A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module • Table of contents • Flight operations duties • European Applicable Regulation • General • General aircraft limitations • Payload Range • Operating limitations • In flight performance • One engine inoperative performance • Flight planning • Weight and Balance A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module CG mg Forward limit manoeuvrability Aft limit stability Certified limits : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Origin chosen by the manufacturer O MAC Balance is expressed in percent of MAC MAC : Mean Aerodynamic Chord A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module O a l CG Characteristics of the MAC its length : l the station of its leading edge : a A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module X 2.540 m a = 17.8015 m l = 4.1935 m O Z Example : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module O a l mg CG d B% = 100 d - a l Balance is expressed in percent of MAC : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module x a = 17.8015 m l = 4.1935 m d = 18.800 m B% = 100 d - a l 2.540 m B% = 23.8% Example : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module O mg CG d m1g d1 m2g d2 mig di mgd = mbgdb +m1gd1 +..........migdi+ .....mngdn m = mb + m1 + ...... + mi + .......mn mbg db A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module C% = 100 midi m - a l mgd = mbgdb +m1gd1 +..........migdi+ .....mngdn m = mb + m1 + ...... + mi + .......mn d = midi m A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Index = moment with a new origin O' (D : station of O') mg (d-D) I = A +mg B (d - D) A & B constant O' D O CG d corrected in order to obtain a number between 0 and 100 : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Example : A320 : D = 19 m A = 40 B = 1000g O O' D CG d I = 40 + m 1000(d - 19) Weighing OEM = 39400 kg d = 18.8 m OEM Index = 32.1 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module The aeroplane is divided in several zones : cargo compartments; pax compartments; fuel tanks... For each zone, a given mass mi (10 pax or 1000 kg) located at di (CG of this zone) produces a variation of Index Ii. OEM Index calculation : from the weighing of the aeroplane TOM Index calculation : algebraic sum of the OEM Index and the Index due to the loading of the aeroplane : A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Any mass located into a zone ahead of O' produces a negative I Any mass located into a zone behind O' produces a positive I Ii = (di - D) mig B O’ A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module CGO 01 1000kg CGO 02 CGO 03 Cabin OA 10 pax Cabin OB No influence Cabin OC TOM Index calculation Index 2000kg 1000kg 1500kg 12 Pax 60 Pax 30 Pax I(oem) I(zfm) Fuel +12 I(tom) Index A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module I = A +mg B (a - D +l B% 100 ) I = A +mg B (d - D) B% = 100 d - a + l Balance vs mass and TOM Index is given by parametrized straight lines : Balance determination regarding TOM Index A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Index A Index B1% Bn% 0 mass mmin Aft certified limit Fwd certif. lim I(tom) tom B% Balance determination regarding TOM Index A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module B1% Bn% Index 0 mmin Aft certified limit Fwd certif. lim. mass Operational limits A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Operational limits to compensate deviations and errors : weighing errors, unaccounted modifications and/or equipment variations deviation of the actual CG, or in the distribution, of fuel, baggage, cargo, actual passenger seating deviation caused by the in-flight movement of the cabin crew, pantry equipment and passengers A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Weight (kg) INDEX 1000 +3.76 2000 +2.69 3000 +1.63 4000 +0.57 5000 -0.35 6000 -1.21 7000 -1.97 8000 -2.66 9000 -3.19 10000 -3.25 11000 -2.79 12000 -1.84 13000 -2.27 14000 -3.64 15000 -5.19 16000 -6.75 17000 -8.29 18000 -9.85 FULL -11.14 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module BALANCE : 1. Limits 2. Expression 3. Calculation 4. The Index method 5. Operational limits 6. Balance and fuel consumption JAR OPS 1 Sub-part J A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module CG Wing Lift Pitch down Download Influence of balance on fuel consumption A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Backward CG If CG goes backward : • Stabilizer download • Wing lift • AoA • Drag fuel consumption Influence of balance on fuel consumption A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Index mass ZFM balance TOM balance Outer tanks fueling Inner tanks fueling Center tank fueling Auxiliary tank fueling Influence of balance on fuel consumption : example A310 A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC Date of the module Index mass Taxi, Take off, climb to 20500 ftTransfer towards H stabilizer tank Forward transfert Crossing down FL 200 : fast forward transfer Approach and landing Backward transfer every 5 mn Influence of balance on fuel consumption : example A310作者: 忙盲忙 时间: 2010-7-28 08:56:15 标题: 楼主辛苦啦！
