标准(1)Standards (1)

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许多现有的商业、工业和政府标准或规定有助于设计工程师选择塑料管道系统。塑料管道规格说明中最常用到标准是ASTM标准。这些标准也常用作现存其他标准的基础。下面所列是工业塑料管道应用最广泛的一些标准。 　　Many commercial, industrial, and governmental standards or specifications are available to assist the design engineer in specifying plastic piping systems. Standards most frequently referenced in plastic piping specifications are ASTM Standards. These standards also often form the bases of other standards in existence. Below is a list and description of those standards most typically applied to industrial plastic piping. ASTM标准D-1784 (美国试验材料协会) ASTM Standard D-1784 (American Society for Testing and Materials) 　　这个标准涵盖用于制造塑料管道、阀门和连接件的PVC和CPVC材质部件。它提供了按照基本的物理和化学性能选择和鉴别部件的方法。要符合这个标准下的特殊材料分类，需要满足一系列最低物理和化学性能要求。 　　This standard covers PVC and CPVC compounds used in the manufacture of plastic pipe, valves, and fittings. It provides a means for selecting and identifying compounds on the basis of a number of physical and chemical criteria. Conformance to a particular material classification in this standard requires meeting a number of minimum physical and chemical properties. ASTM标准D4101 (以前是D-2146) ASTM Standard D4101 (formerly was D-2146) 　　这个标准涵盖用于注模和挤压成形的PP (聚丙烯)塑料材料的聚合体含量和物理性能。 　　This standard covers the polymeric content and physical characteristics of PP (polypropylene) plastic materials for injection molding and extrusion. ASTM标准D-3222 ASTM Standard D-3222 　　这个标准涵盖用于模铸和挤压的PVDF (聚偏二氟乙烯)氟塑料材料的聚合作用方法和物理性能。 　　This standard covers the polymerization method and physical properties of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) fluoroplastic materials for molding and extrusion. ASTM标准D-1785和F-441 ASTM Standards D-1785 and F-441 　　这些标准涵盖目录40、80和120的PVC (D-1785)和CPVC (F-441)压力管道的定义和质量等方面。这些标准的主要内容是尺寸要求，最小爆裂和持续压力要求，最大工作压力，以及确定管道工艺和材料质量的检测程序。 　　These standards cover the definition and quality aspects of Schedule 40, 80, and 120 PVC (D-1785) and CPVC (F-441) pressure pipe. Outlined in these standards are dimensional requirements, minimum burst and sustained pressure requirements, maximum operating pressure, and test procedures for determining pipe quality with respect to workmanship and materials. ASTM标准D-2466 ASTM Standard D-2466 　　这个标准涵盖目录40的PVC螺纹和承插压力连接件。这个标准规定螺纹和承插规格说明，以及最小长度，壁厚，爆裂压力，材料分类，质量，以及标记标识要求等。 　　This standard covers Schedule 40 PVC threaded and socket pressure fittings. The standard stipulates thread and socket specifications as well as minimum lengths, wall thicknesses, burst pressures, material classification, quality, and requirements for marking identification. ASTM标准D-2464和F-437 ASTM Standards D-2464 and F-437 　　直到最近，这些标准涵盖PVC (D-2464)和CPVC (F-437)目录80螺纹压力连接件。螺纹尺寸规格说明，最小壁厚和爆裂压力，材料分类，以及规定的标记标识的要求等。但是，目录80螺纹连接件的要求现在已经作为目录80承插类型压力连接件的相关标准，只是删除与螺纹相关的标准。 　　Until recently, these standards covered PVC (D-2464) and CPVC (F-437) Schedule 80 threaded pressure fitting. Thread dimensional specifications, minimum wall thickness and burst pressure, material classification, and requirements for marking identification were stipulated. However, the requirements for Schedule 80 threaded fittings have now been rolled into the respective standards for Schedule 80 Socket Type Pressure Fittings, and the threaded-only standards will be deleted. ASTM标准D-2467和F-439 ASTM Standards D-2467 and F-439 　　这些标准现在涵盖目录PVC (D-2467)和CPVC (F-439)承插类型，以及螺纹压力连接件。它们以前仅仅涵盖承插类型连接件。尺寸，螺纹规，最小壁厚和爆裂压力，材料分类，各种质量要求和所规定的标记和标识要求等。 　　These standards now cover Schedule PVC (D-2467) and CPVC (F-439) Socket Type, as well as Threaded Pressure Fittings. They formerly covered only Socket Type fittings. Dimensions, thread gaging, minimum wall thickness and burst pressure, material classification, various quality aspects and requirements for marking identification are stipulated. ASTM标准F-1970 ASTM Standard F-1970 　　这种规定涵盖用于PVC或CPVC系统的特殊工程连接件或附属部件。法兰，管接头，以及阀门不包括在其它特别引用的ASTM规定范围内。确定了关于监测、材料、尺寸、标记和工厂内质量控制的最小要求。 　　This specification covers special engineered fittings or appurtenances for use in PVC or CPVC systems. Flanges, unions, and valves not included in the scope of other ASTM specifications are specifically referenced. Minimum requirements are identified for testing, materials, dimensions, marking, and in-plant quality control. ASTM标准F-1498 ASTM Standard F-1498 　　这个规定采用《通用美国管道螺纹规格》ASME B1.20.1中关于塑料管道和连接件机加工或模铸螺纹的锥管螺纹的规定。这个标准涵盖塑料美国锥管螺纹(NPT)的尺寸和计量方法，用于泄漏密封连接，现在已在所有有关塑料管道产品的ASTM标准中引用。 　　This specification adapts the General Purpose American Pipe Thread Specification, ASME B1.20.1, to taper pipe threads for use on plastic pipe and fittings with machined or molded threads. The standard covers dimensions and gaging of plastic tapered National Pipe Threads (NPT) for leak-tight joints, and it is now referenced in all ASTM Standards for plastic piping products. ASTM标准D-2855 ASTM Standard D-2855 　　这个标准描述了采用溶剂粘结方法进行PVC管道和连接件连接的程序。 　　This standard describes the procedure for making joints with PVC pipe and fittings by means of solvent cementing. ASTM标准D-2657 ASTM Standard D-2657 　　这个标准涵盖采用承插热熔和对焊热熔方法对聚烯烃材料管道和连接件进行热连接的程序。 　　This standard covers the procedures for the heat joining of pipe and fittings made from polyolefin materials utilizing either the socket or butt fusion methods. ASTM标准F-656 ASTM Standard F-656 　　这个标准涵盖采用液状粘固剂进行底漆连接的要求，适用于PVC管道和连接件连接化学熔化。 　　This standard covers the requirements for primers to be used in conjunction with solvent cement for the chemical fusion of PVC pipe and fitting joints.

ASTM标准D-2564和F-493 ASTM Standards D-2564 and F-493 　　这些标准陈述适用于PVC (D-2564)和CPVC (F-493)液状粘固剂的要求。这个规定定义了所使用的树脂化合物，规定了最小树脂含量，溶液粘度，以及物理性能质量。 　　These standards set forth requirements for PVC (D-2564) and CPVC (F-493) Solvent Cement. The specification identifies the resin compound to be used and stipulates minimum resin content, solution viscosities, and physical performance qualities. ASTM标准D-1599 ASTM Standard D-1599 　　这个标准涵盖热塑塑料管道、管材和连接件，在特定温度、时间和负载环境方式下，建立短期液压破裂压力测试的方法。这些测试技术通常用于质量管理。 　　This standard covers the test method for establishing the short-term hydraulic failure pressure of thermoplastic pipe, tubing, and fittings under specific temperature, time, and method of loading conditions. These test techniques are normally used for quality control. ASTM标准D-2837 ASTM Standard D-2837 　　这个标准描述了获得流体静力设计应力(最大工作强度)的步骤，用于任何实际温度下的任何热塑塑料管道材料。这是通过评估长期应力断裂关系数据，按照ASTM D-1598进行测试，在这种材料制成的管道上来完成的。它也规定了数学分析和数据处理的方法。 　　This standard describes the procedure for obtaining the Hydrostatic Design Stress (maximum working strength) for any thermoplastic pipe material at any practical temperature. This is accomplished by evaluating long-term stress rupture data, tested in conformance with ASTM D-1598, on pipe made from the material. It also specifies the methods for mathematical analysis and treatment of the data. 　　除了ASTM以外，其它有关组织也颁布一些规定，通常适用于工业热塑塑料管道设计。这些规定中最重要的部分描述如下。 　　Organizations other than ASTM issue standards that are commonly encountered in industrial thermoplastic piping design. The most important of these are described below. ASTM B1.20.1 (以前是美国标准协会B2.1) (美国机械工程师协会) ASME B1.20.1 (formerly American Standards Association B2.1) (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) 　　这个规定细化了锥管螺纹的尺寸测量和计量方法。原先是从金属连接件发展来，但是现在也在ASTM标准中引用，适用于上述引用的塑料连接件。请参阅第32页，了解引用的细节。 　　This specification details the dimensions and gaging methods for tapered pipe threads. It was originally developed for metallic joints, but it is now also referenced in the ASTM standard for plastic fittings cited above. See page 32 for excerpted details. ASME B16.5 ASME B16.5 　　这个规定设置了对于150磅钢法兰和法兰连接件的尺寸要求。用于美国制造的塑料法兰上所采用的螺栓孔模式和外径尺寸。请参阅第32页，了解有关细节。 　　This specification sets forth the dimensional requirements for 150# steel flanges and flanged fittings. The bolt hole pattern and outside diameter dimensions were adopted for plastic flanges manufactured in the U.S.A. See page 32 for pertinent details. ANSI / NSF标准14 (美国国家标准学会 / 美国国家卫生基础国际组织) ANSI/NSF STANDARD 14 (American National Standards Institute/National Sanitation Foundation International) 　　这个标准确定了塑料管道部件和关联材料的最低物理和性能要求。提供了材料、成分、制品、质量保证、标记和记录保管的定义和要求。由NSF测试和认证的产品，除了那些按照政策可以免除的以外，必须附带NSF认证的可以确定计划用途的标记。这个NSF认证的标记，用在塑料管道部件经过“标准14”的认证，包括：饮用水(NSF-pw), 腐蚀性污水(NSF-cw)，管道连排污水(NSFtubular)，和排水、废水和排气(NSF-dwv)。“NSF-pw”标记表示“标准14”的证书，适用于高性能和卫生产品(ANSI / NSF 61)。 　　This standard establishes minimum physical and performance requirements for plastic piping components and associated materials. It provides definitions and requirements for materials, ingredients, products, quality assurance, marking, and record keeping. Products that are tested and certified by NSF, except those specifically exempted by policy, must bear an NSF listing mark which identifies the intended application. The NSF listing marks for plastic piping components certified under Standard 14 include: potable water (NSF-pw), corrosive waste (NSF-cw), tubular continuous waste (NSFtubular), and drain, waste & vent (NSF-dwv). The “NSF-pw” mark denotes certification to Standard 14 for both performance and health effects (ANSI/NSF 61). ANSI / NSF标准 61 ANSI/NSF Standard 61 　　这个标准是在建立对于在这些系统中，由于产品、部件和材料中的化学污染物和不纯度直接污染饮用水系统，而产生的有害健康的潜在影响进行控制的最小要求发展而来。目的在于用这个标准涵盖可能接触饮用水、或对饮用水进行化学处理的材料或产品进行规定。这种产品和材料包括，但是不仅限于，处理介质(碳，砂等)，保护材料(液状粘固剂，焊接材料，垫圈等)，管道和相关产品(管道，罐，连接件等)，以及机械管道设施(水龙头，终点控制阀门等)。为了表示符合这个标准，制造商必须允许由ANSI认可的监测实验室的第三方认证。Chemtrol产品已经通过NSF国际的检测认证。产品经过认证符合ANSI / NSF 61标准要求，可以在产品及包装上标记“NSF-61”或“NSF-pw”。 　　This standard was developed to establish minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse health effects from chemical contaminants and impurities that are indirectly imparted to drinking water systems from products, components, and materials used in these systems. It is intended that this standard cover specific materials or products that come into contact with drinking water, treatment chemicals for drinking water, or both. The products and materials covered include, but are not limited to: process media (carbon, sand, etc.), protective materials (coatings, linings, liners, etc.), joining and sealing materials (solvent cements, welding materials, gaskets, etc.), pipes and related products (pipes, tanks, fittings, etc.), mechanical devices used in treatment/transmission/distribution systems (valves, chlorinators, separation membranes, etc.), and mechanical plumbing devices (faucets, endpoint control valves, etc.). To show compliance to this standard, a manufacturer must allow third-party certification by an ANSI-recognized testing laboratory. Chemtrol products have been tested by NSF International. Products that have been approved to the requirements of ANSI/NSF 61 display the “NSF-61” or “NSF-pw” mark on the product, packaging, or both.

不要将本样本中的测试数据用在压缩空气或其它气体上。如果需要关于专用于压缩空气和其它气体的抗龟裂热塑塑料管道系统请参阅Chemtrol Chem-Aire®产品样本。 Do not use or test the products in this catalog with compressed air or other gases. See Chemtrol Chem-Aire® literature for information about shatter-resistant thermoplastic piping systems specifically designed for compressed air and other gases.