标题: 空客A340概述 General Information: Airbus A340-200/300/500/600 [打印本页] 作者: 航空 时间: 2012-3-16 13:00:53 标题: 空客A340概述 General Information: Airbus A340-200/300/500/600
When flying long routes (over 5hrs) with MTOW, climb to FL300 & hold Alt with cruise speed 0.78 -0.80 Mach , then fly that level for 30-45 min. then climb to FL310 - 320 @500 fpm and so on until you reach FL350 @ 0.80 - 0.82 Mach.
Try not exceed 91% N1 during cruise in order to have available thrust for emergencies & be more efficient with fuel burn. The reason I mentioned the above procedure with X-Plane is to avoid too much nose pitch up attitude which put the aircraft wing @ higher angle of attack causing speed bleed leading to a clean stall if you are not careful.
The time taken between cruise climb is important because the aircraft will burn fuel (losing weight), your speed will gradually increase @ the same N1 setting , your aircraft pitch up will decrease helping you for the next cruise climb. Rate of climb at these alts should be between 300-500 fpm in order not to lose speed rapidly. The more you climb to FL350 the more the air density is less the better the engine fuel consumption (more range)& the less is thrust.
I usually output data for N1 on the screen & switch the EICAS (Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System) to fuel management to observe aircraft status on fuel burn & range.
You should carry fuel enough for the flight + 40mins for diversions & emergencies i.e. if your trip is 5hrs long, you load fuel for the required 5hrs flight plus fuel for an extra 40 min. You should know your aircraft's average fuel consumption for the type of engines fitted with in order to determine the fuel weight required for the flight. Remember that weight is drag, drag is more fuel burn which costs money (for virtual pilots flying for virtual airlines), so do not carry fuel more than you need. You have a destination to go to & MLW limit. You do not want to arrive to your destination with total weight above MLW!.
FAR Field Lengths
Take-off 9,150 ft to 10,500 ft Landing 6,100 ft to 6,870 ft
Take-off Check List
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Allowable Take-off Weight (MTOW or lower) Checked
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Flaps Set
.
Trim Set
.
Autopilot Controls Off
Final Landing Check List
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Gear Down/Green
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Flaps/Slats Set/ 3 or 4
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Speed Brakes Armed (shift-8)
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ILS freq Tuned
During Descent Check
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Check Allowable Landing Weight (MLW or lower)
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Review your ILS approach & Runway heading
ROC Rate Of Climb
Below 10,000ft
. max. 4,000 fpm @ 250kts (fpm is Feet per minute)
* DO NOT Exceed 250kts @ or Below 10,000ft Altitude.*
Climb Speed above 10,000ft to Cruise Flight Level FL
.
2000 -2500fpm from 10,000 -20,000ft @ 260 -350kts
.
2000 -1500fpm from 20,000 -26,000ft
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1500 -300fpm from 26,000 -35,000 ft depending on weight.
ROD Rate Of Descent
.
From Cruise FL to 10,000ft hold 0.78 Mach until 290 kts, reduce thrust for 2500 fpm
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Below 10,000ft rate of descent varies with ATC requirements, but is between 800 -3000fpm
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In normal conditions 250kts idle descent , then slow & configure speed so as to not add power until on Glide Slope.
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Glide Slope descend is between 1500 - 500fpm depending on your situation
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At Runway Threshold descend between 400 -200fpm for a smooth touchdown landing ( A Greaser Landing).
Thanks to Mohammed Gazzawi, Designer/Test Pilot MGXP