND METEOROLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS
This list covers abbreviations which may be found throughout the Guide and on
associated charts, or which are used in NOTAM, AIP Supplements and in
meteorological messages and documentation.
Abbreviations marked ※+§ may be used as spoken words in radio telephony.
Abbreviations ※#§ may be spoken using the constituent letters rather than the
phonetic alphabet.
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
A/G Air-to-ground
AGA Aerodromes, Air Routes and
Ground Aids
#AGL Above Ground Level
AGN Again
AH After Hours
AIC Aeronautical Information Circular
#AIP Aeronautical Information
Publication
+AIRAC Aeronautical Information
Regulation and Control
+AIREP Air-Report
+AIRMET Information in plain language
concerning weather significant
to light aircraft operations at or
below 10,000FT
#AIS Aeronautical Information Service
#ALA Aircraft Landing Area for the
purpose of CAR 92(1)(d)
+ALERFA Alert Phase
ALM Aircraft Landing Minima
ALR Alerting Message
ALS Approach Lighting System
ALT Altitude
ALTN Alternate, Alternating
(light alternates in colour)
ALTN Alternate (aerodrome)
AMD Amend, Amended
AMDT Amendment (AIP Amendment)
#AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
ANC Aeronautial Chart
1:500,00 (followed by name/title)
AOC Aerodrome Obstruction Chart
AP Airport
APAPI Abreviated Precision Approach
Path Indicator
APCH Approach
APP Approach Control
APR April
APRX Approximate, Approximately
Publication
APSG After Passing
APV Approve, Approved, Approval
AQZ Area QNH Zone
ARC Area Chart
ARFL Aeroplane Reference Field Length
+ARFOR Area Forecast (in aeronautical
meteorological code)
ARN Aviation Reference Number
ARNG Arrange
ARP Aerodrome Reference Point
ARP Air-Report (message type
designator)
ARR Arrive, Arrival
ARS Special Air-Report
(message Type designator)
AS Altostratus
#ASAP As Soon As Possible
ASC Ascent to, Ascending to
ASDA Accelerate-Stop Distance
Available
ASPH Asphalt
ASR Area Surveillance Radar
# ATA Actual Time of Arrival
#ATC Air Traffic Control (in general)
#ATD Actual Time of Departure
360
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SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management
#ATIS Automatic Terminal Information
Service
ATS Air Traffic Services
ATTN Attention
AUG August
AUTH Authorised, Authorisation
AUW All Up Weight
AUX Auxiliary
AVM Abrupt Vertical Manoeuvres
(by the MIL)
A-VASIS Abbreviated Visual Approach
Slope Indicator System
AT-VASIS Abbreviated ※T§ VisualApproach
Slope Indicator System
(pronounced ※AY-TEE-VASIS§)
AVBL Available
AVG Average
+AVGAS Aviation Gasoline
AWIB Aerodrome Weather Information
Broadcast
AWK Aerial Work
AWS Automatic Weather Station
AWY Airway
AZM Azimuth
CODE DEFINITION B
+BASE Cloud Base
BCFG Fog Patches
BCN Beacon
(aeronautical ground light)
BCST Broadcast
BDRY Boundary
BECMG Becoming
BFR Before
BL Blowing (followed by DU = dust,
SA = sand or SN = snow)
BLDG Building
BLO Below Clouds
BLW Below
BOMB Bombing
BR Mist
BRF Short (used to indicate type
of approach)
BRG Bearing
BRKG Braking
BS Broadcasting Station
(Commercial)
BTL Between Layers
BTN Between
CODE DEFINITION C
0
C Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
C Centre (Runway)
CAO Civil Aviation Order
CAR Civil Aviation Regulation
CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority
+CAT Category
CAT Clear Air Turbulence
+CAVOK Visibility, cloud and present
weather better than prescribed
values of conditions
#CB Cumulonimbus
CC Cirrocumulus
361
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
CCTS Circuits
CEN En Route and Area ATC Unit
CET Clearance Expiry Time
CF Change Frequency To
CFM Confirm, I Confirm
CH Channel
CHTR Charter
CI Cirrus
CIT Near, Over Large Town(s)
CIV Civil
CK Check
C/L Centre Line
CLA Clear type of ice formation
CLBR Calibration
CLD Cloud
CLG Calling
CLIAS Climbing Indicated Airspeed
CLR Clear, Cleared to..., Clearance
CLSD Closed, Close, Closing
CM Centimetre
CMB Climb to or Climbing to
CMPL Completion, Completed, or
Complete
CMSD Commissioned
CNL Flight Plan cancellation message
CNL Cancel
CNS Communications, Navigation
and Surveillance
COM Communications
CONC Concrete
COND Condition
CONS Continuous
CONST Construction, Constructed
CONT Continue(s), Continued
COOR Coordinate, Coordinated
COORD Coordinates
COR Correct, Corrected, Correction
COS Conical Surface
COT At the Coast, Coastal
COV Cover, Covered, Covering
#CPDLC Controller Pilot Datalink
Communication
CRZ Cruise
CS Cirrostratus
CS Call-sign
#CTA Control Area
+CTAF Common Traffic Advisory
Frequency
CTC Contact
CTL Control
CTN Caution
CTR Control Zone
CU Cumulus
CUF Cumuliform
CUST Customs
CWY Clearway
CODE DEFINITION D
D Danger Area
(followed by identification)
D Deleted
362
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
DA Decision Altitude
DAP Departure and
Approach Procedures
DCMSD Decommissioned
DCKG Docking
DCT Direct (in relation to flight plan
clearance and type of approach)
DEC December
DEG Degrees
DEP Depart, Departure, Departed,
Departing, Departure Message
DER Departure End of Runway
DES Descend to, Descending to
DEST Destination
+DETRESFA Distress Phase
DEV Deviation, Deviating
#DF Direction Finder/ Finding
DIF Diffuse
DISP Displaced
DIST Distance
DIV Diversion, Divert, Diverting
DLA Delay, Delayed
DLY Daily
#DME Distance Measuring Equipment
DMEN DME (International)
#DMEP DME (International Precision -
used in conjunction with MLS)
DNG Danger, Dangerous
DOC Documents
DOM Domestic
DP Dew Point
DPT Depth
#DR Dead Reckoning
DR... Low Drifting (followed by DU
=dust, SN=snow SA = sand
DRG During
DS Duststorm
DTAM Descend to And Maintain
DTG Date-Time Group
DTHR Displaced Runway Threshold
DTRT Deteriorate, Deteriorating
DU Dust
DUR Duration
DUC Dense Upper Cloud
DVOR Doppler VOR
DZ Drizzle
CODE DEFINITION E
E East, East Longitude
EAT Expected Approach Time
EB Eastbound
#EET Estimated Elapsed Time
EHF Extremely High Frequency (30
000 to 300 000 MHZ)
ELEV Elevation
ELR Extra Long Range
#ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
EM Emission
EMBD Embedded in a Layer
(to indicate cumulonimbus
embedded in layers of other
clouds)
363
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SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
EMERG Emergency
ENDCE Endurance
ENE East North-East
ENG Engine
ENR En Route
ENRC En Route Chart (followed by
name/title)
EOBT Estimated off Blocks Time
+EPIRB Electronic Position Indicating
Radio Beacon (marine term)
EQPT Equipment
#ERC En Route Chart
+#ERSA En Route Supplement Australia
ESE East South-East
EST Estimate, estimate as message
type indicator
#ETA Estimated Time of Arrival,
Estimating Arrival
# ETD Estimated Time of Departure,
Estimating Departure
ETO Estimated Time Over significant
point
EV Every
EET Estimated Elapsed Time
EXC Except
EXP Expect, Expected, Expecting
EXTD Extend, Extending, Extended
CODE DEFINITION F
F Fixed (chart symbol)
FAC Facility, Facilities
FAF Final Approach Fix
FAL Facilitation of International Air
FAP Final Approach Point
FATO Final Approach and Take-off Area
+FAX Facsimile Transmission
FBL Light (used to indicate the
intensity of WX phenomena,
interference or static reports, eg
FBL RA = light rain)
FC Funnel cloud (tornado or water
spout)
FCST Forecast
FDL Fixed Distance Lighting
FEB February
FEW Few (cloud descriptor)
FFR Flood, Fire Relief
FG Fog
#FIA Flight Information Area
#FIC Flight Information Centre
FIO Flight Information Office
#FIR Flight Information Region
#FIS Flight information Service
FISS Flight Information Service Station
FL Flight Level
FLD Field
FLG Flashing
FLR Flares
FLT Flight
FLTCK Flight Check
FLUC Fluctuating, Fluctuation,
Fluctuated
FLW Follow(s), Following
FLY Fly, Flying
FM From
FM From (followed by time weather
change is forecast to begin)
364
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
FMU Flow Management Unit
FNA Final Approach
FPD Flight Plan Designator
FPL Filed Flight Plan Message
FPM Feet Per Minute
FPR Flight Plan Route
FR Fuel Remaining
FRI Friday
FREQ Frequency
FRNG Firing
FRQ Frequent
#FS Flight Service (in general)
FSL Full Stop Landing
FSP Fish Spotting
FST First
FT Feet
FU Smoke
FXD Fixed
FZ Freezing
FZDZ Freezing Drizzle
FZFG Freezing Fog
FZL Freezing Level
FZRA Freezing Rain
CODE DEFINITION G
G Green
GAAP General Aviation Aerodrome
Procedures
#GCA Ground Controlled Approach
GEN General
GEO Geographic, true
GES Ground Earth Station
GFY Glider Flying
GLD Glider
GND Ground
GNDCK Ground Check
GNS Global Navigation System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite
System
GP Glide Path
GPS Global Positioning System
GPI Glide Path Intercept
GR Hail
+GRASS Grass Landing Area
GRIB Processed Meteorological data in
the form of grid point values
expressed in binary form
(aeronautical meteorological
code)
GRVL Gravel
GS Groundspeed
GS Small Hail and/or Snow Pellets
CODE DEFINITION H
#H24 Continuous day and night service
HAA Height Above Aerodrome
HAT Height Above Threshold
HBN Hazard Beacon
HDG Heading
365
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
HDS Hours of Daylight Saving
HEL Helicopter
HF High Frequency
(3000 to 30,000 KHZ)
HGT Height, Height above
+HIAL High Intensity Approach Lighting
HIRL High Intensity Runway Lighting
#HJ Sunrise to Sunset
HLDG Holding
HLS Helicopter Landing Site
#HN Sunset to Sunrise
HO Service Available to meet
operational requirements
HOSP Hospital Aircraft
HPA Hectopascal
HR Hours
HS Homestead
HS Service available during hours
of scheduled operations
HURCN Hurricane
HVY Heavy
HVY Heavy (used to indicate the
intensity of WX phenomena,
eg HVY RA = heavy rain)
HX No specific working hours
HYR Higher
HZ Haze
HZ Hertz
HZS Horizontal Surface
CODE DEFINITION I
IAC Instrument Approach Chart
(followed by name/title)
IAF Initial Approach Fix
#IAL Instrument Approach and
Landing Charts
IAO In and out of clouds
#IAS Indicated Air Speed
IBN Identification Beacon
+ICAO International Civil Aviation
Organisation
IC Ice Crystals (MET code)
ICE Icing, Ice
ID Identifier, identify
+IDENT Identification
IF Intermediate Approach Fix
#IFF Identification Friend/Foe
#IFR Instrument Flight Rules
#ILS Instrument Landing System
IM Inner Marker
#IMC Instrument Meteorological
Conditions
IMG Immigration
IMPR Improve, Improving,
Improvement
IMT Immediate, Immediately
INBD Inbound
#INC In Cloud
+INCERFA Uncertainty Phase
+INFO Information
+INOP Inoperative
#INS Inertial Navigation System
INSTL Install, Installed, Installation
INSTR Instrument
366
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INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
INT Intersection
+INTER Intermittent, Intermittently
INTL International
INTRG Interrogator
INTRP Interrupt, Interruption,
Interrupted
INTSF Intensify, Intensifying
INTST Intensity
+ISA International Standard
Atmosphere
ISB Independent Sideband
ISOL Isolated
IWI Illuminated Wind Indicator
CODE DEFINITION J
JAN January
+J-BAR Jet Barrier
JF Saturday, Sunday and PH
JO Monday to Friday except PH
JTST Jet Stream
JUL July
JUN June
CODE DEFINITION K
KG Kilograms
KHZ Kilohertz
KM Kilometres
KMH Kilometres per Hour
KPA Kilopascals
KT Knots
KW Kilowatts
CODE DEFINITION L
L Left (runway identification)
L Locator (see LM, LO)
LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations
LAN Inland
+LAT Latitude
LDA Landing Distance Available
LDG Landing
LDI Landing Direction Indicator
LEN Length
LF Low Frequency (30 to 300 KHZ)
LGT Light, Lighting.
LGTD Lighted
LIH Light Intensity High
LIL Light Intensity Low
LIM Light Intensity Medium
LJR Low Jet Route
LLN Low Level Navigation (by the
MIL)
LLO Low Level Operations (by the
MIL)
LL Lower Limits
LLZ Localizer
LM Locator (middle)
LMT Local Mean Time
LO Locator (outer)
367
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
LOC Locally, Location, Located, Local
LOE Lane of Entry
+LONG Longitude
LRG Long Range
LSALT Lowest Safe Altitude
LTD Limited
LUL Lowest Usable Level
LV Light and variable
(relating to the wind)
LVE Leave, Leaving
LVL Level
LYR Layer, Layered
CODE DEFINITION M
M Metres (preceded by figures)
M Mach number
(followed by figures)
MAE Men and Equipment
MAG Magnetic
MAINT Maintenance
MAN Manual
MAP Aeronautical Maps and charts
MAPT Missed Approach Point
MAR March
MAR At Sea
+MAX Maximum
MBST Microburst
#MBZ Mandatory Broadcast Zone
MCW Modulated Continuous Wave
(by the MIL)
MDA Minimum Descent Altitude
MDF Medium Frequency Direction
Finding Station
#MEA Minimum En-route Altitude
MED Medical
+MET Meteorological, Meteorology
+METAR Routine Weather Report
METRAD MET Radar
MF Medium frequency
(300 to 3000 KHZ)
MHZ Megahertz
MIFG Shallow Fog
MIL Military
MIN Minutes
MISC Miscellaneous
MKR Marker Radio Beacon
MLJ Military Low Jet
MLJR Military Low Jet Route
#MLS Microwave Landing System
MLW Maximum Landing Weight
MM Middle Marker
MNM Minimum
MNT Monitor, Monitoring, Monitored
MNTN Maintain, Maintained,
Maintaining
MOA Military Operating Area
MOC Minimum Obstacle Clearance
(required)
MOD Moderate, Moderately
368
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
MOD Moderate (used to indicate the
intensity of WX phenomena,
interface or static reports, eg
MOD RA = moderate rain)
MON Monday
MON Above Mountains
MOV Move, Moved, Moving,
Movement
MOWP Method of Working Plan
MPS Meters per Second
MRG Medium Range
MRP ATS/MET Reporting Point
MS Minus
#MSA Minimum Sector Altitude
MSG Message
MSL Mean Sea Level
MT Mountain
MTOW Maximum Take-off Weight
MTP Maximum Tyre Pressure
MTW Mountain Waves
MVA Minimum Vector Altitude
MWO Meteorological Watch Office
MX Mixed type of ice formation
(white and clear)
CODE DEFINITION N
N North, North Latitude
NAIPS National Aeronautical
Information Processing System
NAP Noise Abatement Procedures
NAT NAVAID Training
NAV Navigation
NAVAID Navigation Aid
NB Northbound
NBFR Not Before
NC No Change
#NDB Non Directional Radio Beacon
NE North-East
NEG Negative, No Permission not
granted or, that is not correct
NGT Night
+NIL None
NM Nautical Miles
NML Normal
NNE North North-East
NNW North North-West
NOF International NOTAM Office
+NOSIG No Significant Change
+NOTAM Notice to Airmen
(A notice containing information
concerning the establishment,
condition or change in facility,
service procedure or hazard
which is essential to personnel
concerned with flight operations)
NOV November
NSC No significant Cloud
NTA No TAF Amendment
NV Night VFR
NVG Night Vision Goggles (by the
MIL)
NW North-West
NXT Next
369
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SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
CODE DEFINITION O
OBS Observe, Observed, Observation
OBSC Obscure, Obscured, Obscuring
OBST Obstacle
OBSTR Obstruction
#OCA Oceanic Control Area
OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude
OCC Occulting (light)
OCNL Occasional, Occasionally
OCT October
#OCTA Outside Control Area
#OCTR Outside Control Zone
OFZ Obstical Free Zone
OHD Overhead
OM Outer Marker
OPA Opaque, white type of ice
formation
OPMET Operational Meteorological
OPN Open, Opening,Opened
OPN Operational Notification Message
OPR Operator, Operate, Operative,
Operating, Operational
OPS Operations
O/R On Request
OT Other Times
OTLK Outlook (used in SIGMET
messages for volcanic ash and
tropical cyclones)
OTP On top
OUBD Outboard
OVC Overcast
OW Over Water
CODE DEFINITION P
P Prohibited Area
+PAL Pilot Activated Lighting
PANS Procedures for Air Navigation
Services
+PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator
PAR Precision Approach Radar
PARL Parallel
PAX Passengers
PCN Pavement Classification Number
PCD Proceed, Proceeding
PCL Pilot Controlled Lighting
PDC Pre-Departure Clearance
PEC Pressure Error Correction
PERM Permanent
PH Public Holiday
PFR Preferred Route
PILS Practice ILS
PJE Parachute jumping Exercise
PL Ice Pellets
PLN Flight Plan
PLVL Present Level
PN Prior Notice Required
#PNR Point of No Return
PO Dust Devils
#POB Persons on Board
POSS Possible
#PPI Plan Position Indicator
370
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
PRFG Aerodrome Partially Covered by
fog (MET code)
PRI Primary
PRM Precision Runway Monitoring
PRKG Parking
+PROB Probable, Probability
PROC Procedure
PROV Provisional
PS Plus
PSG Passing
PSN Position
PSP Pierced Steel Plank
PTBL Portable
PTN Procedure Turn
PVT Private
PWR Power
CODE DEFINITION Q
#QNH Altimeter subscale setting to
obtain elevation or altitude
QUAD Quadrant
CODE DEFINITION R
R Red
R Restricted Area
(followed by number)
R Right (runway system
identification)
RA Rain
RAC Rules of the Air and Air Traffic
Services
RAD Radius
RAFC Regional Area Forecast Centre
RAG Ragged
RAG Runway Arresting Gear
RAI Runway Alignment Indicator
+RAPIC Radar Picture (MET)
+RAS Radar Advisory Service
RCA Reach Cruising Altitude
#RCC Rescue Coordination Centre
RCH Reach, Reaching
RCL Runway Centre Line
RCLM Runway Centre Line Marking
RDL Radial
RDO Radio
RE＃ Recent (used to qualify weather
phenomena, eg RERA = recent
rain)
REC Receive, Receiver, Received
REDL Runway Edge Lights
REF Reference to..., Refer to...
REG Registration
RENL Runway End Lights
REP Report, Reported, Reporting,
Reporting Point
REQ Request, Requested
RERTE Re-Route
RES Reserve Fuel
RESTR Restrictions
REV Review
RFF Rescue and Fire Fighting Services
RH Radio Height
RHC Right Hand Circuit
RIF Reclearance in flight
371
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
RL Report Leaving
RLA Relay to
RLLS Runway Lead-in Lighting
RMK Remark(s)
+RNAV Area Navigation
+ROBEX Regional OPMET Bulletin
Exchanges Recommended
Practices (ICAO)
ROC Rate of Climb
ROD Rate of Descent
+ROFOR Route Forecast (in aeronautical
meteorological code)
RPI Runway Point of Intercept
RPT Regular Public Transport
RQ Require(d)
RQMNTS Requirements
RR Report Reaching
RSC Rescue Sub-Centre
RSCD Runway Surface Condition
RSP Responder Beacon System
RSR En Route Surveillance Radar
RTE Route
RTF Radio Telephone
RTHL Runway Threshold Light(s)
RTN Return, Returned, Returning
RTZL Runway Touchdown Zone Lights
#RVR Runway Visual Range
RWS Runway Strip
RWY Runway
CODE DEFINITION S
S South, South Latitude
SA Sand
SAL Supplementary Airline licence
SALS Simple Approach Lighting System
+SAR Search and Rescue
SARPS Standards and Recommended
Practices (ICAO)
+SARTIME Time search action required
SAT Saturday
+SATCOM Satellite Communication
SB Southbound
SC Stratocumulus
SCT Scattered
SDBY Standby
SDC Standard Departure Clearance
SE South East
SEC Seconds
SEC Second, Secondary
SECT Section, Sector
+SELCAL Selective Calling System
SEP September
SER Service, Servicing, Served
SEV Severe (used eg. to qualify icing
and turbulence report)
SFC Surface
SG Snow grains
SH... Showers (followed by RA=rain,
SN=snow, PE=ice pellets,
GR=hail, GS=small hail and/or
snow pellets or combinations
thereof, eg, SHRASN= showers
of rain and snow)
372
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INDEX
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SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
SHF Super High Frequent
(3,000 to 30,000MHZ)
+SID Standard Instrument Departure
SIF Selective Identification
SIG Significant
+SIGMET Information concerning en route
weather phenomena which may
affect the safety of aircraft
operations
SIGWX Significant Weather
SIMUL Simultaneous, Simultaneously
SKC Sky Clear
+SKED Schedule, Scheduled
SLP Speed Limiting Point
SLW Slow, Slowly
#SMC Surface Movement Control
SMR Surface Movement Radar
SN Snow
+SNOWTAM A special series NOTAM
notifying the presence or
removal of hazardous
conditions due to snow, ice,
slush or standing water
associated with snow, slush
and ice on the movement
area
SOC Start of Climb
SOT Start of TORA (take-off)
SP Single Pilot
SPA Sport Aviation
+SPECI Aviation Special Weather
(in Aeronautical meteorological
code)
SPFIB Specific Preflight Information
Bulletin
+SPOT Spotwind
SQ Squall
SR Sunrise
SRD Standard Radar Departure
SRG Short range
#SRR Search and rescue region
SRY Secondary
SS Sandstorm
SS Sunset
SSB Single Sideband
SSE South South-East
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
SST Supersonic Transport
SSW South South-West
ST Stratus
STA Straight in Approach
+STAR Standard Arrival Route
STD Standard
STF Stratiform
STN Station
STNR Stationary
STODA Supplementary Take-off distance
STOL Short Take-off and Landing
STS Status
STWL Stopway Light(s)
SUBJ Subject to
SUN Sunday
SUP Supplement (AIP Supplement)
SUPPS Regional Supplementary
Procedures
373
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INDEX
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SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
SVCBL Serviceable
SVY Survey Operations
SW South-West
SWS Soft Wet Surface
SWY Stopway
CODE DEFINITION T
...T Bearing (true)
T Temperature
TA Transition Altitude
+TAC Terminal Area Chart
+TACAN Tactical Air Navigation Aid
+TAF Aerodrome Forecast
+TAIL Tailwind
TAR Terminal Area Survelliance Area
#TAS True Airspeed
+TAT Terminal Area Thunderstorm
Service (meteorological term)
TAX Taxiing, Taxi
TBA To Be Advised
TC Tropical Cyclone
+TCAS (tee-kas) Traffic Alert and
Collision Avoidance System
TCH Threshold Crossing Height
TCTA Trans-continental Control Area
TCU Towering Cumulus
TDO Tornado
TDZ Touchdown Zone
TECR Technical Reason
TEL Telephone
+TEMPO Temporary, Temporarily
TFC Traffic
TGL Touch and go Landing
TGS Taxiing Guidance System
THR Threshold
THRU Through
THU Thursday
TIBA Traffic Information
Broadcasts by Aircraft
+TIL Until
TIP Until Past (place)
TKOF Take-off
TLW Time Limited
WIP (work in progress)
#TMA Terminal Control Area
TNA Turn Altitude
TNH Turn Height
TNS Transitional Surface
TOC Top of Climb
TODA Take-off Distance Available
TOP Cloud Top
TORA Take-off Run Available
TP Turning Point
TR Track
TRA Temporary Reserved Airspace
TRANS Transmits, Transmitter
TRL Transition Level
TROP Tropopause
TS... Thunderstorm
374
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
#TTF Trend Type Forecast
TUE Tuesday
TURB Turbulence
+T-VASIS "T" Visual Approach Slope
Indicator System (pronounced
※TEE-VASIS§)
TWR Aerodrome Control Tower,
Aerodrome Control
TWY Taxiway
TWYL Taxiway Link
TYP Type of Aircraft
TYPH Typhoon
CODE DEFINITION U
UAB Until Advised By
#UDF UHF Direction Finding Stations
UFN Until Further Notice
UHDT Unable Higher Due Traffic
#UHF Ultra High Frequency
(300 to 3 000 MHZ)
UIR Upper Flight Information Region
UL Upper Limits
UNA Unable
UNAP Unable to Approve
UNLC Unlicensed
UNL Unlimited
UNREL Unreliable
U/S Unserviceable
UTA Upper Control Area
#UTC Coordinated Universal Time
CODE DEFINITION V
VA Volcanic Ash
VAL In Valleys
VAR Magnetic Variation
+VASIS Visual Approach Slope Indicator
System
VCY Vicinity
VC Vicinity of the aerodrome
(followed by FG=fog, FC=funnel
cloud, PO=dust/sand whirls,
BLDU=blowing dust,
BLSA=blowing sand or
BLSN=blowing snow; eg.
VCFG=vicinity fog
#VDF VHF Direction Finding Station
VER Vertical
#VFR Visual Flight Rules
#VHF Very High Frequency
(30 to 300 MHZ)
VIA By way of...
#VIP Very Important Person
VIS Visibility
VLF Very Low Frequency
(3 to 30 MHZ)
VLR Very Long Range
#VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
+VOLMET Meteorological Information for
Aircraft in Flight
#VOR VHF Omni-directional Radio
Range (OMNI)
VRB Variable
VTC Visual Terminal Chart
375
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
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5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
CODE DEFINITION W
W West, West Longitude
W White
WAC World Aeronautical Chart - ICAO
1:1 000 000 (followed by
name/title)
WAFC World Area Forecast Centre
WB Westbound
WDI Wind Direction Indicator
WDSPR Widespread
WED Wednesday
WEF With Effect From, Effective From
WI Within
WID Width
WIE With Immediate Effect, Effective
Immediately
+WILCO Will Comply
WIND Wind (used in connection with
direction and speed)
WINTEM Forecast upper wind and
temperature at specified points
(in aeronautical met code)
WIP Work in Progress
WKN Weaken, Weakening
WNW West North-West
WO Without
WPT Way Point
WRNG Warning
WS Wind Shear
WSW West South-West
WT Weight
WWW World Wide Web
WTSPT Water Spout
WX Weather
CODE DEFINITION X
X Cross
XBAR Crossbar (of approach lighting
system)
XNG Crossing
XS Atmospherics
CODE DEFINITION Y
YCZ Yellow Caution Zone
YR Your(s)
CODE DEFINITION Z
Z Coordinated Universal Time
(in meteorological messages)
376
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS 359
Accidents and incidents 28
Acrobatic flight 24
ADIZ 每 Visual Signals 277
ADIZ 274
Aerial sporting and
recreational activities 267
AERIS Coverage 150
AERIS 121
AERODROME
每 Categories 131
每 Forecasts 130
每 Frequency Response Unit 199
每 Markings 每 Displaced Threshold 88
每 Markings 每 PAPI 87
每 Markings 每 T-VASIS 86
每 Markings 85
每 Weather
Information Broadcasts (AWIB) 122
每 Operations in the vicinity of 82
AFRU 199
After Take-off - Controlled Airspace 246
Air to Air Communications 199
AIRCRAFT
每 Beacon Transponder 195
每 callsigns 41
每 equipment 77
每 Safety 173
每 Speeds 184
每 Weather Reports 147
AIREP Special 152
AIRMET 148
Airways Clearance 235
Alerting the SAR System 320
ALTERNATE AERODROMES
每 NVFR 299
每 Weather Conditions 153
每 Alternate Aerodromes 153
ALTERNATE REQUIREMENTS
每 Helicopters 307
每 Radio Navaids 299
ALTIMETER
每 Transition level 70
每 Setting procedures diagram 71
每 Setting procedures 69
每 Setting rules 69
Altitude 每 GAAP 225
Animals 每 carriage 12
Approved Observers 146
Area forecasts 129
ATC Radar Services 195
ATIS/CATIS 118
Automatic Broadcast Services 118
Automatic Weather Stations 140
Availability of Meteorological
Documentation 125
Aviation Forecasts 130
Avoiding Controlled Airspace 240
AWIB 122
BALLOON OPERATIONS
- Carriage and use of radio 272
- Meteorological Conditions 273
- Operations in Controlled Airspace 273
- Operations in the Vicinity
of Aerodromes 272
- Balloon Operations 271
377
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
Beacon Terminology 320
Before flight responsibilities
每 Pilot in Command 93
Bird Strike 30
Block Levels 262
Briefing of Passengers 173
CAGRS 200
Callsigns 43
Care and storage of
emergency beacon 326
CARRIAGE
每 Use of radio 272
每 Balloon Operations 272
每 Of animals 12
每 Of firearms 13
每 Of passengers 每 prohibition 11
每 Of passengers in seats
with dual controls 20
CATIS/ATIS 118
Certified Air Ground Radio Service 200
Change of levels
- Controlled Airspace 241
Changes in Medical conditions 2
Charts 114
Circuit Height 每 Helicopters 309
Circuit Height 208
Class E Airspace - Parachuting in 269
Class E Airspace 255
Clearances all Operations 每 GAAP 217
Climb and Cruise Procedures 209
Cloud Height Datum 135
Code 每 Weather Code
and Translation 134
Commercial Operations 10
Commercial Purposes 10
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency 205
Communication and Navaid Failure 339
Conditional clearances - RTF 34
Control Area Protection 234
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
每 After Take-off 246
每 Airways Clearance 235
每 Arrival 248
每 Avoiding Controlled Airspace 240
每 Control Area Protection 234
每 Departure Instructions 244
每 Diversion from track 239
每 Engine start,
push-back and taxi 242
每 Establishment on Track 247
每 Frequency Change 247
每 Go Around Procedures 254
每 Holding 251
每 Minimum altitude requirements 250
每 Nomination of Runways 243
每 Provision of Separation 237
每 Selection of Circuit Direction 252
每 Selection of Take-off Direction 244
每 Separation Minima for Take-off 245
每 Take-off procedures 244
每 Tracking Requirements 249
每 Visual Approach 249
每 Change of levels 241
每 Controlled Airspace 233
378
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
CONTROLS
每 Dual 19
每 Manipulation 24
每 Pilots at 19
每 Conversions 67
CRUISING LEVELS
每 Selection 261
每 Cruising levels 75
CTAF 205
Daily Inspection 177
Danger, Prohibited,
and Restricted Areas 117
Daylight and Darkness Graphs 107
Declared Density Chart 98
Defect reporting 27
Departure Instructions -
Controlled Airspace 244
Departure into adjoining CTA 每 GAAP220
Departure Procedure 每 GAAP 222
Designated Remote Areas 182
Discharge of firearms 13
Disorderly and offensive behaviour 12
Displaced Threshold 88
Distress Signals 328
Ditching 每 Emergency 326
Diverson from Track
- Controlled Airspace 239
Documents to be carried in aircraft 12
Dual controls 每 carriage of passengers 20
Dual controls 19
Duration of Licence 3
EMERGENCY
每 Mercy Flights 340
每 Beacon 每 care and storage 326
每 Locator Transmitters 185
每 Procedures 317
每 Water Still 332
Engine start, push-back and taxi 242
Entry to the Circuit - GAAP 226
Equipment of aircraft for
VFR flight at night 293
Establishment on Track
- Controlled Airspace 247
Exits and passageways
not to be obstructed 21
FIREARMS
每 Carriage 13
每 Discharge 13
FLIGHT INFORMATION
每 Areas 199
每 Service 117
FLIGHT NOTE
每 Contents 162
每 Form 164
FLIGHT NOTIFICATION
每 NVFR 301
每 Contents 162
每 Form 163
每 Flight Notification 159
Flight number callsigns 42
379
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
380
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
Flight Planning Preparation 91
Flight Reviews 每 PPL 5
Flight Reviews required 每 Helicopter 303
Flight within PRD areas 259
FLIGHTS OVER WATER
每 Helicopters 314
每 Safety Equipment 180
每 Flights over water 179
Flightwatch 123
Flotation equipment 180
Flying 每 low 25
Flying over public gatherings 25
Forced landings 330
Forecasts for flights 129
Forecasts 135
Formation Flying 81
Frequency Change
- Controlled Airspace 247
FUEL
每 Planning 103
每 Fuel Requirements 102
每 Fuels and oils 14
GAAP
每 Altitude 225
每 Arrival Procedures 225
每 Clearances all operations 217
每 Departure into adjoining CTA 220
每 Departure Procedure 222
每 Go Around Procedure 230
每 Inbound Radio Calls 232
每 Inbound Reporting points 226
每 Landing Procedures 228
每 Lookout and Give way 219
每 Outbound Radio Calls 223
每 Pilot Responsibilities 216
每 Provision of Separation 216
每 Take-off Procedure 221
每 Taxi Clearance 219
每 Taxi Procedures 218
每 Taxiing after landing 230
每 Tracking Requirements 225
每 Transit of and flight in proximity to 231
每 Procedures 每 Arrival Procedures 225
每 Procedures 213
每 Landing Clearance 229
GLIDING
每 Operations at licenced aerodromes 268
每 Gliding 267
GO AROUND PROCEDURE
每 GAAP 230
每 Controlled Airspace 254
Ground operations of engines 19
Ground Signals 85
Ground station callsigns 40
Ground Vehicles 43
Hazard Alert Service 123
Hazardous Weather 148
HELICOPTER
每 Flight Reviews required 303
每 Recent Experience Requirements 304
每 Alternate Requirements 307
每 Circuit Height 309
每 Flights over water 314
每 Hot Refuelling (Helicopters) 306
每 Instruments required for VFR Flight 306
每 Low Flying 312
每 Special VFR 307
每 Use of Aerodromes 309
Helping Search and Rescue 318
HOLDING
每 Controlled Airspace 251
每 Holding 198
Icing 101
Identification Procedures 197
Illness 2
Impaired efficiency due illness 2
Inbound Radio Calls 每 GAAP 232
Inbound Reporting points 每 GAAP 226
Incidents and accidents 28
Information by Pilots 124
Instruments 每 NVFR 296
Instruments for flight under VFR 77
Instruments required
for VFR Flight 每 Helicopters 306
Instruments 77
INTER 135
Interception of Civil Aircraft 274
Internet 127
Intoxicated persons 11
LANDING
每 Clearance 每 GAAP 229
每 Manoeuvres 210
每 Procedures 每 GAAP 228
Lanes of Entry 260
Licence Production 7
Licence Requirements 每 PPL 5
Licence Requirements 3
Licenced aerodromes
每 Parachute decents at 270
Licencing 每 Student Pilot Licence 3
Light Signals 338
Light Signals 84
Lighting 每 NVFR 295
Listening watch 21
Log Books 6
Logs 每 navigation 24
Lookout and Give way 每 GAAP 219
Low Flying 每 Helicopters 312
Low flying 25
Lowest Safe Altitude - NVFR 286
Magnetic Tracks - Cruising levels 75
Mandatory Broadcast Zone 204
Manipulation of controls 24
Manipulation of propeller 22
MBZ - Parachute Operations in 269
381
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
MBZ 204
Medical Certificate 2
Mercy Flights 340
METAR 142
METEOROLOGICAL
每 Advices 147
每 Briefing 125
每 Conditions for balloons 273
每 Conditions observed en-route 24
每 Reports 142
每 Aerodrome Categories 131
每 Aerodrome Forecasts 130
每 Aircraft Weather Reports 147
每 AIREP 152
每 AIRMET 148
每 Area forecasts 129
每 Automatic Weather Stations 140
每 Aviation Forecasts 130
每 Cloud Height Datum 135
每 Forecasts for flights 129
每 Hazardous Weather 148
每 METAR 142
每 Provisional Forecasts 141
每 SIGMET 147
每 Significant Forecast Abbreviations 133
每 SPECI 142
每 TEMPO and INTER 135
每 Terminal Aerodrome Forecast(TAF) 136
每 Trend Type Forecast (TTF) 140
Minimum altitude requirements-
Controlled Airspace 250
NAIPS Briefing Services 128
NAIPS Contacts 127
NAIPS 126
Navaid rated coverage 285
NAVIGATION
每 Position Fixing 266
每 Track Keeping 265
每 Logs 24
每 Requirements
每 Flights under the VFR 263
每 Under the VFR 79
Night VFR 每 Checklist 280
Nomination of Runways
- Controlled Airspace 243
NON-CONTROLLED AERODROMES
每 Arrival Information 209
每 Circuit Height 208
每 Climb and Cruise Procedures 209
每 Communications 206
每 CTAF 205
每 Landing Manoeuvres 210
每 MBZ 204
每 Separation Minima for Landing 211
每 Summary of Broadcasts 206
每 Take-off 208
每 Taxiing after landing 212
每 Taxiing 207
NOTAM 156
Notification required from operators 129
Numerals 35
382
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
383
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
NVFR
每 Flight notification 301
每 Aircraft Equipment 293
每 Alternate Aerodromes 299
每 Instruments 296
每 Lighting 295
每 Lowest Safe Altitude 286
每 Private pilot Recent experience
requirements 283
每 Qualification for night flying 282
每 Radio Communication Systems 284
每 Radio Navigation Systems 285
每 Alternate Requirements
- Runway lighting 299
Observers 每 Approved 146
Obstruction of exits and passageways 21
Offensive and disorderly behaviour 12
Operating near other aircraft 81
Operation of Transponders 195
OPERATIONS
每 Controlled Airspace 233
每 Private 9
每 Special VFR 187
每 Visual Flight Rules 187
每 At licenced aerodromes 每 Gliding 268
每 In Class E Airspace 255
每 In Controlled Airspace 每 Balloons 273
每 In Controlled Airspace 236
每 In the Vicinity of Aerodromes
每 Balloon Operations 272
每 On and in the vicinity of Aerodromes82
每 Outside Controlled Airspace 203
Outbound Radio Calls 每 GAAP 223
Over water flights 179
Overtaking aircraft 72
PAPI 87
PARACHUTE
每 Decents at licenced aerodromes 270
每 Operations in MBZ 270
Parachuting in Class E Airspace 269
Parachuting Operations 269
Passengers 每 carriage prohibition 11
Persons not to be intoxicated 11
Phonetic alphabet 35
Phrases 44
PILOT IN COMMAND
每 Planning of Flight 91
每 Powers 8
每 Responsibility of Pilot in Command 93
每 Responsibilities 每 before flight 13
每 Pilot in Command 7
Pilot Responsibilities 每 GAAP 216
Pilot Responsibilities 6
Pilots at controls 19
Planning 每 Emergency 317
Planning of flight by Pilot in Command91
Position Fixing 266
Powers of Pilot in Command 8
PPL Recency Requirements 6
Precautions before take-off 23
384
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
Pre-flight altimeter check 69
Pre-flight information
and flight notification 126
Pre-flight Information 91
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING
每 AERIS 121
每 Aerodrome Categories 131
每 Aerodrome Forecasts 130
每 Aircraft Safety 173
每 Aircraft Speeds 184
每 Alternate Aerodromes 153
每 Area forecasts 129
每 Availability of Meteorological
Documentation 125
每 Aviation Forecasts 135
每 AWIB 122
每 Briefing of Passengers 173
每 Charts 114
每 Daily Inspection 177
每 Daylight and Darkness Graphs 107
每 Declared Density Chart(s) 98
每 Designated Remote Areas 182
每 Emergency Locator Transmitters 185
每 Flight Information Service 117
每 Flight Notification 159
每 Flights over water 179
每 Fuel Planning 103
每 Fuel Requirements 102
每 Icing 101
每 Meteorological Briefing 125
每 Meteorology Services 129
每 NAIPS 126
每 Notification required from operators129
每 Radio Requirements 93
每 Safety Precautions before flight 174
每 Significant Forecast Abbreviations 133
每 Take-off and landing of Aircraft 95
每 TEMPO and INTER 135
每 Weather Code and Translation 134
每 Pre-flight Planning 91
Pre-flight safety precautions 175
Prevention of collision 73
Private Operations 9
Private Pilot Licence 5
Production of Licence 7
Prohibhited, Restricted
and Danger Areas 258
Prohibited, Restricted
and Danger Areas 117
Propeller manipulation 22
PROV 141
PROVISION OF SEPARATION
每 Controlled Airspace 237
每 GAAP 216
Provisional Forecasts 141
Public gatherings 每 flying over 25
Push-back, engine start and taxi 242
Qualification for night flying 282
Radar 每 Weather 124
Radar Vectoring Procedures 197
RADIO
每 Aircraft callsigns 41
每 Amended route or level 34
每 callsigns 43
每 Flight number callsigns 42
每 General Phrases 44
每 ground station callsigns 40
每 Ground Vehicles 43
每 numerals 35
每 phonetic alphabet 35
每 read back information 33
每 route terminology 34
每 Standard words and phrases 44
每 Transmission of numbers 36
Radio Calls 每 Outbound 每 GAAP 223
Radio Communication Procedures 197
Radio Communication Systems 每 NVFR284
Radio Failure - Light Signals 338
Radio Failure Procedures 336
Radio Navaids 每 Alternate requirements299
Radio Navigation Systems 每 NVFR 285
Radio Requirements- Pre-flight Planning93
Radio- Standard words and phrases 37
Radio Telephony procedures 31
Radios 每 testing of 21
Rated Coverage 每 Radio Navaids 285
Read back information 33
Recency 每 Student Pilot Licence 4
Recency Requirements (PPL) 6
Recent Experience Requirements 每
Helicopter 304
Refuelling operations 14
Regulation of Flight 每 Assesment of
Priorities 184
Reporting of defects 27
Reports 每 Meteorological 142
Responsibility of pilot
in command before flight 13
Responsibility of Pilot
in Command before flight 93
Restricted, Prohibited
and Danger Areas 117
Restrictions on Advertising 8
Right of way 72
RULES OF THE AIR
每 Aircraft equipment 77
每 Determination of visibility 76
每 Formation Flying 81
每 Light Signals 84
每 Operating near other aircraft 81
每 Operations in the
vicinity of Aerodromes 82
每 Overtaking aircraft 72
每 Prevention of collision 73
每 Right of way 72
每 See and avoid 75
每 Time 81
每 Track Keeping 81
每 VFR navigation 79
每 Rules of the air 72
385
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
Runway lighting
每 NVFR Alternate Requirements 299
Safety harnesses and seat belts 20
Safety Precautions before flight 174
Safety precautions before take-off 23
Safety Signals 329
SARTIME and SARWATCH 212
Seat belts and safety harnesses 20
See and avoid 75
Selection of Circuit Direction
每 Controlled Airspace 252
Selection of Circuit Direction, Separation
Minima and Height 207
Selection of Cruising levels 261
Selection of Take-off Direction
每 Controlled Airspace 244
Separation Minima for Landing 211
Separation Minima for Take-off
每 Controlled Airspace 245
Separation Minima for Take-off
每 Uncontrolled Airspace 208
SIGMET 147
Signaling 每 Emergency 333
Signalling Equipment
每 Over water flights 181
Signals 每 Lights 84
Signals - Ground 85
Significant Forecast Abbreviations 133
Smoking in Aircraft 21
SPECI 142
Special VFR 每 Helicopters 307
Special VFR 187
Standard words and phrases 37
Starting and ground
operations of engines 19
Starting and running of engines 22
Student Pilot Licence 3
Student Pilot Recency Requirements 4
Summary of Broadcasts 206
Survival Equipment
每 Over water flights 181
TAF 136
Take-off and landing of Aircraft 95
Take-off and landing reports 146
TAKE-OFF PROCEDURE
每 GAAP 221
每 Controlled Airspace 244
Take-off safety precautions 23
Take-off, en-route and landing 188
Taxi Clearance 每 GAAP 219
Taxi Procedures - GAAP 218
Taxi, push-back and engine start 242
Taxiing after landing 每 GAAP 230
Taxiing after landing 212
Taxiing of aircraft 22
Taxiing 207
TEMPO 135
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast 130
386
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
Testing of radios 21
Time 105
Time 81
Track Keeping 每 VFR 265
Track Keeping 81
TRACKING REQUIREMENTS
每 GAAP 225
每 Controlled Airspace 249
Transit of and flight in
proximity to a GAAP 231
Transition layer 70
Transmission format 33
Transmission of distress signals 328
Transmission of numbers 36
Transponder Emergency Codes 196
Trend Type Forecast 140
TTF Decode 144
TTF 140
T-VASIS 86
UNICOM 202
Urgency Signals 329
Use of Aerodromes 每 Helicopters 309
Using Distress Beacons 324
VFR 每 Determination of visibility 76
VFR 每 Navigation Requirements 263
VFR 每 Track Keeping 265
VFR altimeters 69
VFR Flights at night 282
VFR instrument serviceability 78
VFR instruments 77
VFR Navigation 79
VFR 187
Visibility for VFR 76
Visual Approach - Controlled Airspace249
Visual Meteological Conditions (VMC)188
VMC 188
Weather Code and Translation 134
Weather Radar 124
Wind Shear Reporting 149
387
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
388
ARE YOU SAFE TO FLY?
Don＊t fly if you are not safe!
TYPE REGISTRATION
Best rate of climb speed kts
Best angle of climb speed kts
Normal climb speed kts
Best glide speed - Heavy kts
Best glide speed - Medium kts
Best glide speed - Light kts
Stall speed 0º Flap kts
Full Flap kts
Short field take-off speed kts
Short field landing speed kts
Flapless landing speed kts
Normal landing speed kts
Maximum gear extension speed kts
Vfe (flap extension speed) kts
Fuel capacity (usable) litres
Fuel Flow (65% power) litres/hr
Fuel flow (75% power) litres/hr
Basic empty weight kg
Maximum take-off weight kg
Maximum baggage weight kg
I llness
M edication
S tress
A lcohol
F atigue
E ating
Are you physically well?
Are you free from the effects of drugs?
Are you free from significant stress?
Are you free from the effects of alcohol?
Are you adequately rested?
Have you eaten properly to work effectively?
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
INDEX
09/2001
5
SECTION
AIRCRAFT DETAILS
389
HIGH KEY
2500ft AGL
3000ft
AGL
ENGINE FAILURE POINT
4500ft AGL
2000ft
AGL
LOW KEY
1500 ft AGL
1000ft AGL
IF TOO LOW
IF TOO HIGH
INITIAL CHECK
Hold Altitude Aim for best
glide speed
Mixture Rich
Carburettor heat Full hot
Fuel On Pump On Change tanks
Trim To best glide speed
FIELD SELECTION
Wind - Determine direction
Surroundings - Power lines, trees
Size & Shape - In relation to wind
Surface & Slope
S(c)ivilisation - Close proximity if
possible
FMOST CHECK
Fuel Contents, pump on,
primer locked
Mixture Up & down range,
leave rich
Oil Temps & pressures
green range
Mags switch Left then right back
to both
Throttle Up & down range,
then close
MAYDAY CALL & SQUAWK 7700
"Mayday Mayday Mayday
Sydney ZFR a Piper
Engine Failure
3nm west of Picton 4500 feet
attempting to land on road"
Any other useful information such as
number of passengers etc.
BRIEF YOUR PASSENGERS
FINAL ACTIONS
Fuel Off
Mixture Close
Mags Off
Harness Tight
Door As required
Master switch Off
Caution If flaps are
electrically
operated
390
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
5
SECTION
NOTES
珜:
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