McDONNELL-DOUGLAS MD-11 OPERATING MANUAL麦道11操作手册

航空

游客，如果您要查看本帖隐藏内容请回复

航空

DELTA VIRTUAL AIRLINES
McDONNELL-DOUGLAS MD-11
OPERATING MANUAL
THIRD EDITION
FEBRUARY 10th, 2005
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aircraft History ..........................................................................................................1
Turbofan Engines Arrive .........................................................................................2
The MD-11 Takes Off.................................................................................................3
Performance Improvements....................................................................................5
Boeing Buys McDonnell-Douglas in 1997 .................................................................5
Delta says goodbye to the MD-11 ...........................................................................5
Aircraft Specifications.................................................................................................6
Recommended Equipment..........................................................................................7
Fuel Loading..............................................................................................................8
Alain Capt's McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Panel ............................................................10
Overhead Panel ...................................................................................................10
Mode Control Panel ..............................................................................................11
Forward Panel......................................................................................................12
Radios And Throttle Quadrant...............................................................................13
Delta Virtual Airlines Standard Operating Procedures .................................................14
Before Start .........................................................................................................14
Cleared for Start ..................................................................................................14
After Start ...........................................................................................................14
Before Takeoff .....................................................................................................15
Cleared for Takeoff ..............................................................................................15
After Takeoff .......................................................................................................15
Descent Approach................................................................................................15
Landing ...............................................................................................................16
Vacating ..............................................................................................................16
Shutdown............................................................................................................16
Secured...............................................................................................................17
Notes from the Chief Pilot ........................................................................................18
Acknowledgements and Legal Stuff...........................................................................19
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 1
AIRCRAFT HISTORY
The MD-11’s history began in 1968, the year the Apollo space program was getting
under way towards the moon, the Vietnam war was raging and hippies were doing
anything they could to scandalize the country. The DC-10, a large three engine turbofan
wide body aircraft, intended for medium- to long-range flights, entered production at
the Douglas plant in Long Beach, California. First deliveries began in 1971 and continued
until 1989. Capable of carrying from 250 to 380 passengers and a flight crew of three,
(two pilots and a flight engineer) a total of 386 commercial DC-10 aircraft were
delivered to 71 airline and carrier companies along with 60 KC-10 tanker /cargo models
built for the United States Air Force.
About the Douglas Aircraft Company - Founded in 1920 by Donald W. Douglas,
the Douglas Aircraft Company built more than 45,000 aircraft including the
classic DC-3 twin-engine piston transport (which served as the C-47 during World
War II) and the larger DC-6 and DC-7 four engine piston transports. In the years
following the war, Douglas was the leading American maker of commercial
aircraft. Responding to the arrival of the Boeing 707 in the 1950s, Douglas
developed the DC-8 - a successful four-engine transport capable of carrying up
to 220 people, which is still in use today.
During the mid-1960s, Douglas encountered financial challenges that led to its
merger with the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis in 1967 while the
DC-10 was still in the design stage. Douglas was the commercial component of
that venture, while McDonnell focused more on military aircraft and helicopters
(most famously the F-4 Phantom fighter). Merged, the two companies became
known as McDonnell-Douglas Aircraft Corporation. This entity survived for over
thirty years, until its merger with Boeing in 1997.
The DC-10 went through six models – the initial version, the Series 10, was designed for
high-capacity domestic routes of up to 3,330 nm. The Series 15 was designed for “hot
and high” operations, while the Series 20 (which only flew in prototype form) was
designed for long-range operations. The Series 30 and 40 aircraft were the true longrange
workhorses, with lengthened wings, an additional centre landing gear and range
of up to 5,000 nm in the Series 40.
(From Jane’s Civil
Aircraft)
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 2
TURBOFAN ENGINES ARRIVE
The 11,000 lbs of thrust produced by each of the four Pratt & Whitney JT3C waterinjected
turbojet engines on the early DC-8s and 707s helped launch the passenger jet
age. However, these engines had some significant drawbacks – low thrust, excessive
noise and large quantities of smoke (especially with water injection!)
Turbofan engines solved these problems by adding an additional “fan” in front of the
engine core to blow cooler air around the core. This added thrust, and greatly decreased
the amount of noise generated at high power levels. Initial turbofan jet engines included
the P&W JT3D, at 18,000 lbs thrust, which powered the 707-320 and DC-8 Series 50/60
and the Rolls-Royce Conway, installed on the DC-8 Series 40 and 707-436. However, the
huge wide-bodied aircraft of the late 1960s needed something with even more thrust.
For the DC-10 Series 10, the General Electric CF6-6 was developed, with a single engine
generating 40,000 lbs (or the equivalent of all four JT3Cs on a 707-120!), or 120,000 lbs
total. The Series 20 was designed around the Pratt & Whitney JT9D 45,000 lb turbofan,
the same engine that powered the 747 and early 767 models. As with most other
airlines, later versions had more powerful engines. The Series 30 used the 51,000 lb GE
CF6-50, and the Series 40 was powered by the JT9D, rated at 53,000 lbs.
In closing, the descendants of the CF6 deserve mention. GE and SNECMA moteurs of
France later jointly developed the CFM56, a high bypass turbofan engine. These 18,500
to 34,000 lbs thrust engines were initially designed for the United States Air Force’s KC-
135 tanker re-engine program, replacing JT3C and JT3D engines. They were used in a
similar fashion in the “Series 70” of the DC-8, and as original equipment on modern
aircraft such as the Boeing 737 (300 series onwards), Airbus A319/A320/A321, as well
as the original A340-200.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 3
THE MD-11 TAKES OFF
As McDonnell-Douglas went into the design study of Series 50 and then the Series 60
DC-10, they eventually decided to launch a much more advanced aircraft based on the
DC-10. The DC-10-60 eventually became known as the MD-100, the MD-XXX and finally
the MD-11.
The MD-11 program was launched on December 30th, 1986, with the first delivery to
Finnair taking place on December 7th, 1990. It brought a lot of improvements over the
DC-10, including the following:
􀂃 A stretched fuselage (6.68 meters longer, approximately 20 feet)
􀂃 Longer wing
􀂃 Winglets for better stability
􀂃 Refined airfoils on wing and tail plane
􀂃 More powerful engines
􀂃 Strong composite parts on flaps, etc.
􀂃 First all digital glass cockpit in a commercial aircraft
􀂃 Two member flight crew, instead of three
􀂃 Larger fuel capacity, 2,000 gal more
􀂃 Longer range, up to 8,225 nm in ER version
􀂃 First complete ‘fly-by-wire’ flight capabilities
􀂃 Option of Propulsion Controlled Aircraft PCA
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 4
The new MD-11 was large enough to fly up to 410 passengers, making it a serious
competitor to the Boeing 747/777, and the Airbus A330/A340, the world’s largest
commercial aircraft. The MD-11 is the largest wide body tri-jet ever built, and quite
possibly the last one, since subsequent large aircraft designs have used either two or
four engines.
The advanced, fully computerized, six-cathode ray tube display digital flight deck, also
called the “glass cockpit”, was now used to take over most of the flight engineers job.
Monitoring engine performance, it has wind shear detection & guidance devices, dual
flight management systems to conserve fuel and dual autopilots with fail operational
capability. With these improvements, the flight crew is now reduced to the Captain and
First Officer. The MD-11 was the first commercial aircraft to truly “fly – by – wire” from
takeoff to landing (United States to Germany) without a pilot’s hands on the controls.
Another notable improvement was the concept of a Propulsion Controlled Aircraft, or
PCA. Developed by NASA and tested on an MD-11 in 1995, this revolutionary system
allowed the safe landing of the aircraft with the hydraulics switched off. PCA uses the
aircraft’s autopilot together with programming in the flight control computers, and
operates the aircraft solely by increasing or decreasing engine thrust. Increasing thrust
in all engines allows the plane to climb, decreasing allows descent, and alternating
thrust in left or right engines independently, allows for turns. If a plane has a major
mishap, losing its hydraulics for flaps, ailerons, rudder, or elevators, it can still
potentially make a safe landing. This is not as far-fetched as it may seem, as one two
separate occasions disabled DC-10 aircraft were landed based on manual control of
engine thrust alone, most famously in Sioux City, Iowa in 1989. Unfortunately, it is
expensive, and no MD-11 customer asked for its planes to be retrofitted with the PCA
system.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 5
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS
Pilots who love a career flying challenge are in love with the MD-11. Carriers think a lot
of the MD-11, too. Lufthansa Cargo said the MD-11F (freighter version) is the most
economical and environmentally friendly airplane on the market. It requires 25% less
fuel per ton/kilometer than the Boeing 747-200F, and has much lower emission rates. It
is a quiet jet, with noise levels well below the strictest sound emission regulations. The
enlarged hatch and semi-automatic loading system get high marks, making it possible to
load and unload cargo faster. The plane soon became popular with freight carriers.
The MD-11 temporarily suffered a setback when discovered it did not meet advertised
payload/range specifications. These problems were solved when McDonnell-Douglas
enacted a performance improvement program (PIP) in order to reduce drag, weight,
and fuel consumption. PIP was very successful, with performance improved by 8%, and
fuel burn improvements were up, by up to 3%. However by the time the program was
completed, the MD-11 was facing competition from comparable long-range airliners,
such as the Boeing 777. Because of the additional cost of maintaining and operating a
third engine, customers started to lean towards the 777.
BOEING BUYS MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS IN 1997
After Boeing purchased McDonnell-Douglas in 1997, production on the MD-11 was
halted three years later. It was predicted by McDonnell-Douglas that well over 300 units
would be built, when 195 total units actually were. Subsequently, it sold to 22 carriers.
Federal Express purchased the most with 31 freighter versions, Delta Air Lines tied for
second place with Varig, each having 15, and Swissair bought 14. Japan Airlines and
KLM also bought 10. Many serve on long trans-oceanic routes.
DELTA SAYS GOODBYE TO THE MD-11
Wednesday, January the 1st 2004 was a sad day for many of us. This was the last day
an MD-11 would wear the Delta colors on a scheduled flight. N807DE wearing the OC
scheme landed at Atlanta from Narita, it was received with honor by the Atlanta
Hartsfield Fire Fighters unit, spraying gallons of water over his shinny fuselage.
After that many Delta MD-11´s where translated to the dessert awaiting a new
exploiter. Luckily some of them where recently bought by FedEx (Federal Express).
Although these planes wont wear the Delta scheme again we are happy to know they
are going to continue flying. We will see them with a different scheme but we will know
they once flew for Delta.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 6
AIRCRAFT SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE MD-11P MD-11F MD-11CF MD-11 Combi
LENGTH 202”
WINGSPAN 169’ 10”
WING AREA 3,648 ft2
HEIGHT 57’ 11”
EMPTY WEIGHT 291,600 lb
MAX. WEIGHT 602,500 -
630,500 lbs 630,500 lbs 602,500 - 630,500
lbs
STD. SEATING 285 - 410 None 350 - 410 181 - 214
MAX. RANGE 7,630 - 8,225
nm 4,450 nm 4,450 7,620
nm 6,495 nm
ENGINE TYPE PW4460, PW4462 or GE CF6-80C2
TOTAL THRUST 180,000, 186,000, 184,000 lbs
FUEL CAPACITY 38,615 gal
LOWER CARGO 6,850 ft3 935 ft3
MAIN CARGO None 15,530 ft3 14,508 ft3 3,590 ft3
CEILING 45,000 feet MSL (FL450)
CRUISE SPEED Typical FL310: Mach .74 (280 KIAS), FL360: Mach .87 (286 KIAS)
MAX RANGE FL310: Mach .72, FL360: Mach .86
TAKEOFF SPEED (460,000 lbs gross weight) V1=134 KIAS, Vr=150 KIAS, V2=163 KIAS
MD-11P=Passenger MD-11F=Freighter
MD-11CF=Convertible Freighter=P or F MD-11 Combi=P+F
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 7
RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT
Delta Virtual Airlines provides 32-bit Windows aircraft fleet installer utilities for its
aircraft, as part of its Fleet Library. The MD-11 Fleet Installer contains the International
Flightsim Design Group (IFDG) MD-11 in a variety of Delta, Alitalia and Korean Air Lines
liveries, along with an MD-11 created by Alain Capt.
These aircraft models and panels are available from the Delta Virtual Airlines Fleet
Library, as well as the popular flight simulation web sites http://www.flightsim.com and
http://www.avsim.com/.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 8
FUEL LOADING
Delta Virtual Airlines’ MD-11 has five fuel tanks, left aux, left, center, right, and right
aux. Both the left and right aux tanks have a capacity of 49,574 lbs of fuel. Both left and
right tanks have a capacity of 40,853 Lbs. The center tank holds 77,041 Lbs, for a total
of 257,895 Lbs of fuel. With a full load of fuel the MD-11 is capable of flying over 8,000
nautical miles. One gallon of Jet A fuel weighs approximately 6.70 lbs.
􀂃 Range: 7,200 NM
􀂃 Fuel Burn Rate Factor: 31.6 lbs/NM
􀂃 Fuel Base Amount: 40,000 lbs
􀂃 Fuel Loading Formula: (Fuel Base Amount + (Distance * Fuel Burn
Factor)) Calculation of this formula gives you the correct amount of fuel for
your trip.
􀂃 As an example, for a 2000 nautical mile flight leg the Fuel Loading Formula
would be (40,000 lbs + (2000NM x 31.6)) = 103,200 lbs. Please note that
this does not take into account the 45 minute reserve required; approximately
15,000 lbs.
􀂃 To load fuel into your aircraft, select Aircraft, then Fuel and place the correct
fuel amounts in the correct tanks.
Look at three typical flight examples:
􀂃 KMCO (Orlando, Florida) to KATL (Atlanta, Georgia) 450 nm would require
approximately 54,000 lbs of fuel.
􀂃 KATL to EGLW (London-Gatwick, United Kingdom) (NAT route) 4,000 nm would
require approximately 166,000 lbs of fuel.
􀂃 KLAX (Los Angeles, California) to NRT (Tokyo-Narita, Japan) (PACOT route)
5,200 nm would require approximately 204,000 lbs of fuel.
Captains ordering fuel for Delta Virtual Airlines flights should remember that more fuel
equates into more drag, requiring more power. An unnecessary overabundance of fuel
will only cost the company money. Fuel should be kept as close to the trip fuel required
as possible. With that said, it is always the pilot's responsibility to ensure that
there is enough legal fuel for the flight. Any incident that was the result of miscalculating
the fuel load will always be the fault and sole responsibility of that flights
captain and crew. When in doubt, take more.
Delta Virtual Airlines aircraft shall always carry a minimum fuel load for the trip to the
destination, and at least 60 min reserve in cruise at low altitude (Fuel Base amount) plus
a 45 min reserve for diversion to the designated alternate landing site.
Any trip estimations that you see in this manual are for calm winds and standard outside
air temperatures. Deviation from standard winds or temperatures will result in different
actual performance for your aircraft. When flying over long bodies of water, remember
that in the event of pressurization problem or an engine failure that requires descent to
14,000 feet MSL for passenger comfort, the fuel burn for the aircraft will increase
significantly and may leave you short of your initial destination. Plan accordingly!
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 9
TIP: This equation doesn’t consider wind. This is of special importance when crossing
the ocean. If you fly Atlanta-Gatwick with the fuel indicated by the equation you will
reach destination with enough fuel to fly to your alternate. By contrast, flying Gatwick –
Atlanta, you will be having strong head winds, and this equation will surely leave you
short on fuel. This is a quick way to crosscheck the fuel quantity. At cruise, the average
fuel consumption of the iFDG MD-11 is 2,800 Kg/h per engine. This is approximately
6,200lbs. The total average is 18,600 Lbs/h. Now you should go to the timetable and
check the estimated flying time and multiply the hours by 18,600. That leaves you with
a rough estimate for you flight. The following procedure should only be done when
flying long flights with strong head winds.
Example:
Frankfurt to Atlanta. Approximately 10 hours. 4053 miles.
The equation: (40,000 + (4053 * 31.6)) = 168,075 lbs.
Now, we multiply our average fuel consumption by the timetable flight length.
18,600 * 10 = 186,000 lbs
In this situation you can see that there is a big difference between the values, if you
would have loaded the fuel given by the first equation, you may have been short. Other
than this situation the equation works fine, the problem is when you have a long flight
with strong head winds. These winds will make your fuel consumption increase greatly.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 10
ALAIN CAPT'S MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS MD-11 PANEL
OVERHEAD PANEL
1. Pushback Selector
2. Engine Ignition A
3. Engine Ignition B
4. External Power
5. Battery Switch
6. APU Switch
7. Air Cond selector
8. Air Cond on/off switch
9. Engine 1 Anti-Ice
10. Engine 2 Anti-Ice
11. Engine 3 Anti-Ice
12. Wing Anti-Ice
13. Tail Anti-Ice
14. Pitot Heat
15. Seat Belts Selector
16. Strobe Lights
17. Landing Lights
18. Taxi Lights
19. No Smoking Selector
20. Yaw-Damper
21. Left Runway Turnoff Light
22. Right Runway Turnoff Light
23. Navigation Lights
24. Logo Lights
25. Beacon Lights
26. Hi Intensity Lights
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 11
MODE CONTROL PANEL
1. Panel Flood Light Switch
2. Altimeter Setting Knob (Push for
Standard 29.92)
3. Decision Height Setting Knob
4. GPS Toggle
5. Kneeboard Toggle
6. Flight Director
7. EHSI Mode Selector (NAV1, NAV2)
8. ADF EHSI Selector
9. Decrease NAV1 Course
10. Decrease NAV2 Course
11. Increase NAV1 Course
12. Increase NAV2 Course
13. Speed Selector Knob*
14. Auto-Throttle Switch
15. IAS Mode Select
16. Mach Mode Select
17. Heading Selector Knob*
18. Heading Mode Select
19. NAV Mode Select
20. Approach Mode Select
21. Autopilot Master Switch
22. Altitude Selector Knob*
23. Altitude Mode Select
24. Wing Leveler Mode Select
25. Back Course Mode Select
26. Vertical Speed Selector Wheel
27. Overhead Toggle Switch
28. CRT 3 Toggle Switch
29. CRT 4 Toggle Switch
30. Throttle Quadrant Toggle Switch
31. Start/Stop Crew Function
32. Increase Simulation Rate
33. Decrease Simulation Rate
34. Skip/Reset Crew Function
ITEMS WITH (*): These Knobs operate a different mode depending on left/right mouse click.
Airspeed Selector Knob: Left click will engage the Hold Current IAS mode (will hold your
current Airspeed, doesn’t matter if you have got any speed selected in the window), right click
will engage the Maintain Selected IAS mode.
Heading Selector Knob: Left click will engage the Hold Current Heading mode, right click will
engage the Maintain Selected Heading mode.
Altitude Selector Knob: Left click will engage the Hold Current Altitude mode, right click will
engage the Maintai3n Selected Altitude mode.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 12
FORWARD PANEL
CRT 1: EADI (Electronic Attitude Direction Indicator)
CRT 2: EHSI (Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator)
CRT 3: Primary Engine Display. Toggles with Fuel Status Page
CRT 4: Secondary Engine Display. Toggles with Configuration Page
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 13
RADIOS AND THROTTLE QUADRANT
1. Weight Page
2. On/Off Switch
3. NAV1 Ident. Switch
4. COM2, COM1 Toggle
5. NAV2 Ident. Switch
6. On/Off Switch
7. NDB Ident. Switch
1. Engine Start Switches 2. Engine Fuel Cutoff Switches
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 14
DELTA VIRTUAL AIRLINES STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
These procedures are designed so that today's crews can work together effectively and
safely as well as allowing some standardization of procedures for the company. By
standardizing procedures the company can budget flights better financially as flights will
always be the same or at least somewhat similar.
For the crews, this means that the company can schedule pilots together that have
never flown together before and still maintain a safe operation. For Delta Virtual Airlines,
these procedures are for the benefit of the pilots using this manual. By flying using
these procedures pilots will be able to make better use of the manual and also operate
the aircraft in a similar fashion company wide.
NOTE: In any circumstance where company procedure conflicts with manufacturer’s
recommended operation, company procedure will take precedence unless a safety factor
is involved. Discretion is the responsibility of the Captain.
The following procedures are intended for use with the Alain Capt panel found in the
Delta Virtual Airlines McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 fleet installer.
BEFORE START
􀂃 Battery – ON
􀂃 EICAS, EHSI, EADI, radios Power Switches – ON
􀂃 Auxiliary Power Unit – ON
􀂃 Air Cond (APU ON) – ON
􀂃 Seat Belt & No Smoking Signs – ON
􀂃 Yaw Damper – ON
􀂃 Navigation & Logo Lights – ON
􀂃 Set Frequencies and Courses as required for Departure
􀂃 Flight Director – ON
􀂃 Autopilot – Set & Disengaged (*)
􀂃 Instruments – Sync & Cross Checked
CLEARED FOR START
􀂃 Air Cond – OFF
􀂃 Beacon & Hi Int Lights – ON
􀂃 Engine Ignition A or B
􀂃 Engine Start Switch – ON
􀂃 Start Levers – ON
AFTER START
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 15
􀂃 Engine Ignition – OFF
􀂃 APU – OFF
􀂃 Air Conditioning – ON
􀂃 Anti-Ice – As Required
􀂃 Pitot Heat – ON
􀂃 Taxi Lights – ON
BEFORE TAKEOFF
􀂃 Flight Controls – Checked
􀂃 Auto Throttle – ON
􀂃 Flaps – Set
􀂃 Stabilizer Trim – _____Units Set
􀂃 Take Off Briefing – Reviewed
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF
􀂃 Engine Ignition A & B – ON
􀂃 Strobe & Take Off Lights – ON
􀂃 Runway Turnoff – ON
AFTER TAKEOFF
􀂃 Engine Ignition – OFF
􀂃 Flaps – UP
􀂃 Gear – UP
􀂃 Taxi Lights – OFF
--10,000 Ft—
􀂃 Landing & Logo Lights – OFF
􀂃 Seat Belt Sign – OFF
--CRUISE—
􀂃 Runway Turnoff Light – OFF
DESCENT APPROACH
􀂃 Seat Belt Sign – ON
􀂃 Runway Turnoff – ON
􀂃 Approach Briefing – Reviewed
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 16
--10,000 Ft--
􀂃 Landing & Logo Lights – ON
􀂃 Altimeters – Set
LANDING
􀂃 Engine Ignition A & B – ON
􀂃 Flaps – ___, Set
􀂃 Gear – Down, 4 Green
􀂃 Speedbrake – Armed
VACATING
􀂃 Engine Ignition A & B – OFF
􀂃 APU – ON
􀂃 Landing & Strobe Lights – ON
􀂃 Taxi Light – ON
􀂃 Flaps – UP
􀂃 Speedbrake – Down Detent
SHUTDOWN
􀂃 Parking Brake – Set
􀂃 APU – ON
􀂃 Start Levers – Cut Off
􀂃 Seat Belt Sign – OFF
􀂃 Anti-Ice – OFF
􀂃 Pitot Heat – OFF
􀂃 Beacon & Hi Int Lights – OFF
􀂃 Runway Turnoff – OFF
􀂃 Flight Director – OFF
􀂃 Flaps – UP, no Lights
􀂃 Speedbrake – Down Detent
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 17
SECURED
􀂃 Logo & Navigation Lights – OFF
􀂃 Air Conditioning – OFF
􀂃 EICAS, EHSI, EADI, Radios – OFF
􀂃 APU – OFF
􀂃 Battery – OFF
When taxiing with the MD-11 keep in mind that the nose wheel is way behind your eye’s
position, this means that if you want to make a 90º turn and turn so as to keep the
yellow line below your head, it’s possible that your main gear wheels end up in the
grass. To prevent this, wait until the yellow line is behind your head reference point to
start the turn. For steep turns in the ground don’t exceed 10 knots.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 18
NOTES FROM THE CHIEF PILOT
If you have flown a few large planes on flight simulator, you have probably flown some
of the Boeing jets. If you want to step up the challenge to your piloting skills, then the
MD-11 will do. Real world pilots who fly the MD-11 say it is a big satisfaction to fly it and
land it properly. It is said to be an unforgiving plane compared to some other
commercial aircraft, and there is little time to recover on a bad landing. Do the same
maneuvers you did with the other aircraft, like turn too hard an angle, too much flap on
approach, or forget you have speed brakes on full as you enter a turn, and the MD-11
will start to fall. It does not quite “float” like the 747 or 777. It takes off fast, lands fast
and stalls more easily.
Weight onboard, mainly how much fuel you have loaded, makes a big difference in the
way the plane climbs, turns, and handles on takeoff (and landing too – if you are
carrying a lot of weight on landing). The difference between empty weight and
maximum weight can be more than 300,000 lbs – more than the aircraft’s own weight.
Simulator aircraft designers tend also to increase the weight already in the Flight
Simulator aircraft.cfg file, in order to simulate a big load of passengers and luggage. Use
your judgment, the flap and speed specs for takeoff and landing are guides, not rules.
Runway length for takeoffs and landings can differ greatly depending on aircraft weight.
Suggested runway length for takeoff with a full fuel load is 12,000 feet, but near empty
weight you can use an 8,000-foot runway. Takeoff and landing speeds can vary as much
as 25 knots or more, depending on weight and weather / wind conditions.
McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 Operating Manual
Page 19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND LEGAL STUFF
􀂃 Delta Virtual Airlines is not in anyway affiliated with Delta Air Lines or any of its
subsidiaries. We are a non-profit, non-commercial organization catering to the
Flight Simulation community. The real Delta Air Lines web site is located at
http://www.delta.com/.
􀂃 Revisions of this manual may have been made since its publishing. Please check
Delta Virtual Airlines’ web site at http://www.deltava.org/ for the most up to date
version.
􀂃 This document is copyright 2003, 2004 by Larry Hart and Pablo Fraga. The
author grants rights to Delta Virtual Airlines for electronic distribution and
modification of this document.
􀂃 This manual is designed for use by Delta Virtual Airlines as reference material for
flight simulator pilots operating the McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 aircraft. There is
no guarantee of the accuracy of this information. This is a reference for the
virtual flying world and is not to be used for real world aviation.
􀂃 The information in this manual has been gathered from Internet resources and
from test flying the aircraft in Microsoft Flight Simulator 2002 Professional and
Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 on Microsoft Windows XP Professional. This
manual makes no claim to represent Boeing, McDonnell-Douglas, Pratt &
Whitney, General Electric, Microsoft, Delta Air Lines, Lufthansa, or any other
party involved.
􀂃 This manual is freeware and is not to be included with any 'for sale' product.

整儿巴经

回复一下~

xheleon

非常感谢楼主发布！！！！

f214216709

大飞机呀  谢谢

frederickxf

谢谢楼主分享~~~

qlxiao

感谢楼主分享！

maodun

想看，咋能看到？

茹文文

感谢！！！！！！！！

hehe1019

感谢楼主分享