Part I - The Internal Audit Activity‘s Role in Governance, Risk, and Control
第一部分:内部审计在治理、风险和控制中的作用
A.COMPLY WITH THE IIA‘S ATTRIBUTE STANDARDS (15 - 25 percent)(Proficiency Level)
遵守国际内部审计师协会的属性标准(15-25%)(要求熟练掌握)
1.Define purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal audit activity.
明确内部审计的宗旨、权限和职责
a. Determine if purpose, authority, and responsibility of internal audit activity are clearly documented/approved.
确定内部审计的宗旨、权限和职责是否清楚地以书面形式记录/获得批准
b. Determine if purpose, authority, and responsibility of internal audit activity are communicated to engagement clients.
确定内部审计的宗旨、权限和职责是否通报审计业务客户
c. Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose, authority, and responsibility of the internal audit activity.
阐明内部审计的宗旨、权限和职责
2.Maintain independence and objectivity.
保持独立性和客观性
a. Foster independence
加强独立性
1) Understand organizational independence
理解机构的独立性
2) Recognize the importance of organizational independence
认识机构独立性的重要性
3) Determine if the internal audit activity is properly aligned to achieve organizational independence.
确定内部审计部门是否正确设置以获得其独立性
b. Foster objectivity
加强客观性
1) Establish policies to promote objectivity
制定政策以增进客观性
2) Assess individual objectivity
评估个人的客观性
3) Maintain individual objectivity
保持个人的客观性
4) Recognize and mitigate impairments to independence and objectivity
识别和减轻对独立性和客观性的损害
3.Determine if the required knowledge, skills, and competencies are available.
确定是否具备必要的知识、技能和胜任能力
a. Understand the knowledge, skills, and competencies that an internal auditor needs to possess.
理解内部审计师需要具备的知识、技能和胜任能力
b. Identify the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to fulfill the responsibilities of the internal audit activity
确定内部审计部门履行内部审计职责所必要的知识、技能和胜任能力
4.Develop and/or procure necessary knowledge, skills and competencies collectively required by internal audit activity.
开发和/或取得内部审计部门整体所需要的知识、技能和胜任能力
5.Exercise due professional care.
运用应有的职业审慎
6.Promote continuing professional development.
促进持续专业发展
a. Develop and implement a plan for continuing professional development for internal audit staff.
为内部审计人员制定并实施持续专业发展计划
b. Enhance individual competency through continuing professional development.
通过持续专业发展提高个人能力
7.Promote quality assurance and improvement of the internal audit activity.
促进内部审计的质量保证与改进
a. Establish and maintain a quality assurance and improvement program.
建立和保持质量保证与改进项目
b. Monitor the effectiveness of the quality assurance and improvement program.
监督质量保证与改进项目的效果
c. Report the results of the quality assurance and improvement program to the board or other governing body.
将质量保证与改进项目的结果报告董事会或其他治理机构
d. Conduct quality assurance procedures and recommend improvements to the performance of the internal audit activity.
实施质量保证程序并建议改善内部审计业绩
8. Abide by and promote compliance with the IIA Code of Ethics
遵守和促进对IIA《职业道德规范》的遵守
B.Establish a Risk-based Plan to Determine the Priorities of the Internal Audit Activity (15 - 25 percent)(Proficiency Level)
以风险为基础制定计划确定内部审计重点(15-25%)(要求熟练掌握)
1.Establish a framework for assessing risk.
建立评估风险的框架
2.Use the framework to:
应用该框架:
a. Identify sources of potential engagements (e.g., audit universe, management request, regulatory mandate)
确认潜在审计业务的来源(如:审计域,管理层的要求,法规要求)
b. Assess organization-wide risk
评估组织范围内的风险
c. Solicit potential engagement topics from various sources
从不同来源寻求潜在审计业务
d. Collect and analyze data on proposed engagements
收集和分析拟审计业务的资料
e. Rank and validate risk priorities
对风险高低进行排序和确认
3.Identify internal audit resource requirements
确认内部审计资源需求
4.Coordinate the internal audit activity‘s efforts with:
与以下方面协调内部审计工作:
a. External auditor
外部审计师
b. Regulatory oversight bodies
法规监督机构
c. Other internal assurance functions (e.g., health and safety department)
其他内部保证部门(如,卫生健康和安全部门)
5.Select engagements.
选择审计业务
a. Participate in the engagement selection process
参与审计业务选择过程
b. Select engagements.
选择审计业务
c. Communicate and obtain approval of the engagement plan from board
与董事会沟通以获得其对审计业务计划的批准
6.Identify scope of engagements.
确定审计业务范围
C.Understand the Internal Audit Activity‘s Role in Organizational Governance (10 - 20 percent)(Proficiency Level)
理解内部审计在公司治理中的作用(要求熟练掌握)
1.Obtain board‘s approval of audit charter
获得董事会对审计章程的批准
2.Communicate plan of engagements
沟通审计业务计划
3.Report significant audit issues
报告重大审计事项
4.Communicate key performance indicators to board on a regular basis
定期向董事会报告主要的审计工作业绩指标
5.Discuss areas of significant risk
讨论重大风险领域
6.Support board in enterprise-wide risk assessment
支持董事会开展全公司的风险评估
7.Review positioning of the internal audit function within the risk management framework within the organization.
检查内部审计机构在组织内风险管理框架中的定位
8.Monitor compliance with the corporate code of conduct/business practices
监督遵守公司行为规范和商业惯例情况
9.Report on the effectiveness of the control framework
报告控制框架的效果
10.Assist board in assessing the independence of the external auditor
协助董事会评估外部审计师的独立性
11.Assess ethical climate of the board
评估董事会的道德环境
12.Assess ethical climate of the organization
评估组织的道德环境
13.Assess compliance with policies in specific areas (e.g., derivatives)
评估在特定领域遵守政策的情况(如,衍生产品)
14.Assess organization‘s reporting mechanism to the board
评估组织向董事会报告的机制
15.Conduct follow-up and report on might response to regulatory body reviews
对法规监督机构检查结果的落实情况进行跟踪并报告
16.Conduct follow-up and report on might response to external audit
对外部审计的结果进行跟踪并报告
17.Assess the adequacy of the performance measurement system, achievement of corporate objective
评估业绩测评系统的充分性和整体目标的实现情况
18.Support a culture of fraud awareness and encourage the reporting of improprieties
树立舞弊防范意识,鼓励报告不正当的行为
D.Perform Other Internal Audit Roles and Responsibilities (0 - 10 percent)(Proficiency Level)
执行其他内部审计任务和职责(0-10%)(要求熟练掌握)
1.Ethics/compliance
道德规范/合规情况
a. Investigate and recommend resolution for ethics/compliance complaints
对道德规范/合规情况的投诉进行调查并提出解决办法
b. Determine disposition of ethics violations
确定违反道德规范的处理
c. Foster healthy ethical climate
培养健康的道德氛围
d. Maintain and administer business conduct policy (e.g., conflict of interest)
维护和管理业务行为政策(如,利益冲突)
e. Report on compliance
报告合规情况
2.Risk management
风险管理
a. Develop and implement an organization-wide risk and control framework
建立和实施一个全组织的风险和控制框架
b. Coordinate enterprise-wide risk assessment
协调全公司的风险评估
c. Report corporate risk assessment to broad
向董事会报告公司的风险评估
d. Review business continuity planning process
检查经营持续性计划过程
3.Privacy
保密
a. Determine privacy vulnerabilities
确定保密的薄弱环节
b. Report on compliance
报告合规情况
4.Information or physical security
信息或物理安全
a. Determine security vulnerabilities
确定安全的薄弱环节
b. Determine disposition of security violations
确定对违反安全行为的处理
c. Report on compliance
报告合规情况
E.Governance, Risk, and Control Knowledge Elements (15 - 25 percent)
治理,风险,和控制知识要点(15-25%)
1.Alternative models for corporate governance(Awareness Level)
可选择的公司治理模型(要求了解)
2.Alternative control frameworks(Awareness Level)
可选择的控制框架(要求了解)
3.Risk vocabulary and concepts(Proficiency Level)
风险的词汇和概念(要求熟练掌握)
4.Risk management techniques(Proficiency Level)
风险管理技术(要求熟练掌握)
5.Risk/control implications of different organizational structures(Proficiency Level)
不同组织结构中的风险/控制内容(要求熟练掌握)
6.Risk/control implications of different leadership styles(Awareness Level)
不同领导风格下的风险/控制内容
7.Change management(Awareness Level)
变革管理
8.Conflict management(Awareness Level)
冲突管理
9.Management control techniques(Proficiency Level)
管理控制技术
10.Types of control (preventive, detective, input, output)(Proficiency Level)
控制类型(预防型、检查型、输入、输出)
F.Plan Engagements (15 - 25 percent)(Proficiency Level)
策划审计业务(15-25%)
1.Initiate preliminary communication with engagement client
开展与审计业务客户的初步沟通
2.Conduct a preliminary survey of the area of engagement
对审计业务范围实施初步调查
a. Obtain input from engagement client
从审计业务客户处获得信息
b. Perform analytical reviews
进行分析性复核
c. Perform benchmarking
进行基准比较
d. Conduct interviews
实施面谈
e. Review prior audit reports and other relevant documentation
查阅以前的审计报告和其他相关资料
f. Map processes
绘制流程图
g. Develop Checklists
编制检查清单
3.Complete a detailed risk assessment of the area (prioritize or evaluate risk/control factors)
完成相关领域的详细风险评估(对风险/控制因素进行排序或评估)
4.Coordinate audit engagement efforts with
与以下方面协调审计业务工作:
a. External auditor
外部审计师
b. Regulatory oversight bodies
法规监督机构
5.Establish/refine engagement objectives and finalize the scope of engagement.
建立/完善审计业务的目标,确定审计业务的范围
6.Identify or develop criteria for assurance engagements (criteria against which to audit)
确认或开发保证业务的标准(审计所依照的标准)
7.Consider the potential for fraud when planning an engagement
在策划审计业务时考虑舞弊的潜在可能
a. Be knowledgeable of the risk factors and red flags of fraud
理解舞弊的风险因素和危险信号
b. Identify common types of fraud associated with the engagement area.
确认与审计业务范围相关的一般舞弊类型
c. Determine if risk of fraud requires special consideration when conducting an engagement
在实施审计业务时确定是否需要对舞弊的风险进行特殊考虑
8.Determine engagement procedures.
确定审计业务步骤
9.Determine the level of staff and resources needed for the engagement
确定审计业务所需的人员水平和资源
10.Establish adequate planning and supervision of the engagement.
建立对审计业务充分的计划和监督
11.Prepare engagement work program.
编制审计业务工作方案
第二部分–实施内部审计业务
A. Conduct Engagements (25 - 35 percent) (Proficiency Level)
实施内部审计业务(25– 35%) (要求熟练掌握)
1. Research and apply appropriate standards:
研究和采用适当的标准
a. IIA Professional Practices Framework (e.g., Code of Ethics, Standards, Practice Advisories)
IIA专业实务框架(如,《职业道德规范》、《标准》、《实务公告》)
b. Other professional., legal, and regulatory standards
其他专业的、法律的和法规的标准
2. Maintain awareness of potential for fraud when conducting an engagement
在实施审计业务时要保持防范潜在舞弊的意识
a. Notice indicators or symptoms of fraud
注意舞弊的迹象和征兆
b. Design appropriate engagement steps to address significant risk of fraud
设计适当的审计业务步骤以应对重大的舞弊风险
c. Employ audit tests to detect fraud
采用审计测试以发现舞弊
d. Determine if any suspected fraud merits investigation
确定是否应该对任何可疑的舞弊进行调查
3. Collect data.
收集数据
4. Evaluate the relevance, sufficiency, and competence of evidence.
评估证据的相关性、充分性和适当性
5. Analyze and interpret data.
分析和解释数据
6. Develop workpapers.
编制审计工作底稿
7. Review workpapers.
复核审计工作底稿
8. Communicate interim progress.
沟通中期进展情况
9. Draw conclusions.
得出结论
10. Develop recommendations when appropriate.
在适当的时候编制建议书
11. Report engagement results
报告审计业务结果
a. Conduct exit conference
召开退出会议
b. Prepare report or other communication
编制审计报告或其他沟通文件
c. Approve engagement report
批准审计业务报告
d. Determine distribution of report
确定审计报告的分发
e. Obtain management response to report
取得管理层对报告的反馈意见
12. Conduct client satisfaction survey.
实施顾客满意度调查
13. Complete performance appraisals of engagement staff.
完成审计业务人员的业绩评价
B. Conduct Specific Engagements (25 - 35 percent) (Proficiency Level)
实施具体审计业务(25 - 35 %)(要求熟练掌握)
1. Conduct assurance engagements.
实施保证业务
a. Fraud investigation.
舞弊调查
1) Determine appropriate parties to be involved with investiagion
确定调查的适当对象
2) Establish facts and extent of fraud (e.g., interviews, interrogations, and data analysis)
证实舞弊事实和程度(如,面谈、讯问和数据分析)
3) Report outcomes to apprpriate parties
向适当方面报告结果
4) Complete a process review to improve controls to prevent fraud and recommend changes
对过程进行检查以改善预防舞弊的控制,并提出改进建议。
b. Risk and control self-assessment
风险和控制自我评价
1) Facilitated approach
促进方法
(a) Client-facilitated
审计业务客户自我促进
(b) Audit-facilitated
审计促进
2) Questionnaire approach
调查问卷方法
3) Self-certification approach
自我认证方法
c. Audits of third parties and contract auditing.
第三方审计和合同审计
d. Quality audit engagements.
质量审计业务
e. Due diligence audit engagements.
尽职调查审计业务
f. Security audit engagements.
安全审计业务
g. Privacy audit engagements.
保密审计业务
h. Performance (key performance indicators) audit engagements
绩效(主要业绩指标)审计业务
i. Operational (efficiency and effectiveness) audit engagements
经营(效率和效果)审计业务
j. Financial audit engagements.
财务审计业务
k. Compliance audit engagements.
合规性审计业务
l. Information technology (IT) audit engagements.
信息技术(IT)审计业务
1) Operating systems
操作系统
(a) Mainframe
大型机
(b) Workstations
工作站
(c) Server
服务器
2) Application development
应用软件开发
(a) Application authentication
应用软件认证
(b) Systems development methodology
系统开发方法学
(c) Change control
变动控制
(d) End user computing
终端用户计算
3) Data and network communications
数据和网络通讯
4) Voice communications
语音通讯
5) System security (e.g., firewalls, access control)
系统安全(如,防火墙、访问控制)
6) Contingency planning
应急计划
7) Databases
数据库
8) Data center operations
数据中心运行
9) Web infrastructure
网络基础设施
10) Software licensing
软件许可
2. Conduct consulting engagements
实施咨询业务
a. Internal control training
内部控制培训
b. Business process review
经营过程检查
c. Benchmarking
基准比较法
d. Information technology (IT) and systems development
信息技术(IT)与系统开发
e. Design of performance measurement systems
业绩测评系统的设计
C. Monitor Engagement Outcomes (5 - 15 percent)(Proficiency Level)
监督审计业务结果(5– 15%)(要求熟练掌握)
1. Determine appropriate follow-up activity by the internal audit activity
根据内部审计结果确定适当的跟踪活动
2. Identify appropriate method to monitor engagement outcomes
确认监督审计业务结果的适当方法
3. Conduct follow-up activity
实施跟踪活动
4. Communicate monitoring plan and results
沟通监督计划和结果
D. Fraud Knowledge Elements (5 - 15 percent)
舞弊知识要点(5– 15%)
1. Discovery sampling (Awareness Level)
发现抽样(要求了解)
2. Interrogation techniques (Awareness Level)
讯问技术(要求了解)
3. Forensic auditing (Awareness Level)
司法鉴定审计(要求了解)
4. Use of computers in analyzing data (Proficiency Level)
利用计算机分析数据(要求熟练掌握)
5. Red flags (Proficiency Level)
危险信号(要求熟练掌握)
6. Types of fraud (Proficiency Level)
舞弊类型(要求熟练掌握)
E. Engagement Tools (15 - 25 percent)
审计业务工具(15 - 25 %)
1. Sampling (Awareness Level)
抽样(要求了解)
a. Nonstatistical (judgmental)
非统计(判断)
b. Statistical
统计
2. Statistical analyses (process control techniques) (Awareness Level)
统计分析(过程控制技术)(要求了解)
3. Data gathering tools (Proficiency Level)
数据收集工具(要求熟练掌握)
a. Interviewing
面谈
b. Questionnaires
调查问卷
c. Checklists
检查清单
4. Analytical review techniques (Proficiency Level)
分析性复核技术(要求熟练掌握)
a. Ratio estimation
比率估计
b. Variance analysis (e.g., budget vs. actual)
变量分析(如,预算与实际相比较)
c. Other reasonableness tests
其他合理性测试
5. Observation (Proficiency Level)
观察(要求熟练掌握)
6. Problem solving. (Proficiency Level)
解决问题(要求熟练掌握)
7. Risk and control self-assessment (CSA) (Awareness Level)
风险和控制的自我评价(要求了解)
8. Computerized audit tools and techniques (Proficiency Level)
计算机审计工具和技术(要求熟练掌握)
a. Embedded audit modules
嵌入式审计模块
b. Data extraction techniques
数据提取技术
c. Generalized audit software (e.g., ACL, IDEA)
通用审计软件(如,ACL, IDEA)
d. Spreadsheet analysis
电子表格分析
e. Automated workpapers (e.g., Lotus Notes, Auditor Assistant)
自动化工作底稿(如,Lotus Notes,Auditor Assistant)
9. Process mapping including flowcharting (Proficiency Level)
包括流程图的过程描述(要求熟练掌握)
第三部分:经营分析和信息技术
A. Business Processes (15–25 percent)
经营过程(15-25%)
1. Quality management (e.g., TQM)(Awareness Level)
质量管理(如,全面质量管理)(要求了解)
2. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) framework(Awareness Level)
国际标准化组织框架(要求了解)
3. Forecasting(Awareness Level)
预测(要求了解)
4. Project management techniques(Proficiency Level)
项目管理技术(要求熟练掌握)
5. Business process analysis (e.g., workflow analysis and bottleneck management, theory of constraints)(Proficiency Level)
经营过程分析(如,工作流程分析和瓶颈管理,约束理论)(要求熟练掌握)
6. Inventory management techniques and concepts(Proficiency Level)
存货管理技术与概念(要求熟练掌握)
7. Marketing-pricing objectives and policies(Awareness Level)
营销—定价目标与政策(要求了解)
8. Marketing-supply chain management(Awareness Level)
营销—供应链管理(要求了解)
9. Human Resources(Proficiency Level)
人力资源(要求熟练掌握)
a. Individual performance management and measurement
个人业绩管理与测评
b. Supervision
监督
c. Environmental factors that affect performance
影响业绩的环境因素
d. Facilitation techniques
促进方法
e. Personnel sourcing/staffing
人员来源/配备
f. Training and development
培训与发展
g. Safety
安全
10. Balanced Scorecard(Awareness Level)
平衡计分卡(要求了解)
B. Financial Accounting and Finance (15 - 25 percent)
财务会计与财务管理(15-25%)
1. Basic concepts and underlying principles of financial accounting (statements, terminology, relationships)(Proficiency Level)
财务会计的基本概念与基本原则(报表、术语、关系)(要求熟练掌握)
2. Intermediate concepts of financial accounting (e.g., bonds, leases, pensions, intangible assets, R&D)(Awareness Level)
中级财务会计概念(如,债券、租赁、退休金、无形资产、研发支出)(要求了解)
3. Advanced concepts of financial accounting (e.g., consolidation, partnerships, foreign currency transactions)(Awareness Level)
高级财务会计概念(如,合并、合伙、外币业务)(要求了解)
4. Financial statement analysis(Proficiency Level)
财务报表分析(要求熟练掌握)
5. Cost of capital evaluation(Awareness Level)
资本成本评估(要求了解)
6. Types of debt and equity(Awareness Level)
债务和权益的种类(要求了解)
7. Financial instruments (e.g., derivatives)(Awareness Level)
金融工具(如,衍生工具)(要求了解)
8. Cash management (treasury functions)(Awareness Level)
现金管理(出纳职能)(要求了解)
9. Valuation models(e.g, inventory valuation and business valuation)(Awareness Level)
估价模型(如,存货估价和企业估价)(要求了解)
10. Business development life cycles(Awareness Level)
企业发展生命周期(要求了解)
C. Managerial Accounting (10 - 20 percent)
管理会计(10-20%)
1. Cost concepts (e.g., absorption, variable, fixed)(Proficiency Level)
成本的概念(如,全部成本、变动成本、固定成本)(要求熟练掌握)
2. Capital budgeting(Awareness Level)
资本预算(要求了解)
3. Operating budget(Proficiency Level)
运营预算(要求熟练掌握)
4. Transfer pricing(Awareness Level)
转移定价(要求了解)
5. Cost-volume-profit analysis(Awareness Level)
本—量—利分析(要求了解)
6. Relevant cost(Awareness Level)
相关成本(要求了解)
7. Costing systems (e.g., activity-based, fixed)(Awareness Level)
成本核算系统(如,作业成本系统、固定成本系统)(要求了解)
8. Responsibility accounting(Awareness Level)
责任会计(要求了解)
D. Regulatory, Legal, and Economics (5 -15 percent)(Awareness Level)
规章,法律和经济(5-15%)(要求了解)
1. Impact of government legislation and regulation on business
政府法规对经营的影响
2. Trade legislation and regulations
贸易法规
3. Taxation schemes
税收体系
4. Contracts
合同
5. Nature and rules of legal evidence
法律证据的本质和规则
6. Key economic indicators
主要经济指标
E. Information Technology (IT) (30 - 40 percent)(Awareness Level)
信息技术(要求了解)
1. Control frameworks (e.g., SAC, COBIT)
控制框架(如,SAC,COBIT)
2. LAN, VAN, and WAN
局域网,虚拟专用网和广域网
3. Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
电子资金转账
4. e-Commerce
电子商务
5. Electronic data interchange (EDI)
电子数据交换
6. Functional areas of IT operations
信息技术的功能分类
7. Encryption
加密
8. Viruses
病毒
9. Information protection
信息防护
10. Evaluate investment in IT (cost of ownership)
信息技术投资评估(拥有成本)
11. Enterprise-wide resource planning (ERP) software (e.g., SAP R/3, Peoplesoft)
企业资源计划(如,SAP R/3,Peoplesoft)
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