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航空

European Applicable Regulations

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航空

A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Part 2
European Applicable Regulations
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Table of contents
• Flight operations duties
• European Applicable Regulation
• General
• General aircraft limitations
• Payload Range
• Operating limitations
• In flight performance
• One engine inoperative performance
• Flight planning
• Weight and Balance
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
 2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation
Safety Agency
 2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in
EASA system
 2.4 Structure of a JAR
 2.5 Structure of EASA Regulations and specifications
Detailled Table of Contents – Part 2
European Applicable Regulations
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 46 “small” and independant countries
 Important aeronautical industries with leading
countries (United-Kingdom, Germany, France)
 A major aircraft manufacturer : Airbus
What about Europe ?
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 For aviation safety and in accordance with the Chicago
convention, air transport-air navigation shall be regulated and all
standards from ICAO Annexes shall be implemented in the
national laws of european countries.
 Let’s see who is playing in a part in the system
 ECAC ?
 European Union or European Aviation Safety Agency ?
 Joint Aviation Authorities ?
 National Civil Aviation Authorities (LBA, CAA, DGAC, ENAC ..) ?
What about Europe ?
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The European Civil Aviation Conference
 An inter-governmental organization founded in 1955
 Almost all european countries belongs now to ECAC
(42 countries)
 It used to be the only “Europe”-wide civil aviation
organization
 www.ecac-ceac.org
The European Civil Aviation Conference
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Civil Aviation Conference
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The aim is to promote the continued development of a
safe, efficient and sustainable European air transport
system.
 by harmonizing civil aviation policies and practices
amongst its Member States
 by promoting understanding on policy matters
between Member States and other parts of the world.
The European Civil Aviation Conference
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Activities in the fields of
 Air Traffic Management
 Environment
 Safety (SAFA Program)
 Security
 Economy and regulatory
 Training
The European Civil Aviation Conference
Summary for ECAC
Harmonisation of policies –
Directives for Air Transport
High Level Ministry Of
Transportation
Limited Activities
In the field of Aviation Safety
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Union of 27 countries – Huge legal power
 Bulgari and Romania are the most recent Member States,
joining on 1 January 2007
 Could interfere in technical issues including aviation safety
 Directives related to the mutual recognition of licenses
 Regulation 2407/92 related to the licenses of operators
 Regulation 3922/91 implementing an unique airworthiness code
and common administrative procedures
 Regulation 1592/2002 - EASA
The European Union
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
3 Candidates
25
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU The European Union
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Union
Summary for EU
Legal Entity
Directives and Regulations in Air Transport
including Aviation Safety
Mainly supported since 2003 by EASA (see later)
•2.1 European Context – ECAC and EU
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
2 organisations at the same time
JAA
- – Since 70’s
- Club
- will end in 2007 ?
EASA
- European Union»
- Agency
- since 2003
The Current situation – A little bit « tricky » !
The JAA and the AESA
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
We still need to know about the two organisations during this lecture
Because
 EASA has not defined a complete set of regulations
 EASA is not the unique authority for all the JAA members
states
2 organisations at the same time
The Current situation – A little bit « tricky » !
The JAA and the AESA
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
TEhCeAJoCin(t42A)viation Authorities
JAA (43)
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Armenia, Serbia-Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia
Moldova, Ukraine are the 6 candidate members
EU (25)
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Rep, Denmark
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands
Poland, Portugal, Slovak Rep, Slovenia, Spain
Sweden, UK, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Iceland, Bulgaria
Monaco, Norway
Romania, Turkey
Switzerland
Croatia
The JAA and the AESA
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The Joint Aviation Authorities are a body representing the civil
aviation regulatory authorities of 43 European States.
These States agreed to co-operate in developing and
implementing common safety regulatory standards and
procedures
The results are a set of 36 regulations
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The co-operation between those States was intended to provide
 high and consistent standards of safety
 a « level playing-field » for competition in Europe
 The JAA never became a single European aviation authority (cf EASA)
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 To become a membership of the JAA, a State had to sign the « JAA
Arrangements »
 The JAA Arrangements defined for the JAA members several objectives
and functions
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Main functions described in the JAA arrangements
 To develop and adopt Joint Aviation Requirements (JARs)
in the fields of aircraft design and manufacture, aircraft
operations and maintenance, and the licensing of aviation
personnel.
 To develop administrative and technical procedures for the
implementation of JARs
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Main functions described in the JAA arrangements
 To implement JARs and the related administrative and
technical procedures in a coordinated and uniform manner
../..
 To establish procedures for joint certification of products
and services and where it is considered appropriate to
perform joint certification
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The « JAA arrangements » was signed in 1990 in Cyprus by 33
European countries
 But the JAA works had begun earlier at the very beginning of 70s to
meet the need of the European industries for more harmonisation
between European States (at that time JAA  Joint Airworthiness
Authorities)
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The first work was the writing of a common european airworthiness
regulation for large aircraft JAR-25 and engines
 In 1979, first States adopted JAR 25
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 In 1983, first aircraft certified according to JAR 25 (Bae 146)
 In 1987, extension of JAA works to operations, maintenance, licensing
and certification for all aircraft
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Headquarters located in the Netherlands
 About 30 permanent staff (to be reduced)
 In addition to permanent staff of the Headquarters, the works
were done by experts from the National Aviation Authorities
 Those experts worked in the sectorial teams of the JAA related
to certification, maintenance, operations and licensing
 People from industries was attending the meetings
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Name of the regulation
 JAR – Joint Aviation Requirements
 In the field of
 Airworthiness (design and production)
 Aircraft Maintenance
 Licensing
 Operations
 Flight Simulators
 Also administrative and guidance material
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
– To be applicable, each JARs must be implemented in the national law
• directly
• by regulation of the European Union (for EU members)
– Example : JAR-OPS 1 is implemented in France by a national legal text
named “Arrêté OPS-1”, the same for JAR-FCL-1
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
From The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
To the European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Limits of the JAA !
Objectives to meet - Replace the JAA, efficient technical cooperation
body by a new organisation having a strong political status and a
strong power of jurisdiction, taking into account the european
community fact
Creation of an European agency
28 September 2002 - Regulation 1592/2002 dated 15 july 2002 -
(including creation of EASA)
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Objectives of the regulation 1592/2002
Mains
High and uniform level of safety in Europe
Others
Environmental protection
Free circulation of people, goods and services
Avoid administrative burdens and costs due to multiple
certifications
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
How to meet such objectives ?
1) Mutual recognition of licences, certificates, others documents
delivered by a member of the European Union
2) Creation of a Agency (september 2003, operational in 2003)
Transfer of tasks from the states (EU members) to the agency
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Who will play a part in the new system ?
 EU Council and Parliament
 EU Commission
 Agency
And
 Each National Civil Aviation Authority (EU
Members)
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Differences with JAA
 Member states may no more deviate from
common rules
 Member states may no more impose additional
requirements
 Member states may no more conclude
arrangements with third countries
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Fields of activities
Similar to JAA – Airworthiness , Maintenance, Flight
Operations and Licensing
ossibility of extend the activities to air traffic
control and airports
The Agency is also the technical advisor for the
commission for any issue related to aviation safety
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Current Activities of the EASA
 Certification of products, parts and appliances
 TC, STC, major and minor changes and repairs approvals
 Approvals of « design organisations »
Current Activities of the NAAs (EU members)
 Issuance of individual certificates (CoA) and approvals of
maintenance, production or training (147) organisations
located in a member state by each national authority of the
member states
 Issuance of individual licences (66)
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
In the future : Activities of the NAAs (EU members)
 Issuance of individual crew licences and approvals
of pilot training organisations
 Approvals of operators (Air Operator Certificates)
 As soon as EU-EASA will publish relevant
regulations
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Current Activities of the EASA
 Approvals of organisations (at that time :
maintenance, production and training 147) if
located in third countries (= outside EU)
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Current Activities of the EASA
 This EU regulation is not applicable to amateur/kit
built aircraft, antic aircraft, Ultralights, …
 Refer to annex II of the regulation 1592/2002
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Fields of activities
 This EU regulation is not applicable to amateur/kit built aircraft,
antic aircraft, Ultralights, …
 Refer to annex II of the regulation 1592/2002
The EASA
The European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Staff of the Agency
 civil servant and contract workers
 150 people working at EASA Estimations, about
maximum 350 people working at EASA
 Headquarters – Cologne (germany)
The European Aviation Safety Agency
•2.2 Joint Aviation Authorities and European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
From The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
To the European Aviation Safety Agency
And now, what about regulations ?
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Only one level of regulations
 The JARs
 Not directly applicable in the national laws of JAA
members
The JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Three level of regulations
 Essentiel Requirements : from the EU Council and
Parliament - High Level and Basic Rules
 Implementation Rules) : from the EU Commission
 Others including technical specifications : from the
Agency
The European Aviation Safety Agency
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA sDyisrteecmtly applicable
For EU members
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
The European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JAR 1 (CS Definitions)
 JAR 11
 JAR 21 (Reg 1702/2003 Part 21)
 JAR 22 ( CS 22)
 JAR VLA (CS VLA)
 JAR 23 (CS 23)
 JAR 25 (CS 25)
 JAR 26
 JAR 27 (CS 27)
 JAR VLR (CS VLR)
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
Equivalent regulation
In the EASA system
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2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JAR 29 (CS 29)
 JAR 34 (CS 34)
 JAR 36 (CS 36)
 JAR 39 (Part of Part 21 – GM)
 JAR 66 (Reg 2042/2003 Part 66)
 JAR 145 (Reg 2042/2003 Part 145)
 JAR 147 (Reg 2042/2003 Part 147)
 JAR AWO (CS AWO)
 JAR APU (CS APU)
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The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JAR E (CS E)
 JAR P (CS P)
 JAR TSO (CS ETSO)
 JAR OPS 1
 JAR OPS 3
 JAR MMEL/MEL
 JAR FCL Part 1
 JAR FCL Part 2
 JAR FCL Part 3
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The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JAR FCL Part 4
 JAR-STD 1A
 JAR-STD 2A
 JAR-STD 3A
 JAR-STD 4A
 JAR-STD 1H
 JAR-STD 2H
 JAR-STD 3H
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-21 ( Part 21 of Reg 1702/2003)
 Certification Procedures for aircraft, Products and Related
Parts
First Issue in 1994
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-22 (CS-22)
 Certification standards for the sailplanes and powered
sailplanes
First Issue in 1980
 Based on a German regulation LSFM
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-23 (CS 23)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of aeroplanes in the
normal, utility, aerobatic (with 9 seats or less and MTOW of 12500
lbs or less)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of commuter category
aeroplane (with 19 seats or less and MTOW of 19000 lbs or less)
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-23 (CS 23)
First issue in 1994
 Mainly based on FAR-23
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-VLA (CS VLA)
 Very Light Aircraft
 Airworthiness standards for the certification o aeroplanes with a
single engine, no more than 2 seats and a MTOW no more than
750 kg
 Stalling in landing conf. no more than 45 kts
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-VLA (CS VLA)
 day-VFR only
First issue in 1990
 Based on a “simplified” previous FAR-23
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-25 (CS 25)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of large
aeroplane (multi engined turbine-powered aeroplanes
with a MTOW greater than 5700 kg)
First issue in 1974
 Mainly based on the FAR-25
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-27 (CS 27)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of “small rotorcraft”
with maximum weights of 6000 lbs or less
First issue in 1993
 Mainly based on the FAR-27
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-29 (CS 29)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of “large
rotorcraft” with maximum weights greater than 6000
lbs
First issue in 1993
 Mainly based on the FAR-29
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-APU (CS APU)
 Airworthiness standards for the Auxiliary Power Units
 Based on FAA TSO C-77A
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-E (CS E)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of engines
First issue in 1972
 Based on a British regulation BCAR Section C
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-P (CS P)
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of for
propellers
First issue in 1972
 Based on a British regulation BCAR Section P
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-TSO (CS ETSO)
 A list of approved joint
Technical Standard Orders (TSO)
First issue in 1982
 Based on FAR 21 Subpart O
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-36 (CS 36)
 requirements for complying with aircraft noise certification
Based on ICAO Annex 16
 First issue in 1997
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-34 (CS 34)
 requirements for complying with aircraft emissions certification
 First Issue in 2003
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-39 (now article of Part 21 + GM 21)
 Airworthiness directives
 First issue in 2003
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Airworthiness
The JAR-AWO
 Airworthiness standards for the certification of aircraft which are
capable of automatic landing
First Issue in 1985
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Flight Operations
The JAR-OPS 1
 prescribes the requirements which apply to the operation of
aeroplanes for the purpose of Commercial Air Transportation
First Issue in 1995
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Flight Operations
The JAR-OPS 3
 prescribes the requirements which apply to the operation of
helicopters for the purpose of Commercial Air Transportation
First issue in 1995
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Flight Operations
The JAR-26
 Additional Airworthiness Requirements for Operators
First issue in 1998
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Flight Operations
The JAR-MMEL/MEL
 Master Minimum Equipment List and Minimum Equipment List
First issue in 2000
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Maintenance
The JAR-145 (Part 145 of Reg 2042/2003)
 requirements for the granting of a maintenance organisation
approval
First Issue in 1991
 Similar to FAR 145 (repairs stations)
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Maintenance
The JAR-66 (Part 66 of Reg 2042/2003)
 Certifying Staff
First Issue in 1998
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Maintenance
The JAR-147 (Part 147 of Reg 2042/2003)
 Maintenance Training organisations
First Issue in 1998
 Similar to FAR 147
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-FCL Part 1
 requirements for obtaining and maintaining a aircraft pilot’s license
 requirements for Training Organisation, Approved courses and
examiner authorisation
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-FCL Part 1
First Issue in 1997
 Mainly based on ICAO Annex 1
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-FCL Part 2
 requirements for obtaining and maintaining a helicopter pilot’s
license
 requirements for Training Organisation, Approved courses and
examiner authorisation
First Issue in 1997
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-FCL Part 3
 requirements for obtaining and maintaining a medical certificate in
conjunction with a pilot’s license
 also contains the JAA Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine
First Issue in 1997
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-FCL Part 4
 requirements for obtaining and maintaining a flight engineer license
First Issue in 2002
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-STD Part 1 (A - Airplane H Helicopter)
 STD stands for Synthetic Training Devices
 Contains requirements which apply to those persons or
organisations seeking qualification of flight simulators
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-STD Part 2
 STD stands for Synthetic Training Devices
 Contains requirements which apply to those persons or
organisations seeking qualification of training devices
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Related to Licensing
The JAR-STD Part 3
 STD stands for Synthetic Training Devices
 Contains requirements which apply to those persons or
organisations seeking qualification of Flight & Navigation
Procedures Trainers (FNPT)
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Administrative
The JAR-1 (CS Definitions)
 gives a list of definitions and abbreviations used in the JAA system
First Issue in 1976
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Administrative
The JAR-11
 Rulemaking procedures
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Evolution of JARs and EASA regulation by NPAs (Notice of Proposed Amendement)
Regulations in draft issue or foreseen
 JAR-OPS 0,2 and 4 - General Rules (draft)  EASA regulations
 JAR 129 - Non JAA Operators  EASA regulations if any
 JAR 31 – Balloons  CS 31 (not published)
 CS30 (Airships)
 JAR-FCL 5 - Balloons and gliders  EASA regulations

 JAR-M – published soon based on Part M
The 36 JARs and equivalent in EASA system (if any)
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements and equivalent in EASA system
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JARs contains both requirements and advisory
material divided in two sections (section 1 for the
requirements and section 2 for the advisory
material)
Structure of the regulation
JARs
AAAiririNrNNaavavivgigiagataitoitoinonn
JAR Section 1 Section 2
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 JARs contains both requirements and advisory
material divided in two sections (section 1 for the
requirements and section 2 for the advisory
material)
AAAiririNrNNaavavivgigiagataitoitoinonn
JAR Section 1
Structure of the regulation
JARs
Requirements
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 In the section 2, the advisory material may be
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) or a
Interpretative and Explanatory Material (IEM)
Section 2
AMC + IEM
In some design Codes (ex
JAR25) section 2 – ACJ (both
AMC and IEM)section 3 – AcJ
Structure of the regulation
JARs
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The section 2 includes both
 AMC - Acceptable Means of compliance
 IEM - Interpretative and Explanatory Material
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) illustrate
a means, ..., but not necessarily the only possible
means by which a requirement can be met.
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) illustrate
a means, ..., but not necessarily the only possible
means by which a requirement can be met.
Structure of the regulation
JARs
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 The section 2 includes both
 AMC - Acceptable Means of compliance
 IEM - Interpretative and Explanatory Material
Interpretative/Explanatory Material (IEM) helps
to illustrate the meaning of a requirement.
Interpretative/Explanatory Material (IEM) helps
to illustrate the meaning of a requirement.
Structure of the regulation
JARs
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 An example of AMC - (The AMC JAR_OPS 1.255 c)
1.255 c) An operator shall ensure that the pre-flight
calculation of usable fuel required for a flight includes:
(1) Taxy fuel;
(2) Trip fuel;
(3) Reserve fuel consisting of:
(i) Contingency fuel
(ii) Alternate fuel, ...
(iii) Final reserve fuel; and
(iv) Additional fuel, ...
(4) Extra fuel if required
by the commander.
1.255 c) An operator shall ensure that the pre-flight
calculation of usable fuel required for a flight includes:
(1) Taxy fuel;
(2) Trip fuel;
(3) Reserve fuel consisting of:
(i) Contingency fuel
(ii) Alternate fuel, ...
(iii) Final reserve fuel; and
(iv) Additional fuel, ...
(4) Extra fuel if required
by the commander.
Structure of the regulation
JARs
JAR-OPS 1
Section 1
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
1.255 c) An operator shall ensure that the pre-flight
calculation of usable fuel required for a flight includes:
(1) Taxy fuel;
(2) Trip fuel;
(3) Reserve fuel consisting of:
(i) Contingency fuel
(ii) Alternate fuel, ...
(iii) Final reserve fuel; and
(iv) Additional fuel, ...
(4) Extra fuel if required
by the commander.
1.255 c) An operator shall ensure that the pre-flight
calculation of usable fuel required for a flight includes:
(1) Taxy fuel;
(2) Trip fuel;
(3) Reserve fuel consisting of:
(i) Contingency fuel
(ii) Alternate fuel, ...
(iii) Final reserve fuel; and
(iv) Additional fuel, ...
(4) Extra fuel if required
by the commander.
Structure of the regulation
JARs
Final reserve fuel, which should be:
a. For aeroplanes with reciprocating engines, fuel to fly
for 45 minutes; or
b. For aeroplanes with turbine power units, fuel to fly
for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft (450 m) above
aerodrome elevation in standard conditions, calculated with
the estimated mass on arrival at the alternate or the
destination, when no alternate is required.
Final reserve fuel, which should be:
a. For aeroplanes with reciprocating engines, fuel to fly
for 45 minutes; or
b. For aeroplanes with turbine power units, fuel to fly
for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft (450 m) above
aerodrome elevation in standard conditions, calculated with
the estimated mass on arrival at the alternate or the
destination, when no alternate is required.
JAR-OPS 1
Section 2
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 An Example of a IEM - (The IEM 1.260 a)
OPS 1.260 a)
An operator shall establish procedures for
the carriage of Persons with Reduced
Mobility (PRMs).
OPS 1.260 a)
An operator shall establish procedures for
the carriage of Persons with Reduced
Mobility (PRMs).
JAR-OPS 1
Section 1
Structure of the regulation
JARs
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
OPS 1.260 a)
An operator shall establish procedures for
the carriage of Persons with Reduced
Mobility (PRMs).
OPS 1.260 a)
An operator shall establish procedures for
the carriage of Persons with Reduced
Mobility (PRMs).
IEM 1.260
A person with reduced mobility (PRM) is
understood to mean a person whose mobility is
reduced due to physical incapacity (sensory or
locomotory), an intellectual deficiency, age,
illness or any other cause of disability when
using transport and when the situation needs
special attention and the adaptation to a
person’s need of the service made available to
all passengers.
JAR-OPS 1
Section 2
Structure of the regulation
JARs
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Also, 6 sections of Administrative and Guidance Material
Structure of the regulation
JARs
Section 1
JAA General
Section 2
Maintenance
Section 3
Certification
Section 4
Operations
Section 5
Licensing
Section 6
Flight Simulators
Part 1 - General
Part 2 - Procedures
Part 3 - Leaflet (temporary guidances)
Part 4 - Registers
4 same parts
For each
Of the 5 sections
•2.4 Structure of a JAR
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Commission Regulations - Implementation Rules
 Section A – Requirements for the Industry
 Section B – Requirements for the Authority (EU members
NAAs)
 Associated to the regulations GM and AMC (eg GM and
AMC21)
NEW
Structure of the regulation
EASA System
2.5 Structure of EASA Regulations and specifications
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Technical specifications : CS NEW
Structure of the regulation
EASA System
AAAiririNrNNaavavivgigiagataitoitoinonn
CS Book 1 Book 2
2.5 Structure of EASA Regulations and specifications
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
 Technical specifications : CS

 Book 1 “Agency’s technical interpretation of the essential
requirements “
 Book 2 (only AMC – ex ACJ (AMC – IEM) and AMJ)
NEW
Structure of the regulation
EASA System
2.5 Structure of EASA Regulations and specifications
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Acronymes
A6 or A8 refers to ICAO Annex 6 or 8
A/C Aircraft
AFCAC African Civil Aviation Commission
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance
AWO All Weather Operations (JAR-)
CAA Civil Aviation Authority (British NAA)
CC refers to the Chicago Convention
CoA Certificate of Airworthiness
CS Certification Specification (EASA)
DGAC Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile (French
NAA)
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Acronymes used in Parts I and II
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
ENAC Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile
ENAC Name of the Italian NAA
ER Essential Requirements (EASA)
EU European Union
FARs Federal Aviation Requirements (USA)
FCL Flight Crew Licensing (JAR-)
HQ Headquarters
OPS (Flight) Operations
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IEM Interpretative and Explanatory Material
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Acronymes used in Parts I and II
IR Implementation Rules (EASA)
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR Joint Aviation Requirements
LACAC Latin America and Central America Commission
LBA Name of the German NAA
(M)MEL (Master) Minimum Equipment List
MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight
NAA National Aviation Authority
NPA Notice of Proposed Amendment
TC Type Certificate
TSO Technical Standard Order MAP
A project supported by AIRBUS and the CAAC
Date of the module
Acronymes used in Parts I and II
SARPS Standards and Recommended Practices
STC Supplemental Type Certificate
UN United Nations (Organisation)
USOAP Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program
WHO World Health Organisation
WTO World Trade Organisation

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