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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08! L. h7 b& u Y2 E; R4 [
PCG-1
! U* I" ]3 Y# g- bPILOT/CONTROLLER) q' e' t4 x" o1 P$ w+ n( a% o
GLOSSARY
6 I: \4 @% K# q4 O, BPURPOSE
; P" R8 X" }+ a I. [' aa. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic+ }: s. _4 \2 t
Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms: {$ w4 K2 ?! V- q
most frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily
& g6 w) Z' n, z. z: y+ Q8 x7 tdefined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of1 H$ Y, ~ i( g* e! {$ l
the Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.
+ ~8 {# B' B8 u' nb. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International( ^3 z" o1 w9 F
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
8 ~" w0 r/ k9 N" H) l+ lfollowed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts% `/ ~% B. {3 W
of the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical; D+ o7 Y6 ]% T0 C; @6 |
Information Manual (AIM).- j& {' ^. W* N- Z& ^) X7 i: \0 c
c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.
: ~2 o! {) \1 zEXPLANATION OF CHANGES
9 k# a; X7 _1 e2 T2 s$ pa. Terms Added:% {! z' x6 e+ \% h! s. ` E
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY/ m; x% `0 V0 Z% `5 M; h
b. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant) J9 V" N, K l- }/ \
nature of the changes.
: N) ~) d5 Y7 j$ K# U; ^6 y& vPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08& K! t) G/ q" [; M, G5 I
PCG A-1+ g/ d) e, q7 O$ ?9 O+ W4 w% p; y
A' L2 \! x5 Z4 N) P. e, @% c' u0 Y; }
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)9 W; A: e9 g( K) b! ~# ~
AAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)* B2 ]0 k8 [ h+ ^, I
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An3 G& P4 s X3 z* L) q
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only
3 r Q, |2 I0 t4 @9 tthat information needed for the purpose of ATC. It8 _) U3 H" \! L+ i/ B. C
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight
! s2 Y3 c9 l, s' u& i5 r; xplan information. In certain instances, this may be
; J2 ?* p9 w; R2 {$ Ionly aircraft identification, location, and pilot4 j, M% [# W/ S4 `) D9 C
request. Other information may be requested if( Z) [: ~% |+ l" |
needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is, }4 { K1 q; \# s% }1 e; f% r6 ~* d
frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and
$ q4 Z% _# t3 g. Ndesire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are
" b" L- i) Q+ Q4 @2 D/ non the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.3 V4 F' c1 D% V( U% d. {4 C
(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)
) e4 a( [- `, a" u. B4 k p" s(Refer to AIM.)
2 _8 `% s8 d8 I0 k' P' WABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or- P7 U5 q/ A8 y0 |9 V5 O+ B
object when that fix, point, or object is approximately
/ y. p- S- k$ S2 N; |; i90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.0 G$ }: v0 a1 v9 I! j+ @
Abeam indicates a general position rather than a4 g: h1 N. r' U# J" j
precise point., \& o! A0 J: l& E0 F# [9 I
ABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft
4 C1 Y) A3 H* [% Z3 D5 L; y+ vmaneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff./ o$ ^( Y0 N. f' j5 y# `, f% }
ACC [ICAO]-; }$ I* q. E9 A2 P, |
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)% A% u, ^# U, Q3 @: U* E+ ]
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-
$ v' S4 c; r5 t" hThe runway plus stopway length declared available
# \4 [- H) N& m7 V1 F8 k* l. K0 V( Zand suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of
# G, w4 L- E" v0 D3 }; z8 _an airplane aborting a takeoff.
1 N% n/ S: R; O4 h+ G+ fACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE
& e7 p4 \9 c' a, {* V* x8 m& r! {: I[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus
+ D0 |" ?: Q, r* j5 J" Rthe length of the stopway if provided.
3 Z% T+ P/ ?/ n' T- p, v$ X/ {5 t! ]* eACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)
! V5 n, y; m' U- FACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have, v: h: f& I. P4 r# @
received my message.& r' {: s6 u. e3 ~. b5 e! K0 x
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)+ M6 {8 @1 i9 y
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you7 B3 V( K: n% k
have received and understood this message.
- n/ e' d1 E7 p. @8 r5 x! d# H% W) MACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
2 Y! ^; F0 h% c- C4 Z' vACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING, v0 ` Z8 W. a- k# j
SYSTEM.)
u' a% v& ^9 g* W* }ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)
+ O8 [! u& z1 L: Q0 _3 d. u% GACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver
% q5 t0 w; _" v s- cinvolving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an
$ W9 y1 o* c4 F% c3 ?4 Nabnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not7 f7 w9 T H6 F8 L7 L
necessary for normal flight.6 I9 P. ^' c6 o3 U$ b7 ?! T9 e. {
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
2 P; P- W" [9 \: X6 M8 @(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
: ]# c( v- t7 CACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐
& u9 r. A. Z( y0 D& z- ltionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
" y7 }& ~- H/ K; W. i! H; ~change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an/ x; b# k- _; E$ y$ U7 y
abnormal variation in speed.
3 n. o" r- S) E+ P( p& q" K, s$ S$ [ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY: U- [4 l9 z' a z! D5 f8 y, L
RUNWAY.)/ t! \6 L* a& A9 @" ]
ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-: ~( E+ L) p9 I% n
ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An
7 u6 d: [ }- T4 C- |, bactual time determined at freeze calculated landing
; `( M" {# B8 F8 }" ftime (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for
2 U' M9 r# P: P9 _ R: Tthe adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
4 ]) _" |/ m8 a0 v' @1 grunway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport1 C4 N. a0 N6 Z/ f
arrival delay period, and other metered arrival
; B0 Z6 G$ r, Y$ ?aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival7 J4 _4 k9 f% M @$ j; d0 `
(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated
* r, ?: r. T/ H" G8 S: ~; Hlanding time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft
' w, B* X& g3 S6 i; ^& z5 J3 P Rplus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is
s3 S$ L x4 rlater. This time will not be updated in response to the
3 ^0 ]" ]& h* t" k4 x% V# d: `% xaircraft's progress.
+ J- X, W/ o; k; o& [6 v- cACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
, N) X* }, Z: }8 I T- p7 o(ANP)-
4 O$ w3 I8 O# a# H(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION
/ s0 y L0 j6 {1 bPERFORMANCE.)( i5 X& T, F$ y$ Q5 f; h9 r3 t
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information" Y( s% ^) I% e) N' l9 S
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to3 x5 @' T% O: E) P) N
the following:
" h) F7 I1 G. @; Ca. Traffic advisories.
! l, X( P5 u' n& Vb. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
2 A) o) O$ c' k( x# r% K3 t1 \' caircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed7 P1 v# Z L, E1 ~& k7 g0 R
traffic.
8 s1 c+ j1 D9 X* P/ CPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08# r( ]$ ?2 h' ?3 L3 t( C
PCG A-2
7 `/ @9 o& D8 U6 ~+ T# d/ ic. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or
$ _$ ~% t0 ~2 ^" X0 A+ nmore from an assigned altitude as observed on a
3 Z3 G# z/ F% \6 d6 G7 k. gverified (reading correctly) automatic altitude
0 W# ]5 [% \- z; ]/ g6 z7 ~readout (Mode C).
: n" p5 K, K* T3 k" f' Q7 Jd. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.
2 _. T+ ` k% r Ae. Weather and chaff information.! Z$ ^9 I; R) L$ ?7 g) \
f. Weather assistance.
6 }& v, y" ?$ w; H: t' V4 ]g. Bird activity information.
4 }3 F" T+ R$ t; W2 A9 vh. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐( I! k- Y/ K3 D% l8 B
vices are provided to the extent possible contingent
' I* \& P8 l* y, |& _only upon the controller's capability to fit them into H5 f$ n; U; x7 D+ r
the performance of higher priority duties and on the/ e' X5 S' U, C c. K& D9 F
basis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,) R( q: R/ a3 a/ q
frequency congestion, and controller workload. The
' a5 H- {; t7 q4 `# xcontroller has complete discretion for determining if
B0 [; m( P2 P4 d, r) _0 D7 Xhe/she is able to provide or continue to provide a. R- J4 K. ^# v* G' Q' r8 k/ S" {
service in a particular case. The controller's reason; T, a! e+ l0 {- \3 a4 a
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a; k' }* i8 p3 G* l* b! l
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
& @' u) i( S5 p r/ n# @' a% {( Aand need not be made known to him/her./ G5 l& u- N4 ]% [$ O0 b( o6 Z& N9 T
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)" @1 l+ A. b5 \- P1 p2 u6 E8 H
(Refer to AIM.)( y7 w1 J( `2 G6 `; X* c
ADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)
- g& _! W I9 w! @# F1 oADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
1 c6 E1 F' [, ~/ z: ^ADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)6 e5 e9 S: ?& M. @/ S0 z
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐2 J% @, q& @, n/ j! _- D
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated! z- {3 P5 i! |
his/her authority in the matter concerned.5 b" b2 ~5 J& Z8 e; V9 Q9 P8 r
ADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.), f) _ ~! i5 A5 n+ D! B
ADS [ICAO]-1 P; D* k" `' Z
(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT2 r' G/ z) m% O/ D0 [
SURVEILLANCE.)
" |+ G% L5 p) I% HADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
* I' j5 S6 G' P CSURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)
3 I$ \* E% @7 ?ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT1 q; Y5 X7 ^6 u# I
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)
2 a0 J K* S! E7 X) y6 T! aADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to* G6 v p6 W7 N
do.3 U7 C( b9 R! y$ f
ADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
0 |; D# N. F5 [- w; y) iassist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft+ _& b/ D: j' ?2 ^1 R. R% X
movement.
9 H5 ?* m/ D! B% W+ i(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)1 o7 `2 K7 `: K- Z6 E7 L
ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐
/ }& v* h f- _8 \quency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.; K0 ^7 A' y1 H; i
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
) T, \% v# e4 o9 S. p) q(See UNICOM.)0 L9 N! u* h, L
(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)
2 B! L5 P- Q5 ^ X8 n$ W6 c2 _(Refer to AIM.): l" M$ `9 X$ i/ @3 ]
ADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information* Y& H7 P4 I v8 @2 g* U/ N7 J9 R
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe# x- G4 k: q; v# i% S
conduct of flight and aircraft movement.
1 ^0 L/ T6 y, Y O8 N0 n4 j(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
! ]+ A% {/ S0 t# U" R |) q(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY+ \) g1 H' x0 T9 U
SERVICE.); H2 A; a( s. g% ]
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
" K R. W/ o' P( r(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
0 G! o0 N" f2 A(See SAFETY ALERT.)
+ ^% R. k I- |6 }% i: Z(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
0 F$ \8 L. g" B$ f* |: ?(Refer to AIM.)9 P9 |: ]- O/ s6 Z% Q
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the
6 D$ O2 Y0 ?/ K+ A) g! bmilitary to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another: A7 I6 e5 ~% h& O2 l
during flight.
* n! d$ }8 M5 x. |5 U/ L(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
$ M) C$ H! G: W, S5 }& h8 SAERODROME- A defined area on land or water
$ O+ m3 ~: V- P y$ Q(including any buildings, installations and equip‐
$ D- o1 U7 s4 Ument) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
: w O2 O3 @. W% N+ a% l$ u+ xthe arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.; Z* G( y5 w1 G4 Q
AERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical
! M' | f% X( Xbeacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome
$ K, R4 z' ~& q5 Y' n/ }1 g) lfrom the air.
' G* p3 O+ T- o9 h+ CAERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air
# o1 z4 m$ h/ \traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
+ R$ ~2 Q# |% u1 O; |# iAERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
: X0 a# b7 S4 Vunit established to provide air traffic control service9 Z6 L3 a2 a8 l6 c# U% v) O4 ?
to aerodrome traffic.! H* U! x; D2 S4 l* i
AERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐
& N. F6 ]! z% ?7 W: f( n* ~$ ction of the highest point of the landing area.
. F( t/ D v: U0 T& k! L7 EAERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The" n- E7 e4 U, @1 ]8 z3 n( K6 t4 D, I
specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the
: o3 @* r6 f G# _vicinity of an aerodrome.
, l* ~. S8 c8 C- NAERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID% D3 H8 _- n% H
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
/ v; z/ X: y& [% }, i; Xindicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
4 z' N- j4 f- |' RPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
- i# a* z; F5 L+ @PCG A-3
6 W8 D( b% B2 ?: y3 s7 Z' G) I$ Plandmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in6 t, f7 A" X8 G; }# G
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
: p$ F) _' I4 {4 k: K$ [(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)3 D( ^% n- V4 J' W9 x. b, ~2 k
(Refer to AIM.)
$ O- T) Q! n: oAERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air
; t. r4 `! V- t# Q) k' J$ y( H; jnavigation containing all or part of the following:5 q, B6 D0 d9 E- @7 H- v9 O
topographic features, hazards and obstructions,! {1 c8 [% `* O3 I' H
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
/ z" f5 J% Y) T3 U( m: {3 F+ xairspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical7 i8 f6 V2 Y8 X! W+ [
charts are:, {% y; J# L9 u3 b" T( I6 z+ z
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-
2 N( x* P) _$ mDesigned for visual navigation of slow or medium
& v6 U; B: m. X; h4 ]% e, A2 |speed aircraft. Topographic information on these2 O0 j* t, V) Z) T2 ]
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious
2 _8 t( O# W% o% s- A" v+ Hselection of visual check points for VFR flight.
3 A: Z# ~1 |2 b: {( V& eAeronautical information includes visual and radio2 p) c. w4 \# t. O) S' @. q4 B& V- m; P
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,, _9 h8 v! `" c ?, ?" r- e
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
- D- I8 u5 u+ J, db. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
% \7 R. X+ l% T" M7 U# lDepict Class B airspace which provides for the$ m- G" v- N& g* c- D# S4 n" v
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class5 Z7 p) L3 q$ Q& K' F) @- k
B airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐
* J" C5 Q4 E8 m, M; C" P& ttion and aeronautical information which includes3 v3 r6 f R' `
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports,- f' G) T' N' x' o4 M# x
controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,
! O/ N8 j# q% G; R2 ^. aand related data.7 x; V5 W! R- l' q% }% ?
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
& ^# J+ e: \1 u* E" D(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐
' e" R3 D; t& vtical charts covering land areas of the world at a size" P; u: d2 r- ~9 f: u
and scale convenient for navigation by moderate/ `% D% @& h+ f6 e/ X
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes6 ]& J+ U# ~6 L6 q; d! |8 M
cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐
0 @& G' m! d5 a# G/ G6 [4 itive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical" O0 o( e- z4 W* @* K! B0 p/ `
inform ation includes visual and radio aids to
. s0 I8 P5 b3 |6 X# v2 k2 p3 L( Knavigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,
5 G: W0 C1 D8 e/ {8 L4 Pobstructions, and other pertinent data.
! q$ o4 t6 u; {3 k! l9 }d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
0 h( c! O# f4 _+ R! I4 x& }6 Z! waeronautical information for en route instrument' _# R) t4 @. l3 [! T
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.8 F1 \+ ~9 _$ m4 w6 u
Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits
3 X' [: G$ h+ S5 c$ U5 A! aof controlled airspace, position identification and( {7 I: D/ } c6 k& J5 S" z
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum
3 k" u3 I% c4 g3 F. t% h; `* Q* den route and minimum obstruction clearance
/ H5 N: P$ N9 p1 f- U' W# b8 naltitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐
4 D+ s& [3 s* j$ M) Dstricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are* t$ O6 ]% j- ~( E' z# Q& g4 M
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger
3 @# X3 e# w+ k1 ~& mscale in congested areas.
2 d1 V1 x. S6 Q+ ~e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide! P6 P/ B' |) E; b4 j _7 C
aeronautical information for en route instrument* Q4 r/ u. M8 r+ q5 g
navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.
5 v: e7 \+ Z8 s. m, o( {Information includes the portrayal of jet routes,+ r2 G+ J. i0 O8 G7 Q
identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected- `0 q" e- x& X0 y: E% G) h
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,
0 {! j9 @; q/ O& T; u; ?1 Y7 iand related information., ?; q( P* d7 ]! h, j+ H3 `
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-0 D3 j1 k; M. G2 I; @$ W
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to. C- u9 l3 y. \) q* S' e, d' I' `
execute an instrument approach to an airport. These
5 L8 r" C6 l4 q& I8 H3 vcharts depict the procedures, including all related5 }# ^0 l2 r+ f% s! U' l& m
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is s; `% P8 E/ b
designated for use with a specific type of electronic
* x8 T9 {1 N1 f( J( q; w+ }navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,1 P- C1 J5 a) H0 w* B, y0 ~
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by! |. u4 }# c! g: I, i4 m: b" r( X
the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final. T3 O$ F& Z- ]! n; U
approach guidance.
8 I! L: N& O# p5 M3 eg. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-
6 l4 Z9 m% @( ^8 |Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to
6 o3 @# ^: O% ffacilitate transition between takeoff and en route0 s$ m* z( \, |2 W5 a+ C+ }; R, X5 ]
operations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
- B" Z2 x. h5 Cand may serve a single airport or more than one' h8 E( X8 H4 y& y
airport in a given geographical location.
8 R( C6 I$ M' P5 Nh. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-
. S5 n T: X. |1 {9 [/ BDesigned to expedite air traffic control arrival
8 [7 d# S1 i5 }6 S) Mprocedures and to facilitate transition between en
- @2 S3 s0 r6 t) k8 `* W) `route and instrument approach operations. Each
4 b4 z+ K3 l8 t2 USTAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and, h& Q8 v3 F% | w+ h+ x4 D/ q( l
may serve a single airport or more than one airport in
- f; C4 Y% v$ X+ O2 k& a# Z) R. ka given geographical location.3 l- {2 {: Q0 p8 q
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the" P; c% H* V+ o( @8 x! o1 b0 s& G5 b
efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.& F8 k. Q' m% c1 x/ H
These charts are identified by the official airport
9 W0 e- V& J' I* |# d" yname; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National
" }# L c2 G" GAirport.' t1 ?2 v% i, k' z p: q: e/ }
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
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