Federal Aviation Administration U.S. GNSS Update: p Navigation Evolution, & LAAS Certification Moving To a Performance Based NAS • FAA’s Goal Is To Design An Integrated, Performance Based National Airspace System That Can Meet The Needs Of Tomorrow And Satisfy ICAO’s Vision Of A Safe, Secure, And S l I t ti l Presentation to: Regional Airline Seamless International Air Transportation PresentSatiyons tot:e Rmegional Association Flight Technology Committee Name: Phil Leman Date: June 2, 2005 System Federal Aviation 2 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Performance-Based Navigation in the United States • Complete Transition By 2025 • Consistent With ICAO Global Vision • Operational Capability Based On GPS And Augmentations • Enhance Safety, Capacity, Efficiency • Reduce Cost For Legacy Navigation Systems Streamlined Vector -Free A i l Efficient, Flexible Routing Arrivals All-Weather Approaches Departures Federal Aviation 3 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Aviation Navigation Evolution • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Structure For Future Air Navigation Is Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Capability • Components Of GNSS: – Satellite Position, Velocity, and Time Constellation(s) • Global Positioning Satellites (GPS), U.S. - Operational • GLONASS, Russian Federation – Limited Operational • Galileo, European Union - Not Operational • Compass – Not Operational – Augmentation Systems • Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems (ABAS) • Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) • Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) Federal Aviation 4 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 FAA Satellite Navigation Vision Federal Aviation 5 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 LAAS and the FAA Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) • The Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) represents the U.S. solution to the international goal of an interoperable GBAS capability • The FAA has identified GBAS as an “enabler” for the Next Generation Air Transportation System for the US National Airspace, as the all-weather landing aid for a satellite based navigation system for all phases of flight, and as an alternative technology to ILS • The NextGen Integrated Work Plan (IWP) includes GBAS as part of the PNT Services enabler roadmap • GBAS was cited as a promising solution in the New York/ New Jersey Flight Delay Task Force Report (December 6, 2007). The report recommends accelerating the development of LAAS Federal Aviation 6 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 FAA GBAS/LAAS Implementation • Facility/Service approval for integration into the NAS at Memphis and Newark early 2010 • Other US airports interested (Minneapolis, Houston, Seattle, Guam, Philadelphia, John F Kennedy, Atlanta) •Memphis •Memphis Shelby County Airport Authority •Newark •ort Authority New York New Jersey 11/10/2009 •Federal Express •Honeywell Corporation •FAA •Continental Airlines •Honeywell Corporation •FAA Federal Aviation 7 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 FAA GBAS Activities • Continue CAT I implementation at Memphis and Newark • Drafting required documents according to FAA Acquisition Management System (AMS) policy for CAT II/III acquisition decision • CAT II/III Activities – Finalize CAT III standards for user equipment and avionics – Perform Prototyping and Validation – Develop CAT-III Prototype LGF and User Avionics by ~2010/11 – Validate a Integrity Design and Allocations ~2011 – Develop FAA Ground Equipment Specification Federal Aviation 8 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS Integrity • Responsibility for GBAS Integrity resides in the Ground Facility – The user (aircraft) receives a set of integrity parameters from the LGF and applies those in a set of standardized equations to determine protection levels – A protection level bound, or Alert Limit, is transmitted from the LGF with each procedure – The aircraft must check the calculated result against the requirement • The Service Provider is responsible for ensuring that the uplink integrity parameters are accurate and that they provide the required function – Ensuring the uplink integrity will require a review of the equipment design, siting methods/processes, installation methods/processes, and the methods/processes used to characterize the actual/installed system performance Federal Aviation 9 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS CAT I Approval • To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard. • The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification 2937a SYSTEM DESIGN APPROVAL •Safety FACILITY APPROVAL • SERVICE APPROVAL System • Installation Assessment •System Engineering •Software Design Assurance C l H d Installation Requirements • O&M Manual • Operator training • Local SRMD • Flight Procedures Aircraft Approval • ATC Training • Pilot Training •Complex Hardware • Instrument Flight Design •System Level Verification •Commercial Instruction Book • Flight Inspection Criteria • Flight Procedures •Training Material Review •System SRMD •Operational Evaluation Federal Aviation 10 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS System Design Approval (SDA) Requirements • System Design Approval activities are based on: – FAA Order 6700.20A, Non-Federal Navigational Aids and Air Traffic Control Facilities – 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 171.75 allows for FAA approval of new or non-standard systems and equipment. – Baseline is the FAA Non-Federal LAAS Specification, FAA-EAJW44- 2937A Category I Local Area Augmentation System Ground Facility • GBAS Facility Approval and Service Approval follow SDA Federal Aviation 11 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Design Approval System Design Approval SW Design Assurance Training Material Review Reviews System Safety Assessment Complex HW Design Assurance Reviews Commercial Instruction Book Review Systems Engineering Review System Level Verification Functional Hazard Assessment HMI Analysis/Report Preliminary System Safety FMEA/FMES Assessment Algorithm Description Document SRMD (System Design Aspects) Federal Aviation 12 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Design Approval Areas • System Engineering • System Level Verification • Software Design Assurance • Complex Hardware Design • Commercial Instruction Book • Training Material (Maintainer Training) • System Safety Assessment • Operational Evaluation Federal Aviation 13 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Engineering Review • Review of applicant's system engineering processes and products – Human Factors – Personnel Safety – Security – Reliability/Availability – Spectrum – Requirements Management process – Configuration Management process – Quality Assurance process Federal Aviation 14 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Level Verification Review • Intent is to find compliance with every system requirement in the Specification – Review of applicant's verification processes and products – For each requirement in the non-Fed specification: • Trace Requirement from non-Fed spec through design – Requirements decomposition, implementation • Review Test Plan, Procedures and Results – Hardware/Software integration plans, procedures, and results, – Inspection procedures and reports, – Analysis and simulation files and reports • Ensure test approach is adequate Federal Aviation 15 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Software Design Assurance Review • Intent is to find compliance with the applicable objectives listed in RTCA DO-278 – Review of applicant’s (and sub-contractors’) software development processes and products – Perform desk reviews and on-site audits at key points during the SW development lifecycle • Review planning documents, standards, • Review requirements, design, code, & integration artifacts, • Review verification plans, procedures, & results, • Review CM & QA records, Federal Aviation 16 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Complex Electronic Hardware Review • Intent is to find compliance with the appropriate objectives listed in RTCA DO- 254 – Review of applicant’s (and sub-contractors’) complex electronic hardware (CEH) development processes and products – Perform desk reviews and on-site audits at key points during the CEH development lifecycle • Review planning documents and standards, • Review requirements, design, simulation, & integration artifacts, • Review validation and verification processes, procedures, & results, • Review CM & process assurance records, Federal Aviation 17 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Commercial Instruction Book Review • Intent is to find compliance with FAA-D- 2494/b – Contains all necessary information, is up to date with the as-built equipment and has been validated by the applicant – In-Process Reviews of the applicant’s Commercial Instruction Book (CIB) development activities • Technical descriptions, standards & tolerances, maintenance schedules & procedures, parts lists, installation procedures, etc – Review of applicant’s CIB Validation • FAA review and hands-on verification of maintenance procedures (periodic and corrective), operations, troubleshooting, installation procedures Federal Aviation 18 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Training Material Review • Review of the training development process and training materials – Intent is to ensure that training materials: • Are consistent with the equipment design, • Appropriately cover periodic and corrective maintenance, and • Appropriately cover operations activities (installation, calibration, normal operation, etc.) Federal Aviation 19 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Safety Assessment Review • Review of applicant's system safety processes and products using: – ARP 4754, Certification Considerations for Highly-Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems – ARP 4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment – FAA-prepared Operational Hazard Assessment (OHA) • The FAA’s Safety Management System (SMS) must be employed IAW FAA Policy – FAA-developed Safety Risk Management Document (SRMD) must be coordinated and approved • Residual risks are acceptable – Disposition of system risks required prior to System Design Approval Federal Aviation 20 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 System Safety Assessment • Standard Documentation – Applicant System Safety Assurance Plan – Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) – Preliminary System Safety Assessment (PSSA) – System Safety Assessment (SSA) • Additional Safety Related Documentation – Algorithm Design Document – HMI Analysis/Report Federal Aviation 21 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Operational Evaluation • The purpose of this activity is to review the operation of the system in the installed configuration. – Evaluation Criteria • The system is operated in accordance with the operating instruction provided in the Commercial Instruction Book to ensure that the system operates as intended. • System Stability Test – Operate the system over continuously over an extended period of to evaluate the basic stability of the system. • System Log Event Recording – Review of system event / fault logs for false alarms, false exclusions, missed detections, etc.) – Evaluation of System Operation • Review independent user performance data to verify that the information reported in the event log is correct. This is done by comparing the system data to data recorded by an independent system such as the FAATC’s GAEM • Evaluate the system behavior when confronted with obstructions and reflectors (this is done to verify that the system responds appropriately with an excluded RR, an event log entry, etc) Federal Aviation 22 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS CAT I Approval • To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard. • The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification 2937a SYSTEM DESIGN APPROVAL •System Safety Assessment FACILITY APPROVAL •SERVICE APPROVAL •Installation •System Engineering •Software Design Assurance •Complex Hardware Design S t L l V ifi ti Installation Requirements • O&M Manual • Operator training •Local SRMD •rocedures Aircraft Approval •ATC Training • Pilot Training •System Level Verification • Instrument Flight •Commercial Instruction Book •Training Material Review •Flight •Flight Inspection Criteria • Flight Procedures System SRMD •Operational Evaluation Federal Aviation 23 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Key Components/Considerations of the Facility Approval Plan • The Facility Approval Plan describes the activities, objectives, and documentation necessary to address: – Installation – System Operations – Security – Spectrum – Personnel – Test and Evaluation – Maintenance • Local SRMD • Flight Procedures • Flight Inspection Federal Aviation 24 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS CAT I Approval • To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard. • The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification 2937a SYSTEM DESIGN APPROVAL • System Safety Assessment FACILITY APPROVAL •SERVICE APPROVAL • Installation • System Engineering • Software Design Assurance • Complex Hardware Design S t L l V ifi ti Installation Requirements • O&M Manual • Operator training • Local SRMD • Flight Procedures Aircraft Approval • ATC Training • Pilot Training • System Level Verification • Instrument Flight • Commercial Instruction Book • Training Material Review • • Flight Inspection Criteria System SRMD •Operational Evaluation Federal Aviation 25 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Service Approval – User Requirements • Aircraft Equipment – Aircraft equipment designs approved via FAA Technical Standard Orders (TSOs) • TSO-C161 (GBAS equipment) • TSO-C162 (GBAS VHF Receiver) • TSO-C190 (Active Antenna) – Aircraft installations approved via existing FAA processes (e.g., TC, STC, etc) • User/Airlines – Coordinating Approval with FAA Flight Standards POI (Principle Operations Inspector) assigned to an air carrier certificate holder and responsible for the approval of this training – Continental and Qantas use Aircrew Bulletins • ATC Training – Computer based training • GBAS technology, procedures, phraseology, etc. Federal Aviation 26 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 GBAS Avionics Integration • GBAS/LAAS CAT I avionics documents completed – (MASPS / MOPS / TSO / SARPS) • LAAS Integration into Multi Mode Receiver (MMR) completed – Rockwell Collins MMR • Boeing – 737- 800 series GBAS capable, – B787 and B 747-800 GBAS as standard capability • Airbus – A320/A380 certification completed – Planning for GBAS option in all new generation aircraft Federal Aviation 27 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009 Summary • The U.S. is transitioning to a performance based CNS/ATM system • GNSS is one of the cornerstones of NextGen • RNAV/RNP is being implemented throughout the U.S. National Airspace • SBAS (WAAS) development continuing with LP and LPV-200 certifications • GBAS System Design Approval completed in Sept 2009 for Honeywell SLS 4000 “SmartPath” – LAAS implementation efforts ongoing for Memphis and Newark with operational approval expected early 2010 – LAAS avionics available today, multiple aircraft and air carriers already equipped – Continuing to investigate technical approach to achieve Cat III GBAS • GPS III Plan will incorporate greater civil capabilities while increasing multinational signal compatibility • The United States will continue its multilateral and bilateral efforts Federal Aviation 28 Administration FAA GBAS Certification China 2009作者: drjones 时间: 2010-9-1 09:37:29 标题: 很好！正对此感兴趣 ！
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