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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08* f+ m5 z! \4 U1 E. \ k6 m+ D ]
PCG-1$ X( y3 S; E1 ^$ B }9 G; j4 D2 m
PILOT/CONTROLLER) o& E) z6 `- |6 [7 O: o
GLOSSARY( `# n. T2 X7 ^- {0 A
PURPOSE
; s3 e- {, Y1 ja. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic
. ?" U9 P( E6 f; v& l/ B( p% Y9 kControl system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms) b% L3 U( z4 K1 D: C& E
most frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily
- J" o' G' Y. Mdefined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of
2 W6 D3 f" [- Y) Y8 N1 c L Zthe Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.
4 \( I) ]4 O/ Ob. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International k* ?0 t! V& W( W4 r7 F5 N& S
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are/ f4 n( w& f/ v( m. D0 y" n
followed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
4 K9 X, i' i) x& G" Y8 Vof the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical
6 c5 G- `- k4 K$ w, z3 E+ r0 E% m0 \Information Manual (AIM).8 ?2 j; ]4 y u' F+ K8 N4 t- v
c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.; q/ v1 X3 l v% ^6 I
EXPLANATION OF CHANGES
, }" B; Z' b8 e; [0 R+ p) a) I: \a. Terms Added:
0 U" Z2 r# M8 Q5 R0 o6 n b5 sAUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY @: K! q5 @ \$ O/ M$ A' ]$ s
b. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
6 N; t( _" }. J+ m2 ^, h$ inature of the changes.
U$ ^$ f) D# EPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/081 f c% ^7 b+ v- Q8 w
PCG A-18 w6 J+ }0 m4 G# _! }
A* Z2 J Z# T; h6 G
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.): p& }" z! P; G1 N8 j
AAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)
3 E- ^/ ?& K F: a. w) V- X4 iABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An
5 I3 r) T$ d0 ]% y, Eauthorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only
0 \/ Z/ e b2 g, B/ Q: E. Kthat information needed for the purpose of ATC. It( g7 \3 E ~9 h
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight
1 m% ]/ V( V9 C. cplan information. In certain instances, this may be- J x9 E& b4 A- z, f; N! q
only aircraft identification, location, and pilot
B: ?+ O5 ?8 ^: Mrequest. Other information may be requested if
# H ]) g2 u( Y7 b2 uneeded by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
3 i8 R' s9 c/ Q% l0 }& \frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and# ? W" U) a9 X3 A0 K$ ^" a1 `
desire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are4 z) W! R$ p& k! s7 W% e" L
on the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.
6 @4 H! s1 R9 U7 \$ z5 E(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)
3 H2 M; R7 ~. y. V' X0 z% I(Refer to AIM.)- Q7 G- k: ?) M: y
ABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or* [6 C9 w/ M- u: r u$ k
object when that fix, point, or object is approximately. Q; o7 ^. F, S
90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.4 ~0 a+ x/ n, x( i6 ?( m H
Abeam indicates a general position rather than a
7 i) [# Y+ }$ F/ ~" Z) w. L# A* S# \7 Wprecise point.
4 |1 ?2 P' A9 m" \9 G' }7 V4 OABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft* u! h, _1 T/ o1 T8 f0 D& s
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.
2 W8 ~9 W2 o; V3 b, U! c! TACC [ICAO]-- L& [- v$ h4 i: `
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)7 v6 E. v* T7 x7 C: t6 N1 q4 J$ S
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-
' w! Q' T h( W: bThe runway plus stopway length declared available
o% }- g% ^! m& J/ `8 Yand suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of
4 e5 X3 k" Y. G" R6 y1 tan airplane aborting a takeoff.' J, d4 W& H* E, ]6 a$ a
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE
E d" k V, s: D[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus
2 O" t0 l/ \- @+ athe length of the stopway if provided.* b! F) y0 ?$ R3 E" l X
ACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)
3 M( X, w; u5 L% H7 IACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have& @2 a A: o1 r, S8 n5 q' l
received my message.6 k/ D7 w/ y( I4 c+ T& e" B
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.), L- G7 [6 L9 @9 m+ M; q
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you
0 {% s$ O- L# L. B' Shave received and understood this message.1 U* s m% X1 t/ h- }5 L/ n" t% A
ACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
0 k7 v( ]: B( D( C* nACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING
# ], [" r5 N" ^; p2 N) S8 [SYSTEM.)8 l! K2 Z' E" M9 d6 d% b `
ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)
& T% G7 K9 D# o' F) S: D ]ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver) i0 Y7 a) n! ]2 u# E4 @
involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an
- b6 Y6 l9 m( w6 L0 Y" S- h4 `, q% Uabnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not
* y. m: z% r7 p9 gnecessary for normal flight.9 j, D9 R9 v4 n$ M
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)& K4 n2 F/ T$ }9 u5 h
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
/ X0 h" U) L! p; zACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐6 H% @5 A/ Q |$ W: ] Z: Q
tionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
) ~9 P5 q% `; v) A% \change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an1 r3 S# l/ O& f
abnormal variation in speed.# [* f5 l4 f# G; |2 \, w, l
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY
% Z3 E2 Y9 g, D7 ~RUNWAY.)/ q4 H6 v0 B* w- T9 t. B7 w
ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-
, v4 H, S, T: y/ s: G) w# mACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An
2 A7 Q; [6 _, [1 V2 Factual time determined at freeze calculated landing4 Z% [: I7 P9 x0 _( Z9 {1 S4 I
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for
8 `4 C+ L3 L- [5 H! ^the adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
6 n3 s7 m" j7 e/ `9 ^: nrunway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport
; G$ N! v. L# `6 l+ k5 O8 N+ Yarrival delay period, and other metered arrival9 i4 s7 U9 c" D8 z% |9 a
aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival
* x' N1 h- e# ?% A8 {* H(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated9 U5 _ Q5 F3 D, `; M
landing time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft: N3 c* E1 z$ z/ H8 N, l) `
plus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is0 ^6 c$ g2 I2 k9 M! h6 T0 J T; a. h
later. This time will not be updated in response to the
3 k8 d4 L$ }3 Z* K$ Gaircraft's progress., X% k- p2 A2 Q5 s! B o# ~- Z
ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
! Z; Q4 }! z1 ~5 [4 V3 `0 C(ANP)-1 S* V: K- i& A+ v
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION
% u" l) U0 e' nPERFORMANCE.)0 |0 P; [3 | ?3 K5 i
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information6 A/ u, p$ a/ A7 d1 o
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to5 V+ e t+ V- f8 b" B+ M$ s3 c
the following:
' E+ w: I- X/ X7 g; wa. Traffic advisories./ j1 }7 F1 `' g& o
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist- K6 g; k1 H R/ v# ^/ g
aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
2 ]" C1 Q' h. Q7 c, j4 @0 atraffic.3 E5 z* s$ g8 r
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08+ i) e5 U6 t$ @4 U/ s# b. v+ l
PCG A-2
& ?* o! P) j) N+ g! m8 d. j3 Oc. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or; ?) X1 l# H5 L) e4 V
more from an assigned altitude as observed on a b/ i7 D% D$ O% N8 i+ W" l
verified (reading correctly) automatic altitude3 {0 X$ p: `' w" O% v
readout (Mode C).
O& o$ N" \+ Q8 R3 ad. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.
4 N$ c4 e0 S5 O- H6 ?e. Weather and chaff information.+ Q" k% T! I7 U3 G' b
f. Weather assistance.6 N) R& x P# @$ ?
g. Bird activity information.8 E. ^. B& `7 o. ^ {0 W9 }
h. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐
- n, i" A2 m" J# Nvices are provided to the extent possible contingent% f1 U+ |" K. Q; D
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into
3 l" T3 [6 m4 t# C4 Pthe performance of higher priority duties and on the
6 |8 @; J5 i+ S) K8 n+ U# j3 v8 Vbasis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
, q* u% U$ k6 w$ B6 afrequency congestion, and controller workload. The+ O4 h8 e$ u( w. {! F% A
controller has complete discretion for determining if& V* H) Q- W# [5 P; a& i
he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
2 k) T4 m; M9 o. }& D8 Qservice in a particular case. The controller's reason7 i7 A) t$ W" m) E" l! ]
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a- c- d5 Y/ F( k9 u: a1 i
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
' ?8 {# e8 S7 Nand need not be made known to him/her.: m( _ N% l) `7 Q. Q( W$ s
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)1 X% u, I. q! y& @
(Refer to AIM.)
3 _3 `9 S8 d: Q% X$ \( UADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)
% f8 b# W' p! v2 J0 s& L3 O3 l" sADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
1 e4 f3 W1 q# NADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)
2 \$ B" I; L! n2 v$ A4 pADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐) k* E, k$ W5 \
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated
, i7 l) h; [0 E" f- T! H( `his/her authority in the matter concerned.
7 T! k+ U) s" HADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.) x0 \2 ~& u/ w. ^& B
ADS [ICAO]-* Y5 c7 U4 I3 @6 q" q0 Y
(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT2 f3 }6 [) h0 U" x0 @
SURVEILLANCE.); [. e( m V* @ _& S) W
ADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT0 @1 U/ ~3 m0 R& M: k) e
SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)
8 C6 R6 d# D, z' l3 t; r: zADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
& w- W/ ~" S9 o$ h1 U8 p5 x) }SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.) Z$ l9 F4 f) t5 D
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to9 z5 g0 `) s8 u0 K
do.# U! P( l* e# i+ w; D W
ADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
}7 P4 L1 ^5 @assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
5 X$ p- k( n8 ?) J$ mmovement.
0 b( Q# B+ B4 ] Z4 _(See ADVISORY SERVICE.). E4 L6 n$ i! I- U
ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐
( f `" ]3 c& c) y' {$ O& q mquency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.
) ^5 b; h( c+ i$ E& ^# ]/ n4 r7 t) _(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
F' n: B) S, d- ^6 A: d; w(See UNICOM.)' H) ~, y$ j; s1 U/ ?# h8 X) l
(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)9 y. K2 ?5 L- x2 d
(Refer to AIM.) S. ~; E; V+ t. V/ i, J
ADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information3 |/ [; ?7 G0 E- v6 }+ ]
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe
5 m% g- l. O# s, p7 S Zconduct of flight and aircraft movement.
% d" f- W& l* \ @! [$ U. K(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)$ |, A2 D, o( G8 `/ c
(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY3 n+ Z3 m" n% V% h0 @3 q
SERVICE.)' l- X m0 x) A9 u# h0 }1 L+ y1 e- J
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.): W$ x9 k7 g2 [4 y% L
(See RADAR ADVISORY.), `- q/ J4 z0 A' \
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
" a1 V2 j, E8 u9 ]4 D(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.): F1 Y- f( t) c( S2 n
(Refer to AIM.)0 t$ s8 q& q: G9 A" R1 M1 `
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the% j: q, f% {& H* D
military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another# i' v, n: I1 o$ U0 n
during flight.
" j: ~) d& N9 v0 j1 W/ w7 ?(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)9 f, y$ [6 o) k2 {. r; W0 Y' e
AERODROME- A defined area on land or water
9 c4 }3 u' m& A6 ?7 e(including any buildings, installations and equip‐
4 Z e ^6 ]" }1 ?" i' Zment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
" k6 {/ q5 i4 I3 m* ythe arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
6 ^! C" Q* c) l1 Q! B( GAERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical
! d/ S4 {. G* j% Z( s4 m+ ibeacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome! a4 j5 L: U4 r6 G
from the air.
# C4 G2 q! g$ q& [8 oAERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air, y. Q, @' Z7 p
traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.& T) i" M# h% k# n
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
- k% O D# M' i" F: J( }/ ?6 @unit established to provide air traffic control service( ~1 w( N- N' L1 a& l& N
to aerodrome traffic.7 t, w8 s1 x' k1 C5 w' }
AERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐. A" S3 L5 F" d; r0 q
tion of the highest point of the landing area.8 I2 x6 @0 b3 ~% K; }
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The
. X' G# l* k, c/ G( tspecified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the
; R, ~3 _; n$ g$ q2 u$ V5 B" T0 Gvicinity of an aerodrome.( S: ?! v6 p" u1 ]) B$ M6 `" X
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID- ^7 w7 n1 e8 [! M
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to) Q5 r' s# G1 ~9 u/ ]$ R1 j
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a8 ^) I' G' Q1 o) M, |% Q
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
( N' U! i8 }" u1 U: e2 |PCG A-37 ?. T: c+ b/ }- r6 `; M
landmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in2 ?0 @! {- W: `: l
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.* a: [8 i8 O) G% F1 }4 M
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
, |0 o, U( x8 J' I" M7 q(Refer to AIM.)- @/ x P2 m$ A+ s
AERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air9 m* P! u6 T, d
navigation containing all or part of the following:* H6 M: d+ U+ R/ R8 m9 s
topographic features, hazards and obstructions,( K/ R2 P3 D, l1 [( v; c+ s
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated" @# B4 J" Z# b
airspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical/ [7 \2 B8 r/ {) l n
charts are:; b5 H9 H: Q; F' k, k
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-5 l3 T- F( }& U5 O9 K7 w) n& S
Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium. V8 [9 F5 l, Z
speed aircraft. Topographic information on these' H# b3 E5 F4 l; c' v/ ]
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious- g A( Z' o, F; H- P
selection of visual check points for VFR flight.
; N% C! [2 X* O# y+ r) x. l8 P% ?& ~Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
& Y: g5 T# @3 p9 W4 t& daids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,
/ ~$ D' i0 x- h: {" w! F) H, _restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
+ V6 j* Q0 A( r' ~" y1 \/ U* h8 Mb. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)- F3 n Q- g) ?5 m, H1 O
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the
* A& C$ \' P% o6 l# I% Q' o' scontrol or segregation of all the aircraft within Class
! b% H3 |7 R) J& ^9 ^9 R3 e& V4 wB airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐3 k! b% g4 s$ ^1 y0 x
tion and aeronautical information which includes6 x8 s# z% @' ?
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports,
( d4 o/ y+ K% M" u8 j$ n+ \controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,+ T) I) ]$ D0 m3 U1 A
and related data.9 T( k | E& s/ y, ~
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
0 a- R+ g% V% s5 g9 I2 T. o, C(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐$ B% H& U) k1 r( U: F+ H
tical charts covering land areas of the world at a size
; y6 B/ w S* U" c! L$ p: [and scale convenient for navigation by moderate0 F$ H; b" s/ u
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes
0 E2 ~: Y* b( R; Vcities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐8 @4 a+ o) S2 O4 c0 c
tive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical5 L' f* K% ?4 k2 Y& x+ h
inform ation includes visual and radio aids to
" W# ?/ r* N) Znavigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,) M6 s( Y3 V! p$ d
obstructions, and other pertinent data. k) O; R! w" R- s# [% i! G
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide* V$ i/ A0 e6 O) X2 |/ Q: |4 h
aeronautical information for en route instrument
! ]- w. O6 K) wnavigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.
0 q4 b+ K8 e% _: t% |3 e' hInformation includes the portrayal of airways, limits6 z4 ~; s' k/ K( \
of controlled airspace, position identification and
" r- ? H, G$ _3 E/ Z. }9 I5 J. ifrequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum9 G% t9 L3 A6 p( M% f
en route and minimum obstruction clearance/ [& d4 h) f) y* ]/ H# o4 J4 M
altitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐5 |, f- H6 E; O# L
stricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are
7 ]9 A \6 X Z. Ja part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger5 c1 S2 {+ a: n* {! z! X( O; o
scale in congested areas." z- p# @5 n; B' @
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
+ O; Y3 t X! T l T) n, haeronautical information for en route instrument8 r& W3 Z% [/ d2 ?0 S
navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.
: m6 G @: h: E8 m. CInformation includes the portrayal of jet routes, Q- G- f! j8 O+ R
identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected5 _5 {% U- {/ h1 @
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,
6 i! e( M) E: l: |and related information.
; J1 {6 S5 g Q% @f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-2 c! y, V" d% g1 k
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to h _, o* X7 q9 N1 ~( S
execute an instrument approach to an airport. These+ ?9 A/ U' ], i2 k2 a* {
charts depict the procedures, including all related
) M; ~$ ~) f* A/ @5 p0 ^+ Rdata, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is
9 u3 z* x9 I' ]7 U5 h jdesignated for use with a specific type of electronic2 E, ]/ ]$ w" w6 j8 a2 M0 @3 n8 d
navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,& d) b$ ?" [6 B, ~* q" Z6 [) F
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by! `4 X/ J0 j N4 f8 T
the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final
$ E/ G4 S. ^) ]) a' `approach guidance.
- c% J. ]8 G8 q- l0 A; l$ V6 Fg. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-
5 `8 K a2 ]) P$ rDesigned to expedite clearance delivery and to
0 t; N- q: ?- ]facilitate transition between takeoff and en route
; \% |, @; w4 a4 Boperations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
2 l2 r- v7 [2 ?& ^. W2 X9 @) n' Tand may serve a single airport or more than one
' D* V& P$ R; c' d e. v1 W3 k& Iairport in a given geographical location.
; x* ?7 w& K: d. R4 F7 i8 ]h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-' D" j, c% f4 f
Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival
r4 Z* @2 y" d/ aprocedures and to facilitate transition between en
" u% v3 d1 Z3 ?( D8 A7 Z, Zroute and instrument approach operations. Each6 v' s" F5 {2 V/ g O8 M' X" q
STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and
9 E& P2 G! D9 c2 Q0 @) cmay serve a single airport or more than one airport in
8 w" o1 G' A/ n- da given geographical location.2 P9 z! }: c6 Y& {
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the
/ X4 d9 H# u `; |; [1 @/ Cefficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.6 z3 H( Z5 |* b" ^7 F% w1 C
These charts are identified by the official airport3 a6 K& u. Y, t# ~6 Y* J2 [
name; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National
# f6 ]% ^$ {6 F& y! AAirport.! s# ?, z" H3 q0 Y/ }( z
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
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