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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08
2 L% ]. \$ A, c- _9 q5 NPCG-1
1 s4 T* \8 [# H: M1 ~PILOT/CONTROLLER
0 h4 W7 W' B) X n: g" }6 RGLOSSARY+ A" g! _% {$ o$ L+ X- V
PURPOSE
' K% r3 j" U# I, g: F1 `a. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic, W Q# R8 c: h- S
Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms
7 e0 K: J0 E0 i. T* m$ e6 imost frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily) Z P2 ]; e* W# H1 C; q
defined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of
+ n6 c w& Y" k7 y4 hthe Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.$ [( t* u. l0 P, K5 K
b. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International
. S( X3 `* F ^: |+ N4 F8 qCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
! R) l& ~$ B( ] V Ffollowed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
W" X. f# v& B% v7 ?/ {& |of the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical8 u% [" a6 l$ v5 h( n) M- j
Information Manual (AIM).% r8 z4 z x& q3 Q! h" ]
c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.
1 _9 N }- a7 c4 V1 Z( Q) NEXPLANATION OF CHANGES& V+ e) C- P' t8 e; b
a. Terms Added:3 I# e; u' e T* K7 F9 _
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY
' P9 x1 N" f$ V9 G+ S/ Z0 z- ab. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant; s, e: S, ]5 S( w3 H- {
nature of the changes.
. N6 L; I5 x7 q. LPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
# s3 q4 a* ]" Q: Z% hPCG A-1
0 O! l, q3 U {8 c# ]A
: ?; ?2 Z$ {. q7 S* L' hAAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
' i [8 e3 a0 ?1 T# |AAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)% x4 `) k8 L% D/ ^
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An
# ?* h- F+ i/ o2 H6 T# [authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only
! L; M2 N* \+ f1 t$ Nthat information needed for the purpose of ATC. It' Y x( ?/ N0 D1 e
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight
6 J4 l9 j- b2 V' r$ Oplan information. In certain instances, this may be7 V/ c7 ~; I- \0 Q1 j( \
only aircraft identification, location, and pilot$ x% m: |+ L/ ^1 \0 z4 x5 n1 c
request. Other information may be requested if* ^4 G$ G+ I0 _6 [* ]( _' b
needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is' j/ ?$ N: ]. w5 W+ {# Y# d& Z
frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and
$ R+ w1 B1 S/ V* k: T- R0 U0 cdesire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are7 p" a# J1 a9 w
on the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.6 n5 R: [+ F4 O1 g
(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)5 _& x# f! q' [5 p" v( F- k2 G
(Refer to AIM.)
" B4 D% \) ]" Q4 V& F3 k8 EABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or
L1 g! u% C! S) b- c* eobject when that fix, point, or object is approximately
& G$ F! w6 p, R2 l( c' O90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
: R- U3 O% y8 d8 b& i! UAbeam indicates a general position rather than a$ V" V {7 b% u8 _9 o0 v- B
precise point.. V; S; M1 \/ d# l7 b( _! w
ABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft- H2 s( Q$ }0 @
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.. q2 p, p% C$ o6 |3 p$ |( l! a
ACC [ICAO]-& X7 M8 Z5 g4 @* v4 Q9 O3 V& n+ f
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)2 U4 ~' O) V+ O' {9 N/ O* A
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-
" U# z3 O' @% c7 g- xThe runway plus stopway length declared available% y5 ~& h2 ]# B X0 A' m% p2 M
and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of* H. G3 h2 Y4 N
an airplane aborting a takeoff.
4 e( L( w$ z- h3 d6 h$ }ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE; a8 p& ?/ h4 T* e I
[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus1 f0 v: }: E: q
the length of the stopway if provided.+ [$ e+ p& Z5 `9 {/ G9 n
ACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)+ [' d& o6 R4 n0 y: b1 n
ACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have
- H, A9 Z8 B5 L8 Y$ m$ n) `* r0 mreceived my message.# @5 b% |+ `* q" ?" h$ `1 Y
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
% \; Z( R3 S/ O- I( F3 H& YACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you
' t3 T6 T! z7 ?! g; t. Qhave received and understood this message.; T( `. b7 o$ g
ACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
; B) ^8 w G/ {; L: CACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING
+ a; Q, \2 e& W6 K; w: W. @% Q& QSYSTEM.)
7 j* _& j) R+ `( I( k! {# Z, [ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)( c! H# K2 A/ m! ?# U
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver8 w( d: i2 P& N5 v; f! Q8 ~8 o
involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an( x) ?, m [2 g& T. @5 P
abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not% n X- I" b* z% T6 G8 \3 |6 w! b
necessary for normal flight.+ z* B, S: E* w1 @, L
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
3 c! v. |* h0 u% G; r$ g(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
- n) N$ z2 H5 X* A2 mACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐. @. v6 b5 K. c) d& \+ W1 M( n: r
tionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
5 W }. z( y- Z$ Echange in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an% s& Q- [3 W' u( w3 z
abnormal variation in speed.9 S( t- W2 I2 {1 r0 X3 M6 t, P8 o
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY
% B" H$ ^+ M n# |RUNWAY.)# |( b2 H2 t6 G: u
ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME- Q5 P, S/ r1 O q
ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An% V2 b8 P' {( W2 F8 B5 B
actual time determined at freeze calculated landing
1 r' l( F( q* F$ ?time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for
# \0 ?- ?: {$ qthe adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
0 [- P3 e6 T* z- w! y9 u5 mrunway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport
, ]% ?9 \6 V( L4 Aarrival delay period, and other metered arrival
4 t. r' l3 [# ?! iaircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival6 M; V" ?# x7 i- B$ V
(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated
% L" E q3 T- P! Slanding time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft
2 P" C( P0 G4 j( T7 Gplus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is
6 x7 Q5 B4 q& y, i7 olater. This time will not be updated in response to the( k2 _: k: d4 X, j5 c/ }
aircraft's progress.
* N( V' S- N5 O. U! gACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE2 g, w6 n1 A3 M" O. H: G
(ANP)-# s' _2 H: `0 N- n
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION6 a# J4 Z. u5 k U, B2 t
PERFORMANCE.)1 x" x. a r* e! p/ k. M
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information- v$ L: ]$ T, q: b
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to
% b G) q/ X* d; Bthe following:
+ h9 s/ d0 h9 D# I, J/ La. Traffic advisories.
$ n& q8 X- q* R+ Hb. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
5 J. x4 W+ n5 r) z, e8 h1 Caircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed, e0 ~! [+ \5 M0 r3 A; [
traffic.' \. R' K9 u' A$ T. r
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08. h: G: `% N! p! V* S
PCG A-2
' {, I' ?# i4 A4 X" b; Zc. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or* d6 v! I$ [1 r! W5 U7 w
more from an assigned altitude as observed on a
9 g7 z) d ~ q4 \% s1 _verified (reading correctly) automatic altitude) l8 D a) B6 w- |3 `+ U6 T8 s& z
readout (Mode C).4 X. g) ~) h2 G; u
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.
" ]4 x( V# L2 ?$ V2 B$ me. Weather and chaff information.9 g& q) T8 h3 v3 {
f. Weather assistance.
8 S* r& t; `3 Z* I4 j1 Z* qg. Bird activity information.
. G3 h( |2 b1 d( O& |* L7 h7 ih. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐
, P1 U* o5 `# C% R' Z$ L1 Qvices are provided to the extent possible contingent7 L( a+ P$ ?' R% E% H
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into
% \/ x- a% n* x& `% n* nthe performance of higher priority duties and on the
7 i2 U: m5 i' T( \' `" [) c4 obasis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
6 ^; z2 x) ?0 Cfrequency congestion, and controller workload. The! U0 u0 i2 B+ G5 H: u2 p
controller has complete discretion for determining if4 W8 k0 b- g% ?) Y
he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
- \' n# \& v; U: T& @" J$ Vservice in a particular case. The controller's reason
& q( L1 ]6 `' n8 |7 fnot to provide or continue to provide a service in a2 m/ o [4 a1 u/ \( p1 ^( [
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
$ U0 @, |3 H/ n' ]% E6 Oand need not be made known to him/her.
* D! f6 J) M v4 i: Z" a(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
' {8 [4 \+ p$ }! p8 ~) ?/ _(Refer to AIM.)
6 U! w% R2 ~8 X! v# QADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)! K3 [( D3 V* U& ^. R5 P
ADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
* j& }/ b4 ]- |1 HADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)% _( b' } I" M
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐4 }6 R( y& n9 A* K! a5 M% y/ u
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated
! W+ \0 V7 X0 i% ^6 C+ N7 _7 Rhis/her authority in the matter concerned.
; Z! v' P! Y( K4 dADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
& y: {' G2 u$ `* O- e( G3 fADS [ICAO]-
. m3 _2 F9 o" H9 \6 E( }(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
2 E- c4 v/ P, u: USURVEILLANCE.)
+ k& q u, l+ f6 t' W, [1 M5 wADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
7 {/ e& L+ i( E! q/ ZSURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)1 {) [0 q3 S# a( J
ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT' G) }$ o/ C# [) Q8 j
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)
$ b5 P6 Z8 c: M0 }* }" o" HADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to
& n# h) i w( V9 j) ddo.
* h5 V# m; A; X( bADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
9 \6 u$ q6 i) W8 ^0 W6 Tassist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
7 y4 \( P$ Y Mmovement.
( `. ]# d' G2 b7 f(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)0 K0 h; n. e. j v1 w( g
ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐* g6 z: | l `; ]
quency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.# @: [4 Q" U# J+ g; Y1 p- j
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
8 ], T9 w. r4 V(See UNICOM.)
* z$ y4 l `/ e& g) F5 f6 x(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)# ?) J* r# M5 W: \( T
(Refer to AIM.)
: b5 L5 @4 j0 n# ^+ aADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information' a: k4 w7 ?# M0 {
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe0 N, h$ i) y0 M) _" ^, s, {, w
conduct of flight and aircraft movement.; j3 R( @0 j. e! L% F
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)/ ^1 J1 D) A* K9 l
(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY: o6 {5 E1 b0 S
SERVICE.)
4 e) a8 v# z, R( m3 p7 }) ]1 Y(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)! \! H2 z. t. B2 k5 Q
(See RADAR ADVISORY.): Q4 ]' p, F8 x% S1 u7 Z: O- _
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
( S F5 Z" Q7 w9 ?(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)/ w# D! @, k' Q
(Refer to AIM.)8 l5 o/ Y0 w# T) ^' C
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the
3 B9 `+ Q @9 d* Hmilitary to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another/ Q/ s7 [; r& A/ g# H4 N
during flight.
" x. c0 a! _. {: m1 j# b" ?(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)9 |- x+ s4 l ]0 t2 g3 L
AERODROME- A defined area on land or water
8 R! p" o* e+ `9 N0 @. Z) x(including any buildings, installations and equip‐7 M) {4 h& D2 l! {; v
ment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
: S- ? B( M7 S) \: Xthe arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.# ^3 ^2 X4 Y$ i, x- ~
AERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical
7 C5 c7 P9 s& ~beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome% ?& G- H/ L) V$ d! c3 `
from the air.
( g4 v+ s0 }7 h2 FAERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air
5 \9 \3 G/ c. a$ v2 R, B+ g. otraffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
' }; Q+ t: j$ r! {2 @AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
- |0 f% V+ w8 Uunit established to provide air traffic control service
, M+ [$ E& P1 @ S5 @8 b3 f7 uto aerodrome traffic.
7 P( s2 u" b5 B/ E# p9 MAERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐
$ T- \$ v: R8 ?8 M P' V% ition of the highest point of the landing area.
2 ~! ^- }1 l0 p" l& UAERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The: U6 D# G. f5 n6 d/ E5 P6 e
specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the! ~! H, T- h! d. M- d6 E+ @& m$ P' \
vicinity of an aerodrome.2 U" Z- e* \9 q2 m8 q5 ^1 x
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID
, n o8 C( M- k8 y0 E/ r3 @( Kdisplaying flashes of white and/or colored light to* c$ A. c1 A& A
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
! s6 o2 W- N0 f4 {% I6 CPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
* T0 v# V J) |- E: @PCG A-3% q( O/ Z+ \2 t* a7 G; w) _
landmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in* T6 u/ l6 q! a6 Q V
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
* Q) i) j7 t- o* ]: m& T(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
# K5 i s' M. _2 k! g( @(Refer to AIM.)
5 K# X0 ]! b& O! n% x1 N7 ?# _2 E0 xAERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air9 ~9 E. `: n* k" O6 ?' ]' Z+ E
navigation containing all or part of the following:
5 B) {* O+ N, j6 z( m! \topographic features, hazards and obstructions, _+ G2 |1 b' i8 s& ^
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
8 u$ ?1 r: @3 c5 o1 wairspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical% j$ m2 e+ K) i/ A4 i2 Q! }
charts are:
* P! h, d: m( b! z7 W+ wa. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-
0 I$ {3 k$ v0 ~+ R, e" lDesigned for visual navigation of slow or medium
" [$ I) b( F/ z) jspeed aircraft. Topographic information on these
' A/ ~ m% m% r2 e1 Y( v0 Ycharts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious
8 W5 h$ O5 `. I3 E0 Iselection of visual check points for VFR flight.6 S. X2 u5 w7 J( @$ F% H
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio( o, t0 n) k+ s. j
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,( l6 _# x) C, L/ I3 t7 C
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
# Q& u$ l7 }% a2 _% ~b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
9 K: i. k* q# y% K' e( EDepict Class B airspace which provides for the/ Q- D. @3 M6 `$ d1 c
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class- ^ B0 u. U' ^7 ^; ?- T3 Y
B airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐; L; l* F5 B1 q
tion and aeronautical information which includes. q2 t s- A6 A; D
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, }: t: K* T- I' {3 Y0 U5 B7 \' g9 L
controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,2 @+ O1 r8 l6 E" w1 l3 |
and related data./ |' ]; V. h+ p9 q3 G. y) h
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
' ]" _9 ?9 ?. d(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐
7 `/ `) F) x- ?tical charts covering land areas of the world at a size0 w r0 |1 l& t8 {( G1 ?
and scale convenient for navigation by moderate8 E2 [1 r/ ]4 G* I# }/ y5 }! O
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes# R$ H6 k. k& p3 l; b2 e& w E
cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐
G+ ]4 `! n" itive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical
! u- a7 O! W% z' ]0 u6 rinform ation includes visual and radio aids to
! w; S: x5 l5 Z P* u( Q; X( e/ Inavigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,4 v' N7 E+ G: }7 N
obstructions, and other pertinent data.7 z# y+ S5 p& {9 b. O; P. W! H& k3 K$ G
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide4 B# Z, _; B$ j v% _# G2 M
aeronautical information for en route instrument# y% j# V+ _3 B- S* L
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.
- {1 }0 g, V3 fInformation includes the portrayal of airways, limits
; ~5 {; H$ Z+ j( C. Aof controlled airspace, position identification and
1 j3 u6 `. K `. k& dfrequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum, A( ], g9 @# u7 ~( |, b
en route and minimum obstruction clearance5 E# A( C1 ^' c% o
altitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐
+ L0 o. L: {, vstricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are, L. M2 N( M c: l" L
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger
# H8 S: z3 y8 Y. q4 \! y4 qscale in congested areas.
) K* d. N/ h, X. {& b0 @e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
6 _ @1 v f( K! h3 laeronautical information for en route instrument
7 v, c0 A, ^9 `' m2 Vnavigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.) |5 P0 K: A6 W
Information includes the portrayal of jet routes,( M1 V2 a# B, \0 w
identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected3 Z1 f% j8 p, q2 w% Q6 H
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,. G7 p7 {$ s( {3 J8 y/ t/ U
and related information.
# y, Q/ ~ y% H' K+ [2 _4 x% kf. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts- G$ F5 d) z4 B. q5 r1 w
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to/ X4 C7 r1 v4 v8 p% ]: E
execute an instrument approach to an airport. These
' V3 |+ K3 v3 Y8 s1 D' F9 g; z! Wcharts depict the procedures, including all related
# n& W1 r$ T; U) k( g, _data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is
& X# |$ Z8 T' I' u7 Ndesignated for use with a specific type of electronic
1 k! o; @7 I# l' a" X& vnavigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,
+ z. U9 U+ _' k: w# Y8 H7 M. uILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by
. ~& c8 V1 E0 i% Y1 q' {, ~the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final6 [! p5 z" w& |/ g( @4 n# h T
approach guidance.
1 m) V0 _* H- A2 P" b9 X cg. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-
$ k; ~ q2 c; J0 ], D$ eDesigned to expedite clearance delivery and to o# s& n% A' F! L: E" ?
facilitate transition between takeoff and en route( a; s3 x6 D6 B3 v5 s6 L# e9 r
operations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
6 y' n. h8 ^, r! B) Aand may serve a single airport or more than one
/ Z3 t, y J& o) Yairport in a given geographical location.
) ~2 C8 I. c% v. g: X3 l7 B( Th. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-
0 k7 u% r7 L& u v) a( }Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival
! I" i/ q- ]* z8 _8 s5 N+ ~; cprocedures and to facilitate transition between en
' p! O* T3 L8 j8 `4 ?# F+ kroute and instrument approach operations. Each8 p7 i& k3 ?/ \8 b' T
STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and
( B0 n7 R) x+ D; \! i* n4 cmay serve a single airport or more than one airport in
; v3 |) d$ G/ T1 M) G) Y9 Y0 ha given geographical location.9 y8 n( M7 _5 O1 ~& x
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the
- S. J" s* ` L1 defficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.( `1 v6 S6 |. ^) P5 M+ o2 I$ `; i
These charts are identified by the official airport
! m" b2 K7 @4 n" {name; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National: m: q% o u# q
Airport.* w1 X% x" X: [& M' H, Z9 V+ G
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
|