Bombardier-Challenger_00-Fire_Protection
canatiair
chaiieriQer
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
SECTION 9
FIRE PROTECTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Subject Page
GENERAL 1
FIRE DETECTION 1
Fire Sensing Cables 2
Fire and Overheat Detection Control Units
Operati on
Fire Warning Circuit Testing 7
APU AND POWER PLANT FIRE EXTINGUISHING 7
APU Fire Extinguishing
Power Plant Fire Extinguishing 9
Squibs
System Operation
System Reset 13
I
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
Number Title Page
1 Firex System Components and Controls 3/4
2 Fire Warning and Fault Detection 5
3 Fire Extinguishing System Discharge Lines - Schematic 6
4 Fire Extinguishing Controls 8
5 APU Fire Detection and Extinguishing Sequence 10
6 Power Plant Fire Detection and Extinguishing Sequence 12
7 Firex Monitor Panel 14
Page 1
Mar 01
cacntiaadiiaeinr tjer
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
SECTION 9
FIRE PROTECTION
GENERAL (Figure 1)
Fire protection, consisting of fire detection, warning and extinguishing, is
provided by two independent systems: one for the auxiliary power unit and one
for the two power plants. Each system includes fire detection and extinguishing
electrical circuits, fully integrated through warning, arming and discharge
switch/lights. The fire extinguishing agent (Firex) bottles, two for the power
plants and one for the APU, are located in the rear fuselage equipment bay,
Warning lights and switch/lights indicate low pressure in the Firex bottles and
provide a means of testing the electrical continuity of the discharge cartridge
circuits.
Both systems are capable of detecting false fire warning signals generated by
electrical shorts in the sensing cable circuits. The malfunctioning circuit is
automatically isolated and a warning light in the flight compartment comes or
to indicate a fire detection failure.
Titanium firewalls on the engine pylon serve to isolate the power plant fire
zones from the adjacent aircraft structure. The fuel, hydraulic and engine
bleed air lines are all isolated from the power plant fire zones by shutoff
valves located on the inboard side of the firewall. The APU is surrounded by a
banadized aluminum enclosure designed to contain an APU fire.
FIRE DETECTION
Fire and overheat detection is provided for five detection zones, two for each
power plant and one for the APU. The power plant zones are the area outside
the core cowls, including the power plant accessory section and the
nacelle/pylon, designated zone A, and the area inside the core cowls,
designated zone B. The APU fire zone is the area within the APU enclosure.
Heat sensitive fire sensing cables are routed through the fire zones and are
connected to fire and overheat detection control units 1n the flight
compartment. The detection control units discriminate between valid fire
warnings and system faults and cause either fire warning or fault warning
lights to come on in the flight compartment.
SECTION 9
Page 1
Mar 01/85
cacnhaadllaeinr ger
OPERATING MANUAL
Fire Sensing Cables
Each fire sensing cable is co-axial electrical cable consisting of two
conductors, a stainless steel outer conductor grounded to the airframe and
an inner conductor connected in a closed loop to a detection control unit*
The two conductors are separated by a semi-conductor medium which decreases
in electrical resistance as temperature increases. When the resistance of
the semi-conductor decreases to a preset limit, a fire warning is sent to
the flight compartment via one of the detection control units.
A single break in a cable does not impair its warning capabilities but if a
cable is broken in more than one place, any section between breaks will not
function.
Three cable segments, connected in series, are routed through the power
plant fire zones A and B and a single cable segment is clamped to the
inside of the APU enclosure.
Fire and Overheat Detection Control Units
Three fire and overheat detection control units, one for each power plant
and one for the APU, are attached to the forward pressure bulkhead in the
flight compartment. Each unit contains two separate alarm circuits to
discriminate between valid fire and overheat warnings and false warnings
generated by sensing cable short circuits. The units compare the speed and
extent of sensing cable resistance change and initiate fire and overheat or
fault warnings.
Operation (Figure 2)
Three red fire-warning switch/lights, two for the power plants, LH ENG FIRE
PUSH and RH ENG FIRE PUSH, and one for the APU, APU FIRE PUSH, are located
at the centre of the glareshield in the flight compartment. When a fire or
overheat condition occurs in one of the fire zones, the resistance change
of the fire is detected by the associated fire and overheat detection
control unit and interpreted as either a valid fire warning or as a fault.
If a valid fire warning is received, the detection control unit causes the
appropriate fire warning light to come on, activates the fire warning bell
and sends a warning signal to the master caution and warning system. In
addition, if a valid APU fire warning is received and a weight-on-wheels
signal is present, the APU fire and overheat detection control unit
energizes the APU fire shutoff relay, initiating shutdown of the APU. The
fire warning light and the fire warning bell continue to operate as long as
a fire/overheat condition exists.
If a fire and overheat detection control unit detects a false warning
signal caused by a short in a sensing cable, it powers the appropriate
amber FIRE WARN FAIL light on the fire warning test panel and automatically
isolates the defective fire warning circuit. The MASTER CAUTION/RESET
lights flash when a FIRE WARN FAIL light comes on.
SECTION 9
Page 2
May 28/82
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
FIREX CONTROLS
BOTTLE!
ARMED
PUSH TO
DISCH
BOTTLE 2
1 ARMH)
I PUSH TO
j DISCH
BOTTLE
ARMED
PUSH TO
DISCH
I A ^
I HK
PUSH
FIRE WARNING AND FIREX DISCHARGE SWITCH/LIGHTS
©
LEFT
FIRE WARNING TEST
©APU© RIGHT
FIRE
WARN
FAIL
I FIRE
WARN
1 FAIL
1 F,RE 1
WARN
1 FAIL 1
OFF
WARN TEST M m j FAULT TEST
© ^ ©
©
BOTTLE NO 1
FIREX MONITOR
-1 APU t- BOTTLE NO 2 ©.
LOW
PRESS
L SQUIB
R SQUIB
SQUIB
LP PRESS
| L SQUIB
|R SQUIB
LOW
PRESS
© PRESS TO TEST SQUIB ©
FIREX MONITOR PANEL
FIRE WARNING TEST PANEL
©
Firex System Components and Controls
Figure 1
SECTION 9
Page 3/4
Feb 12/88
FIREX BOTTLES AND DISCHARGE LINES
1 RIGHT POWER PLANT DISCHARGE NOZZLES
2 APU ENCLOSURE
3 APU FIREX BOTTLE
4 APU DISCHARGE NOZZLE
5 LEFT POWER PLANT DISCHARGE NOZZLES
6 LEFT DISCHARGE UNE
7 LEFTT-FITTING
8 POWER PLANT FIREX BOTTLES
9 RIGHTT-FITTING
10 RIGHT DISCHARGE LINE
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
LH ENG, RH ENG AND APU FIRE PUSH SWITCH/LIGHTS
Each switch/light is electrically connected to a fire and overheat
detection control unit.
Red LH ENG, RH ENG or APU FIRE PUSH lights come on if a valid
fire/overheat warning is received by the associated fire and overheat
detection control unit.
When pressed in, switch/lights shut down power plants or APU and
arm associated BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO DISCH light(s) (refer to
Figure 4).
LEFT
FIRE WARNING TEST
© AP„ © RIGHT
FIRE
WARN
FAIL
FIRE
WARN
FAIL
FIRE
WARN
FAIL
WARN TEST
©
FIRE WARN FAIL LIGHTS
Amber FIRE WARN FAIL lights come on if a false/overheat warning,
generated by an electrical short in a sensing cable circuit, is received
by the associated fire and overheat detection control unit. Light
remains on and faulty detection circuit remains isolated from system
until fault is corrected.
FIRE WARNING TEST SWITCH
Three-position, spring-loaded toggle switch with the following
functions:
WARN TEST—Simulates fire/overheat condition by grounding the
sensing cables. Fire warning bell sounds and all the FIRE PUSH and
the BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO DISCH lights come on.
FAULT TEST—Simulates on electrical short in the sensing cables.
All three FIRE WARN FAIL lights come on.
Fire Warning and Fault Detection
Fi gure 2 SECTION 9
Page 5
Feb 12/88
canadair
ctiailenQsr
OPERATING MANUAL
LEFT POWER PLANT FIRE ZONES REAR FUSELAGE EQUIPMENT BAY
1 DISCHARGE NOZZLES-ZONE B
2 DISCHARGE NOZZLE-ZONE A
3 LEFT TWO-WAY CHECK VALVE
4 POWER PLANT FIREX BOTTLE
5 BOTTLE I THERMAL RELIEF DISCHARGE LINE
6BOTTLE2THERMALRELIEF DISCHARGE LINE
7 POWER PLANT FIREX BOTTLE 2
8 RIGHT TWO-WAY CHECK VALVE
9 APU BOTTLE THERMAL RELIEF DISCHARGE LINE
10APU FIREX BOTTLE
LEGEND
DISCHARGE LINES - LEFT POWER PLANT
DISCHARGE LINES - RIGHT POWER PLANT
DISCHARGE LINE - APU
DISCHARGE CARTRIDGE
Fire Extinguishing System Discharge Lines
Schematic
Figure 3
SECTION 9
Page 6
May 28/82
cacntaiEdWaier riQGr
OPERATING MANUAL
D. Fire Warning Circuit Testing
A spring-loaded toggle switch on the fire warning test panel with WARN TEST
and FAULT TEST positions is used to check the serviceability of the fire
detection warning and fault circuits.
Holding the test switch at the WARN TEST position grounds all the fire
sensing cables to simulate fire/overheat conditions in both power plants
and in the APU. If the fire detection system is functioning correctly, the
fire warning bell sounds and all the FIRE PUSH and BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO
DISCH lights come on.
NOTE: The APU fire shutoff relay remains isolated from the fire warning
circuits when the test switch is set to WARN TEST to permit
operation of the APU during testing of the fire warning system.
Holding the test switch at FAULT TEST checks the operation of the fault
detection circuits in the detection control units by simulating a short in
each of the sensing cable circuits. The three FIRE WARN FAIL lights come
on to indicate correct operation of the fault detection circuits.
When released, the test switch on the fire warning test panel returns to
the centre OFF position.
3. APU AND POWER PLANT FIRE EXTINGUISHING (Figure 3)
The fire extinguishing systems for the two power plants and the APU are
controlled by switch/lights located at the centre of the glareshield in the
flight compartment. Three Firex bottles are provided, two for the power plants
and one for the APU. The two power plant bottles are interconnected by a
cross-over feature which allows both bottles to be used on one power plant if
necessary. The APU bottle is completely independent and discharges into the
APU enclosure only. Firex bottle low pressure warning lights and test switches
for the bottle discharge cartridges (squibs) are located on the Firex monitor
panel on the copilot's side console.
A. APU Fire Extinguishing (Figure 4)
The APU Firex bottle is clamped to the rear fuselage structure above the
left side of the APU enclosure and charged with Hal on 1310, a non-toxic and
non-corrosive fire extinguishing agent, pressurized by dry nitrogen at
600 to 625 psig (at 15°C). The bottle is equipped with one discharge valve
and is protected against thermal overpressure by a pressure relief and fill
valve fitting. A pressure gauge, mounted on the bottle and equipped with
an integral electric pressure switch, allows ground service personnel to
monitor the charge pressure and provides the flight compartment with a
bottle low pressure warning.
SECTION 9
Page 7
May 28/82
canadair
ctiaiientjer
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
BOTTLE 1
ARMED
PUSH TO
DISCH
BOTTLE 2
ARMED
PUSH TO
DISCH
BOTTLE I AND BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH SWITCH/LIGHTS
When the appropriate LH or RH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light « pressed in after a
power plant fire warning BOTTLE I and BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH lights
come on rf pressure in associated Rrex bottles exceeds 225 to 275 p*<
After LH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light is pressed m. pressing ether BOTTLE
ARMED PUSH TO DISCH switch/light fires the left squfc or me associated Firex
bottle i.e. pressing the BOTTLE I ARMED PUSH TO DISCH swnch/kght fires left
squib on Firex bottle I and pressing BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH
switch/light fires left squib on Firex bottle 2. Right squibs #r* tired m a similar
manner if RH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light is pressed m response to a f*e/overheat
condition in the right power plant.
BOTTLE
ARMED
PUSH TO
J DISCH J
1 ^ 1
FIRE
1 PUSH II
APU BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO DISCH SWITCH/LIGHT
Following an APU fire warning, and after the APU FIRE PUSH
switch/light has been pressed in, the green BOTTLE ARMED
PUSH TO DISCH light comes on if pressure in APU Firex bottle
exceeds 225 to 275 psi. Pressing switch/light in fires squib on
APU Firex bottle.
Fire Extinguishing Controls
Figure 4
SECTION 9
Page 8
Feb 12/88
canadair
chauenQer
OPERATING MANUAL
The pressure relief and fill valve fitting consists of a valve and fill
fitting in series. Normally the valve prevents flow through the fill
fitting but if the bottle pressure exceeds a predetermined value, a disk in
the valve ruptures to relieve pressure. Discharge is made through a pipe
into the rear fuselage bay.
Bottle discharge is accomplished by electrically firing the squib screwed
into the discharge valve assembly. Firing the squib ruptures a frangible
disk in the valve neck allowing the pressurized Firex agent to flow through
the bottle discharge port.
Power Plant Fire Extinguishing (Figure 4)
Two dual-outlet Firex bottles for the power plant fire extinguishing system
are bolted to the engine mounting torque box in the rear fuselage equipment
bay. The bottles are filled with Halon 1310 extinguishing agent pressurized
by dry nitrogen at 600 to 625 psig (at 15°C). Each bottle is equipped with
a pressure relief and fill valve fitting and a pressure gauge with integral
electric pressure switch which are similar in operation to the units on the
APU Firex bottle. Two discharge valves are installed on each bottle to
permit interconnection of the discharge lines through two T-fittings, each
containing a two-way check valve, making it possible to discharge both the
bottles into one power plant if necessary.
Squibs are installed in each of the discharge valve assemblies. They are
identical to the squib on the APU bottle and operate in a similar manner to
discharge the extinguishing agent.
Squibs
The squibs are Class C explosive devices screwed into the outlet port
assemblies on the Firex bottles and consist of a dry explosive packed
between a metal slug and an electrical connection. Ignition of the
explosive packing is effected by two electric elements, each capable of
firing the squib when powered by a current greater than 2 amperes.
Electrical power for the squibs is provided by the 28-volt dc battery bus
and the ignition circuits are designed to supply a minimum current of
4 amperes to the ignition elements.
System Operation (Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7)
NOTE: The operation of the left power plant fire extinguishing system is
described. The operation of the APU and right power plant systems
is similar except where noted.
When a fire or overheat condition occurs in one of the left power plant
fire zones, the appropriate fire and overheat detection control unit causes
the red LH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light to come on and the fire warning bell
to sound. Pressing in the LH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light arms the left squib
on both the power plant bottles and, if the bottles are fully charged, the
green BOTTLE 1 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH and BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH
SECTION 9
Page 9
May 28/82
canatiair
chaiientjer
OPERATING MANUAL
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT INDICATIONS
APU
LO PRESS
BOTTLE
ARMED
PUSH TO
DISCH
APU
FIRE
PUSH
RESULT EVENT L
1
OUT
OUT
OUT
ON
until APU bottle
is recharged
3 2 ^ 5
o o o §
2 2 2 t
o o ° o
- APU FIRE PUSH light comes on.
- If aircraft is on the ground, the APU fire
shutoff relav is automatically
energized to shut down the APU.
- BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO DISCH
light comes on.
- If airborne, APU fire shutoff relay
is energized to shut down the APU.
- APU squib is armed.
- APU bleed air load control valve closes.
- APU fuel shutoff valves close.
- APU squib fires.
- Firex agent starts discharging into APU
enclosure.
- Pressure switch on bottle opens as
pressure drops below 225 to 276 psi and
APU LO PRESS light on Firex monitor
panel comes on.
- APU fire goes out.
Fire or overheat condition occurs
in the APU fire zone.
APU FIRE PUSH switch/light is
pressed in.
BOTTLE ARMED PUSH TO DISCH
switch/light is pressed in.
APU bottle fully discharges.
T- CM CO rt
APU Fire Detection and
Extinguishing Sequence
Figure 5
SECTION 9
Page 10
May 28/82
canadair
chaiiencjer
OPERATING MANUAL
switch/lights come on. In addition, two relays, the left engine shutoff
relay and the cockpit heater shutoff relay, are energized to effect shutdown
of the left power plant. When energized, the left engine shutoff relay
provides power to initiate the shutdown of the left engine-driven generator
and close the following valves:
The left firewall fuel shutoff valve
The left bleed air shutoff valve
The left hydraulic shutoff valve
The cockpit heater shutoff relay closes the left footwarmer shutoff valve
to complete the isolation of the left bleed air system and is energized
only when the LH ENG FIRE PUSH switch/light is pressed.
Pressing in the BOTTLE 1 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH switch/light grounds both
ignition elements of the left squib on Firex bottle 1. The squib fires
when the current across the elements exceeds 2 amperes, allowing pressurized
Firex agent to flow through the left outlet port and associated discharge
lines into both left power plant fire zones. As the Firex agent discharges,
the electrical pressure switch on the bottle pressure gauge opens, the
BOTTLE 1 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH light goes out and the BOTTLE NO 1 LOW PRESS
light comes on.
If the fire or overheat condition persists after bottle 1 has been fully
discharged, the BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH switch/light can be pressed in
to fire the left squib on bottle 2. The Firex agent from bottle 2 is
released into both the left power plant fire zones but is prevented from
entering bottle 1 by the two-way check valve located in the left T-fitting.
As the pressure in bottle 2 decreases, the electrical pressure switch on
the bottle 2 pressure gauge opens, the BOTTLE 2 ARMED PUSH TO DISCH light
goes out and the BOTTLE NO 2 LOW PRESS light comes on.
The operation of the APU fire extinguishing system is similar to the
operation of the power plant system described above with the following
exceptions:
Only the APU Firex bottle can be discharged into the APU enclosure.
No provision is made to interconnect the power plant and APU discharge
lines.
Pressing the APU FIRE PUSH switch/light causes the green APU BOTTLE
ARMED light to come on, initiates shutdown of the APU through the APU
fire shutoff relay, closes the bleed air load control valve and closes
the fuel shutoff valves on the APU normal feed and negative-g
protection lines.
SECTION 9
Page 11
May 28/82
canadair
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OPERATING MANUAL
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Power Plant Fire Detection
Extinguishing Sequence
Figure *
and SECTION 9
Page 12
May 28/82
OPERATING MANUAL
PSP 606
System Reset
After a fire warning occurs and the appropriate fire warning switch/light
(LH or RH ENG FIRE PUSH or APU FIRE PUSH) is pressed, the fire warning and
extinguishing system can be reset, if circumstances warrant, by pressing
the fire warning switch/light a second time which returns the system to the
pre-warning condition. The fire warning light goes out, the fire warning
bell stops and the APU or engine previously shut down can be restarted.
Attempting to reset the system with a fire or overheat condition still
present in the affected fire zone(s) results in the immediate reactivation
of the fire warning.
SECTION 9
Page 13
Mar 01/85
canadair
chai/enQer
OPERATING MANUAL
'o,
PRESS TO TEST SQUIB SWITCH/LIGHTS
When pressed in, test electrical continuity of ignition circuits to both the ignition elements
inside the associated squib. Green light comes on if ignition circuit is serviceable. Test
current across ignition element is maintained at safe level by switch/light circuit.
BOTTLE LOW PRESS LIGHTS
Energized by circuits across electrical pressure switches integral with bottle-mounted
pressure gauges. Amber LOW PRESS light comes on when associated bottle pressure
drops below 275 to 225 psi and remains on until pressure increases to above 450 psi.
Firex Monitor Panel
Figure 7
SECTION 9
Page 14
May 28/82
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