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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08
4 n0 y' z, o0 c* ^9 v oPCG-15 C2 Q& C# f5 \% W1 n& }1 S$ Q
PILOT/CONTROLLER
" w4 o- O0 U0 N h1 c+ oGLOSSARY& z2 I R2 p: X
PURPOSE" F- ?5 e7 N* P: c8 O
a. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic
0 v }% V5 R9 l2 a3 E) _Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms) I, U& c1 M9 [- N
most frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily
7 }1 L/ H' x' d0 b1 m0 w2 M0 G# vdefined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of
% f' P- y1 p" t! j2 L6 othe Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.
, O- `/ t7 Z7 Ab. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International
; x/ ?& v+ U5 E; O! rCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
+ N9 @+ ~9 D* o0 bfollowed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
2 ]6 S ~ F. Dof the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical) a: {; u5 Z# e, t$ s1 s
Information Manual (AIM).
5 I$ Q( [- r V! S$ \. C: i, y( Uc. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.
" ?2 ^* [ x; h$ f* t( z. \4 v3 }EXPLANATION OF CHANGES
+ K) }( Q# ~& d2 q ta. Terms Added:: p" j2 L" U8 w3 g( M# E
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY! z0 H' y i. ~! W9 r# O/ g
b. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
7 o0 ~. B8 c" ]% h: |nature of the changes.
# `2 _: Q7 g# P( w* `Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08' J: O. O- R- R/ Z- h
PCG A-1: r% B& J: e$ }
A2 Y- Q& |# Q( u
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)4 l D: }. G3 d ^! U" d+ U1 z. L
AAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)+ b0 Q! l" ~! }6 Z3 s- w g6 |
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An% D+ `6 n! j- w! r, o) e9 c
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only+ y8 M/ i7 @& F+ `3 y' a+ N# }
that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It4 C8 o7 x: j3 z: @% o6 C2 G+ P
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight$ Q- ?. ], N6 D2 W
plan information. In certain instances, this may be
7 v* ~" H+ x' c) t3 |0 E, honly aircraft identification, location, and pilot# ^0 l8 A/ K( A# e: D! C! U3 }2 b
request. Other information may be requested if5 q: a3 c! A8 h! T& m) o1 S% L, v
needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
$ x( @% w7 X. r* {( ufrequently used by aircraft which are airborne and
3 M |/ q, M) L" F3 C! {% K) zdesire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are6 ?7 t4 F4 P9 D4 W4 I2 w
on the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top." t2 O6 x! n% {' ?" c1 b7 r. [
(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)
8 p7 E* R% i) m& {% T(Refer to AIM.)* G% F4 P8 E( T
ABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or
$ x5 K$ U4 G* ~* ?" M, C; Zobject when that fix, point, or object is approximately6 ~* _9 W+ \& \ d
90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
8 D9 _' ^. E! B& {% @: w# [ W; gAbeam indicates a general position rather than a. ?! Y8 @2 s% J/ |0 o/ [0 a3 ~ C
precise point.
_" L i R `; Z$ OABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft
; R. G5 C* { P3 _+ j: a3 ^maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.6 H7 `# ~( `. n, b6 L
ACC [ICAO]-2 X# o8 c& `- o5 u
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)- \ a# X5 X8 G! Y- e2 w5 p- M
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-/ g' X$ a2 a8 ]
The runway plus stopway length declared available
7 S- v7 I8 D) E5 w- mand suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of8 ?) h3 }1 e/ v6 h
an airplane aborting a takeoff.* z' k r3 Q& @7 q& x& I' ?3 ~ N
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE' z: d3 `, U" I; d- k5 I) h. c
[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus
F9 Q2 K! T/ u# Xthe length of the stopway if provided.5 u b* V1 L2 _; T( p
ACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.). r7 r7 ~, V& `( I/ w! @; u1 ]
ACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have
! K6 K3 c" b& g1 P7 [. Q% \received my message.2 P; ?( Y" E, ]8 Z* V3 O
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)9 i6 X$ U8 q2 C& j! H
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you5 R5 m: r3 `8 V% j, V; @
have received and understood this message.
2 ?4 x) a- G+ x( fACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
3 l/ K1 e/ ~3 B7 l# C2 `' zACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING
* X4 ^% t! q1 a, B4 nSYSTEM.)
8 i* q1 s @3 E0 V2 `5 FACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.). e! D4 _; X s! F* [
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver
4 u" ?- \0 j4 y5 p* M. e. u/ e. ^involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an
5 \) m/ ^$ `9 ]& xabnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not! v# n+ V' a' V1 @
necessary for normal flight.
6 V7 [; z5 B# i3 O2 X(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
. j( h' e8 L+ U9 j0 u( e(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)/ z2 O: q( i3 h/ h, ?, o: f) }
ACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐
1 O: U L- C# X4 x1 K/ J9 ?1 f1 Otionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
7 [) r1 T& X3 d6 c: zchange in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an
+ b& D4 E, A2 ?: Iabnormal variation in speed.3 t4 x3 C/ n% H" s( c
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY
. d8 c( B# U5 V4 ~9 p+ X$ k7 A! rRUNWAY.)
/ x0 `, c" i' S) HACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-
2 J2 l! \! O+ M! tACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An: B2 ] R; ~1 n* {" u
actual time determined at freeze calculated landing! N/ O; n# \9 A4 a
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for/ ^- Q9 D- g( j4 Z4 \8 c
the adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
4 F2 w) `7 n0 b/ e5 d1 ?runway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport
5 q- p1 d. N1 Y' ?8 Earrival delay period, and other metered arrival7 Q% a7 M9 D8 l* A# `
aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival
8 ^. z% q8 K! C; s, G' E) K3 J9 f' i& n(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated. R1 p8 ^8 X u6 ]2 ~6 g0 g) o C
landing time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft6 p) \/ w# D" m5 [3 |# Y
plus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is. A a+ D5 M( S* q. Z; r1 e6 Q
later. This time will not be updated in response to the
1 R) v F( ?6 Y. J. ?$ \1 ^aircraft's progress.
) ]/ {8 |% e/ D; oACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE; a( ?- @8 R9 o$ L- q+ P
(ANP)-, x% O' u' r- X' M
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION
% R' M3 T7 o/ m7 h1 rPERFORMANCE.)
$ z: z1 C E( r& s! {ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information, S+ ~2 C3 h% d( S* X) ^7 \
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to3 C( V0 l) I+ h# H
the following:
: F+ ^. [' k5 \5 b; Ma. Traffic advisories.
( z# y- w9 y4 L$ Q- n% Y# a+ Fb. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
' L1 S! y4 N, m6 g* Kaircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
8 K4 m/ u \" T2 k/ _( Q3 Y8 J; }traffic.3 H" b1 i1 B q2 k# T# U1 W/ b
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
' l! F$ T( D- r" M' w# B3 H8 C z( tPCG A-2
8 N' T' O, q ?: ^6 |c. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or, ?( Y* p" V8 I, U1 n
more from an assigned altitude as observed on a: Z( R c2 }6 ?
verified (reading correctly) automatic altitude) `0 a& W# i' ]( V
readout (Mode C).( J" i. n+ Q$ _5 f
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.
1 j$ P Z# `* R/ Z; c1 Ye. Weather and chaff information.3 R6 K; V- n$ w+ ~! t, {
f. Weather assistance.
$ u( M) z/ z! B: J. N- Yg. Bird activity information.
; I- x x3 p5 m% oh. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐( T6 g' e, c, ?2 r- T% o
vices are provided to the extent possible contingent& C- b' k: R8 b: t) |
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into
+ S0 [1 p* j! m1 c6 O6 gthe performance of higher priority duties and on the
/ q" x% O2 R1 g0 d. m$ wbasis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
$ F2 z' ?0 S! |) w( Efrequency congestion, and controller workload. The0 Z; m" w- w) j4 G
controller has complete discretion for determining if4 Y x! i& w; U: C, t
he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a" E4 W) w4 F6 d" O
service in a particular case. The controller's reason; i& ] k- H5 Q) l' e$ `. V
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a4 e/ e7 v7 [* F; f
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot, s5 ~ W7 d! s2 H$ W
and need not be made known to him/her.
1 Z9 z+ }5 R2 l( X u$ G(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
" j4 e8 Z8 V0 R5 q* i9 y7 l* R5 ^7 T8 j(Refer to AIM.)
7 Q* k3 @' f1 T, c; |; K0 |2 qADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)+ p9 B* _ t- Q8 L8 l% d& X
ADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)) }% r' k- [# E1 H- [6 P, P: V" a
ADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)+ \! ~$ ?7 `$ u/ |; M. l
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐
) O$ {7 D2 Q# T4 }. Listrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated' k x6 V8 G% h# K" a
his/her authority in the matter concerned.
5 ?8 s, T, X; ]- O0 e" wADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
4 f. G6 @" ?9 TADS [ICAO]-
% _0 Y7 V8 S i+ b9 V9 B# a(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
: P K. v+ E/ p: J! |* Z& bSURVEILLANCE.): |( m+ @$ n1 k8 ~ M. U
ADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT7 X" p) ^ S* V" e& x/ g
SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)7 q5 Y2 x+ ~/ Q% p
ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT# D% U1 d5 l; q& M
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.). d! l z: T a4 k
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to' y& J( `5 F" m8 X% e: i( j
do.; J0 ^5 r! ?- G5 W* J4 m1 D2 r
ADVISORY- Advice and information provided to& H3 q. u5 _3 A# X+ Q
assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
8 x& ?* d" h* a2 d& Imovement.
# `: f+ e# w" Y' r2 X# `6 }. g(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)& t) q u3 e* d* }' w$ c
ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐
& H0 T! n- s# ^# mquency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.6 A% P+ L4 ?+ Z) C
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
* {3 v+ Y: w9 M; {(See UNICOM.)' y# A; l, x1 o& G: y
(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)
0 W$ O' E8 G) Y+ w O" }(Refer to AIM.)0 F' j& e# P# \7 B- i
ADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information; f9 W; A3 ], y4 {* ]
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe0 q: X& t/ `/ J- U" z$ f& }. m
conduct of flight and aircraft movement./ n# h7 T% w6 _
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
( }% p. Q# A$ V$ C- h(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY3 x: m! y" A) X) i5 Q4 R& x8 u
SERVICE.)
2 ~! Y q+ s, `4 n8 n(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
$ v" W% X+ O. [3 g! b) S& u; G(See RADAR ADVISORY.)# e% y( a# ] G3 r
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
B9 e% H0 U" g* g& I/ `(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
7 K8 E9 P: z: M3 A$ n$ Y(Refer to AIM.)
+ E! {1 q g, f( t" a/ u* H- vAERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the
4 i1 ^5 U# s! q* Q1 {8 V) K Mmilitary to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another
) P, j* r% M$ r3 Uduring flight.- ~7 y/ L# E- D3 O
(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
; k M. j d3 N- c B9 n% W# F& dAERODROME- A defined area on land or water) i: U8 @7 R1 i' s- Z1 `
(including any buildings, installations and equip‐6 a2 A1 A2 C% H A
ment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for1 T1 W: r! R% G W" \* s* z
the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
# j7 F4 z s, l5 t% s9 j& M1 A; P) |AERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical! ~3 R4 o; V: v Y+ U
beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome
* `; F1 ]9 @) ?& M. W4 Afrom the air.( b5 k3 `) }6 C7 p
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air
0 m% b2 y) q) q) s8 Z& qtraffic control service for aerodrome traffic.3 D+ d7 P: d7 }5 C
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
9 W3 J! e" l9 D; D$ x" ^unit established to provide air traffic control service- y: w8 z. s6 e' U" o8 @0 u) l2 J8 H
to aerodrome traffic.
0 M; V8 I/ q) X; K+ LAERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐7 ^! h* e) T: C7 m0 h- D+ u/ h
tion of the highest point of the landing area.
7 x9 L/ H- N! K$ Q! {AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The
. e3 B% S% g$ b( E9 Jspecified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the
. r( ~, w5 h \0 Q0 P6 ivicinity of an aerodrome.
4 o3 u/ E8 C; QAERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID; x- j o9 ~$ r3 e3 h8 T1 j& ?
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
- _: j2 k& `) `. ~indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a y5 T$ t, w' ] S% t5 ^
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08/ M) m: m2 O% z7 F7 P$ j' C8 q* E7 y
PCG A-3
5 r3 a+ J9 o- V% p+ k+ t; f+ jlandmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in
+ l0 u: P) R7 k1 umountainous terrain, or an obstruction.8 L3 n, }- P4 |5 H. p' G
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
( {9 x1 A8 |. v; h(Refer to AIM.)
' }5 `/ J7 h* \AERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air
p; B3 I; Z$ [9 qnavigation containing all or part of the following:3 r# R; s4 G0 ^+ |5 c: B
topographic features, hazards and obstructions,7 U, C# o+ b8 ~4 x/ }( c
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
% u# p" T/ I6 k8 q7 K$ oairspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical4 ~! M/ M l) J {: t. \
charts are:
: O6 k' L7 s8 w/ a' ]; Y- aa. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-
! ~! I$ x& [/ n7 XDesigned for visual navigation of slow or medium) J7 x% H7 i) ]. ~4 D1 w5 f0 v
speed aircraft. Topographic information on these2 Z9 a2 ?) C( V& `4 F' l5 D
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious: ~, f1 ?* M: @+ U( }0 O- P; C, |
selection of visual check points for VFR flight.- a0 l$ o8 X# n8 ?% K3 g0 ^! @
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
' B: z. T2 ~9 G: y4 daids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,* K1 ?4 {7 ]5 v$ i8 N6 }0 x. _1 G
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.9 Z5 w' a- P: ]. a. F
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-( W7 u- e* h7 R( d0 w, N9 n3 r; @
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the3 Y1 B: j% S/ m1 h5 M/ }# k1 _+ Y
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class
+ L. V, u' ]; A7 Q- p2 {B airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐
, b% r$ k$ x/ v, a+ b+ C1 A5 Ftion and aeronautical information which includes
4 Z# V Y2 Q% |8 h1 w. G, B3 v- k) lvisual and radio aids to navigation, airports,
# }/ u. P) u- m- F* T- T2 hcontrolled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,( x) j+ ]( @" [' D: I- i
and related data.
" a- X; b0 V9 t# F" pc. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)9 r. W" i# s' ~( i, }) n
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐+ V* Z @4 c4 z
tical charts covering land areas of the world at a size- W9 }$ z+ g, J" Z8 [
and scale convenient for navigation by moderate4 w' K4 O7 H# r5 s }$ V" T! i. Q4 ?
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes
4 W6 \2 X" W- W, ocities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐" f* B& i( y7 p$ d2 ?) m5 k
tive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical: E6 V3 b5 S% [+ M
inform ation includes visual and radio aids to% W( b0 M$ L+ j# u
navigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,4 B1 J: d+ u u. n9 {9 S/ P
obstructions, and other pertinent data.- w' L/ y# L% _# ?: Q8 u& v0 G( I3 c
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
) j" f! ^- g8 P( b% z2 Iaeronautical information for en route instrument1 Z+ j) M& P' z$ Z7 I9 e% s" U
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.
9 u+ U% V' K9 [. U6 P1 a" WInformation includes the portrayal of airways, limits
9 w: H. G# X# Gof controlled airspace, position identification and" K( t$ G9 o1 v7 b) K& U- x
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum" x7 e0 Y5 `# Q R9 W5 y3 @
en route and minimum obstruction clearance
8 I! `4 l' |/ ~) Caltitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐
& D, u1 g# D+ C+ Bstricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are2 z* r- B' X& o& _; Y
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger
, L+ q! @3 E" j5 X2 U/ c* p3 Uscale in congested areas.4 n1 Q1 B3 G; u W& J
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
6 @) E, O/ U0 Q1 e( w1 Naeronautical information for en route instrument
5 v: m6 ?% P- W9 o+ Z; S7 C; Unavigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.6 @9 o0 o9 O4 I& l0 m) I F% x
Information includes the portrayal of jet routes,
1 D- s& u- Q, Y% J8 r( yidentification and frequencies of radio aids, selected$ H/ M2 [/ ]8 p) e( G6 U
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,
4 n7 c- _ K( g+ k9 gand related information.3 w1 ^7 P* \0 }9 [# Y! E' O0 N
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-3 `+ g) o; m( H( L- k% f
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to/ [ j: S5 T) {) v* y
execute an instrument approach to an airport. These
- Y& d4 l% p2 S! B {4 I- Scharts depict the procedures, including all related
, G. }; v+ n+ V! ]; {1 b6 Adata, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is$ S# F& m" I& j4 Z
designated for use with a specific type of electronic
3 U! M* _% Q. unavigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,/ L! A7 Q8 D9 {, E
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by
4 m! ]$ { A0 Z4 ?* `- Ethe type of navigational aid(s) which provide final. i3 g9 `; ?# c9 O" G. z
approach guidance.
$ C; T- X* x, [" Hg. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-! v) p& y y0 T# \6 k# U
Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to
+ G1 G( G3 P% D+ V4 Wfacilitate transition between takeoff and en route2 F$ e! b* w8 S' h. z+ m
operations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart; ]# Y/ H# J9 G) C- s" x8 D% j
and may serve a single airport or more than one
$ t, g# }+ F$ c" Mairport in a given geographical location.
, V' Q1 P& C1 ?- x# I% M. ch. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-
5 K, f; r' }" u0 P) I9 L5 k4 iDesigned to expedite air traffic control arrival* e' u) |* N4 J
procedures and to facilitate transition between en' u. O3 S6 ^. c, t2 ?
route and instrument approach operations. Each
, U: t& ^( c0 M4 T5 p* }& MSTAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and
: @- G1 B4 E* s6 \- Wmay serve a single airport or more than one airport in
- l9 z/ G W d$ w6 W! w( ia given geographical location.
$ g8 [/ L$ j ^2 ^5 L" oi. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the
! L5 P$ m, u. j/ j1 t: cefficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.
, j* z, X0 a* l9 Q2 Z' Q2 l! oThese charts are identified by the official airport
: J3 O0 X( ^ n9 K, v9 Nname; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National3 X) V5 t" z# L- L& r4 G. {$ R' i
Airport.8 N- }' t; z# o5 m' _) E
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
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