RNAV and Required Navigation Navigation Overview and Roadmap

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China ATMB GNSS Seminar 0
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 0
Performance-Based
Navigation:
Area Navigation (RNAV)
and
Required Navigation
Performance (RNP):
Overview and Roadmap
Federal Aviation
Administration
Presentation to: China ATMB GNSS Seminar, Beijing
Name: Dan Hanlon
Federal Aviation Administration
Air Traffic Organization Representative
Asia Pacific
Date: 17 April 2007
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 1
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 1
Briefing Topics
• Evolution to Performance Based Navigation
• Definitions
􀂾 Area Navigation (RNAV)
􀂾 Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
• PBN in the Larger Airspace System Context
• ICAO’s Performance Based Navigation Activities
• Planning for PBN:
• Implementation Principles
• Developing a Roadmap
• General Implementation Considerations
• Summary
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 2
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 2
Optimized
Use of Airspace
“curved”
paths
Seamless
Vertical
Path
Narrow Obstacle
Clearance Areas
RNP
Evolution to Performance-Based Navigation
Limited
Design
Flexibility
Conventional
Routes
Current Ground
NAVAIDs
Waypoints
RNAV
Increased Airspace
Efficiency
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 3
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 3
Definition of Area Navigation (RNAV)
• RNAV - a method of navigation
enabling aircraft to fly on any desired
flight path
􀂃 within the coverage of
referenced NAVAIDS, or
􀂃 within the limits of the capability
of self-contained systems, or
􀂃 a combination of these
capabilities
• RNAV operations achieve safety
through a combined use of
􀂃 aircraft navigation accuracy,
􀂃 air traffic control intervention
􀂾 via surveillance, communications
􀂃 route separation
RRNNAAVV
104
137
65
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 4
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 4
• RNP is RNAV operations with
the added feature of on-board
navigation performance
monitoring and alerting
• RNP has the potential to allow
lessened reliance on air traffic
control intervention and/or route
separation to achieve the overall
safety of the operation
RRNNPP
104
137
65
Definition of Required Navigation
Performance (RNP)
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 5
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 5
Strategic Objectives:
What Do We Need to Achieve?
Safety? Capacity? Efficiency? Environment? Access?
The Larger Context of PBN (1)
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 6
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 6
The Larger Context of PBN (2)
COM NAV SURV ATM
RNAV RNP
PBN
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 7
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 7
ICAO RNP Study Group
• ICAO formed the RNP Special Operations
Requirements Study Group (RNP Study Group) in
December 2003 to address the many confusing
usages of RNP and RNAV terms and concepts
􀂃 Members include Australia, Brazil, Canada,
EUROCONTROL, France, Japan, United Kingdom,
United States, IATA, ICCAIA, IFALPA
• RNP Study Group seeks global harmonization
covering standards and terminology
􀂃 Revised concept known as Performance Based
Navigation Concept (PBN); includes definitions of
RNAV and RNP
• Group revised ICAO Doc 9613, RNP Manual
􀂃 Renamed Performance-Based Navigation Manual
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 8
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 8
ICAO: Basic Elements of PBN Implementation
(RNAV or RNP)
NAVIGATION
APPLICATION =
Air Traffic System Airspace,
NAVIGATION Routes and Instrument Procedures
SPECIFICATION
+
Airworthiness and Operator Requirements
NAVAID
INFRASTRUCTURE
GNSS?
DME/DME?
DME/DME/IRU?
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 9
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 9
ICAO Standardized Navigation Specifications
Performance Based
Navigation Concept
RNP 4
RNP 2
Basic RNP 1
RNP APCH
RNP AR APCH
RNP
(Future
Requirements)
Navigation Specifications
WITH Performance
Monitoring and Alerting:
RNP
Revised ICAO Document 9613, Manual for Performance Based Navigation
RNAV-10
(will maintain current
RNP-10 designation)
RNAV 5
RNAV 2
RNAV 1
Navigation Specifications
WITHOUT Performance
Monitoring and Alerting:
RNAV
NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATION
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 10
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 10
Performance-Based Navigation In All Phases of Flight
“Snapshot” of Current Continental Implementations
RNAV 1
Departures
RNAV 5 Routes
RNAV 2 Routes
RNAV 1 Arrivals
RNP Approach
(i.e. RNAV (GPS)
RNP Auth Req’d
Approaches
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 11
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 11
RNP Approach with Authorization Required (RNP AR)
Key Features
R
R
2 RNP
2 RNP
2 RNP
2 RNP
STEP 2:
Locate Turn Center
STEP 1:
Segment
Initial
Fix
a=R
b=R+(2xRNP)
c=R-(2xRNP)
Segment
Terminating
Fix
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
a
b
c
Tangent Points
Tangent Points
Apply para 2-2
Radius to Fix (RF) for Curved Paths
Vertical Error Budget &
Guided Missed Approach
Narrow
Segments
Narrow lateral linear segments
(RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers)
Curved segments anywhere along the approach
(Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths)
Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches
(Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less)
Performance-based Vertical Buffers
(Vertical Error Budget )
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 12
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 12
Possible Applications for RNP Approach with
Authorization Required – RNP (AR*)
Approach minimums
lower than existing minima
Increased arrival and
departure rates for adjacent
airports involved
Arrival capacity gains up to
50% over single runway
operations
Arrival capacity gains
up to 60% over single
runway operations
Single Runway
Access
Adjacent Airport
Operations
Converging
Operations
Parallel
Operations
36
31
9
*US term: SAAAR – Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required
750’ - <5000’
Airport A
Airport B
36L 36R
Conventional RNP
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 13
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 13
Key ICAO Guidance for Performance Based Navigation
• Document 9613 Manual for Performance Based Navigation
􀂃 Draft Publication available now
􀂃 Volume 1 – Concepts and Implementation Guidance
􀂃 Volume II – Implementing RNAV and RNP Applications
􀂾 Includes detailed Navigation Specifications with airworthiness and operator guidance
• Procedure Design Guidance
􀂃 Document 8168 Vol II – Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Operations (PANS
OPS)
􀂾 Routes, RNAV approaches
􀂃 RNP Approach with Authorization Required
􀂾 Initial, stand-alone procedure design Manual for RNP (AR)
􀂾 Eventually to be incorporated into Doc 8168
􀂾 Associated airworthiness and operator requirements (“AR”) in Doc 9613 Vol II, Navigation
Specification for RNP AR Approach
􀂾 Same guidance as contained in FAA Order 8260.52 and Advisory Circular 90-101
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 14
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 14
RNP AR Approach
Example: Palm Springs, CA (KPSP)
Minima 2300 (1900) -3 Minima 734 (300) - 1
• Replaces nonprecision
approach
into a valley with
mountainous terrain
• Safety enhanced,
with guided,
stabilized 3D path to
runway
• Minima lowered by
1600 ft & 2 miles
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 15
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 15
Implementation Principles
• Implement cost-effective PBN to
produce measurable improvements in
􀂃 Flight safety
􀂃 system capacity
􀂃 operational efficiency
􀂃 new or improved airport and airspace
access
• Achieve aviation community
collaboration and consensus on
priorities and standards
􀂃 FAA Roadmap for Performance Based
Navigation
• Leverage existing investments in
􀂃 Aircraft operations and capabilities
􀂃 Navigation infrastructure
􀂃 Procedures http://www.faa.gov/ats/atp/rnp/rnav.htm
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 16
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 16
What is a Roadmap?
• A document developed by aviation stakeholders
􀂃 Regulators
􀂃 Air traffic service providers
􀂃 Users (air carriers, business aviation, military general aviation)
􀂃 Equipment manufacturers
􀂃 US - Performance Based Operations Aviation Rulemaking
Committee (PARC)
• A Roadmap can:
􀂃 Define operational goals and concepts
􀂃 Identify steps and milestones to achieve those goals
􀂃 Identify any technical and/or policy issues that need to be
addressed
􀂃 Outline any critical decisions that will need to be made along
the way
􀂃 Level of detail in a Roadmap varies, based on needs
􀂃 Doesn’t need to be very long
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 17
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 17
Why Develop a Roadmap?
• To give all aviation stakeholders a common
understanding of
􀂃 Where the system is headed
􀂾 Operational concepts and goals
􀂾 Key decisions to make along the way
􀂃 Why it is headed there
􀂾 Expected benefits
􀂃 The speed it is headed there
􀂾 Steps, milestones, timelines or phases
• So that they can make their necessary
decisions to implement performance-based
navigation. Examples
􀂃 Regulations (airworthiness, operator approvals, air
traffic procedures)
􀂃 Equipment purchases (carriers – install GPS?
Single FMS/ Dual FMS?)
􀂃 Training
􀂃 Maintenance
Example: FAA- Roadmap 2006 Update Summary
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 19
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 19
Procedure Design
Flight Plans
(Aircraft Suffix)
Mixed Operations
Automation
ATC
Implementation Considerations for PBN
Ops
Concepts
Phraseology
Charting
Human Factors
Safety
Metrics
Training
Flight Management
System (FMS)
Variances
Procedure Design
Criteria
Equipage/Capability
Database Integrity
Aircraft
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 20
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 20
The Key to Successful RNAV and RNP Implementation
Flight Standards:
􀀹 Requirements for
Operators
􀀹 Criteria for Procedure
Designs
􀀹Database Integrity
Aircraft Certification:
􀀹 Airworthiness
Air Traffic:
􀀹 Route/procedure
location for traffic flow?
􀀹 Separation supported
by selected Navigation
Specification?
􀀹 Radar or non-Radar?
􀀹“Mixed equipage”
challenges?
􀀹 Controller
expectations?
Air Traffic Service Provider and Regulator Agency
MUST work together and with Industry
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 21
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 21
Example of Collaboration on Implementation:
FAA Regional Airspace and Procedures Teams (RAPTs)
• FAA Order 8260.43A, Flight Procedures Management Program
• RAPT Members (FAA)
􀂃 Flight Procedures Office or a designated representative (Chairperson)
􀂃 Air Traffic Facilities (Airspace and Operations)
􀂃 Flight Standards
􀂃 Airport authority
• RAPTs also have industry and other Government agency participants
􀂾 Air Carriers, General Aviation, military, state/local aviation organizations,
others as needed
􀂾 Meet regularly to adequately address specific flight procedure design and
implementation requests and issues
􀂃 Core RAPT members meet more frequently to assure progress of flight
procedure requests
• Each Region’s RAPT is the FAA’s KEY design and implementation
body for PBN routes and procedures in their area of responsibility
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 22
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 22
Summary
• Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) can provide airspace
capacity, efficiency, safety and access benefits
􀂃 Navigation does not “stand alone” – must consider all aspects of
CNS/ATM to achieve an Airspace Plan (Concept)
• ICAO has revised Document 9613 (new title Manual for
Performance Based Navigation)
􀂃 Standardized Navigation Specifications
• Air Traffic and Regulator Agencies must work together and with
aviation stakeholders in order to
􀂃 Develop PBN implementations priorities and strategies
􀂾 “Roadmap”
􀂃 Successfully implement specific PBN routes and procedures
China ATMB GNSS Seminar 23
Beijing 17 April 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration 23
Please visit the FAA’s
RNAV & RNP website at:
http://www.faa.gov/ats/atp/
rnp/rnav.htm
Thank you

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