RNP RNAV A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT

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ACCURACY INTEGRITY
CONTINUITY AVAILABILITY
RNP
RNP RNAV
A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT
RNP is based on the navigation performance accuracy
required of the population of aircraft using the airspace
•State responsible for RNP airspace must define the
requirements and ensure that adequate CNS services
are available within the airspace to provide safe separation
•Aircraft must be approved by State of Registry as being
able to meet the RNP
ICAO RNP Concept (Airspace)
Estimated Position
True Position
Path Definition Error
Path Steering Error
Position Estimation Error
Desired Path
Defined Path
TotalSystem Error
Aviation RNP RNAV Concept Na
RNP RNAV is referenced to the aircraft Defined Path
ICAO RNP is referenced to the airspace Desired Path
Desired
Path
RNP 95%
RNP
RNAV
Path
ICAO
Actual
Path
Desired
Path
RNP 95%
RNP
Defined
Path
Containment Limit 99.999%
Containment Limit
SC-181/
WG-13
Actual
Path
RNP capability 99.99%
(Containment Continuity)
Referenced to aircraft &
defined path
RNP 95%
RNP
Containment Limit 99.999%
Containment Limit
Referenced to defined path,
based upon position estimation
error, path definition error and
flight technical error, detected
and undetected faults
2 x RNP
Defined
Path
Aviation RNP RNAV Concept
Path Definition Errors must still be considered
Path Terminators
Aviation RNP RNAV Concept
Associated Path Definition Errors
Earth
Model
Magnetic
Variation
Coordinate
Resolution
Radius
Resolution
Course
Resolution
Direct to a Fix (DF)
POPP PLMX
Track to a Fix (TF)
PLMX
POPP
Fix to an Altitude (FA)
Course to a Fix (CF)
PLMX
Constant Radius
to a Fix (RF)
PLMX
Holding (HX)
POPP
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
737
747
757/767
777
737
747
757/767
777
LNAV with Autopilot
Engaged
LNAV with Flight
Director
Manual Control with
Map Display
Example of Flight Technical Error Components
Enroute Terminal/Approach
* * * *
* Industry standard
values.
RNP Capable Aircraft

En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP 1 En-route Navigation
4 NM Primary Area
2 NM Secondary Area
Fix Tolerance Area = RNP Value Semi-Width = 2xRNP+2 NM = 4 NM
Total Width = 4xRNP+4 NM = 8 NM
RNP = 1.0 NM
RNP RNAV System Containment = 1 NM
2 NM Secondary Area
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP En-route Obstacle Clearance - Fly-by Turn
ATT(=RNP)
c
E
E1
E2
A
A/2
Wind Spiral
s
Constant width
(A/W) associated
with RNP value
30°
s = start of nominal turn
r = radius of turn
c = 10 sec (en-route pilot reaction time)
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
s
P
J
O
Y
I
Y/2
RNP + 1 NM
RNP + 1 NM
r = Os = 15 NM at/below FL190
= 22.5 NM at/above FL200
x = RNP
LK = 1.414 (RNP+1 NM)
OK = r + LK
K
L
M
R
Controlled Turn
System Functional Performance - Minimum Requirements
Function B-RNAV P-RNAV RNP5
RNAV
RNP 1
RNAV
95% containment 5 NM 1 NM 5 NM 1 NM
System integrity
(per Flight Hour)
- - 10-5 10-5
Continuity of Function
(failure per flight Hour)2 10-4 10-5 10-5 10-5
Cross Track Deviation
Display or Output
R R R R
AFCS Output O R R R
Waypoint sequencing R R R R
En-route Fly-over
turn anticipation
P P P P
En-route Fly-by turn
anticipation
R R R R
En-route fixed radius turn O O O R
TMA Fly-over
turn execution
R R O O
TMA Fly-by turn anticipation O R R R
TMA defined radius turn O O R R
Parallel offsets O R R R
Entry and recoveryt from
offsets
O R R R
“Direct to” function R R R R
Holding procedure (RNP) O O R R
Holding procedure
(conventional)
O O O O
Display bearing distance
and time to waypoints
R R R R
Performance monitoring O O R R
Sensor monitoring R R R R
Alert outputs
Equipment failure
Mode reversion
R
O
R
O
R
R
R
R
Eurocontrol RNAV Standard
Maximum Indicated Airspeed
Maximum Altitude
95% RNP Containment area
d2
d1
d3
Hold Waypoint
Inbound track to the holding fix
d4
RNP HOLDING PATTERN DEFINITION
?
( )
tanq
2
+
d2 = K
V Vw
d3 = RNP
d1 > d2
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP En-Route Obstacle Clearance - RNP 1
Example for hold at 14000ft, max bank angle of 23 degrees, 230 knots airspeed
~20 NM
~32 NM
d2
d4
d3=RNP=X
Buffer Area =
greater of:
X+2 NM or 5 NM
d1
1.414X
A
T
[C1] [C2]
70°
A
[C1] [C2]
Entry Sectors
1 4
2 3
A
[C1] [C2]
70°
Sector 1 Entry
Sector 2 Entry
A
[C1] [C2]
70°
Sector 2 Entry
A
[C1] [C2]
70°
Sector 3 Entry
A
[C1]
70°
Sector 4 Entry
Holding Entries
RNP Protection
RNAV Hold
Entry Protection
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP vs RNAV Hold Protection
RNAV Hold
Basic Area
Width of the initial
approach area
IAF
Width of the “en-route”
protection area
Beginning of the arrival route
30o
2xM + 2 NM
2xN + 1 NM
RNP “M” 25 NM RNP “N”
Length of the arrival segment greater than
or equal to 25 NM
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment
Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
Width of the initial
approach area
IAF
Beginning of the arrival route
30o
RNP “N”
25 NM
RNP “M”
Length of the arrival segment
less than 25 NM
2xM + 2 NM
2xN + 1 NM
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment
Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point
RNP
wind
spiral
Fly-By
c
S
A/2
30o
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
Primary Area
Secondary Area
2xRNP + B
way-point
A
track XXX°
track YYY°
Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach
0 .5 NM, final/missed approach
track YYY°
track XXX°
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
RNP
wind
spiral
Fly-Over
way-point
c
TP
Secondary Area
Primary Area
A/2
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
A
2xRNP + B
Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach
0 .5 NM, final/missed approach
s
P
J
O
Y
Y/2
LK = 1.414 (RNP + B/2)
OK = r + LK
K
L
M
R
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
Secondary Area
Primary Area
( )
tanq
2
+
r = K
V Vw
2xRNP + B
Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach
0.5 NM, final/missed approach
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure
First way-point located in constant width RNP area
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
Constant width
(2A/W)
associated with RNP
Primary area
Limit of the RNAV
departure area
DER
± 150 m
1.9 NM
15°+a
15o
track XXXo
2xRNP + 0.5 NM
a
a
Secondary area
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure
First way-point located prior to constant width RNP area
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
Constant width
(2A/W)
associated with RNP
Primary
area
Secondary area
Limit of the RNAV
departure area
DER
± 150 m
1.9 NM
15°+a
15°
track XXXo
2xRNP + 0.5 NM
First way-point
a
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP
wind
spiral
Fly-By
c
S
A/2
30o
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
15oPrimary Area
15°
± 150 m
Secondary Area
2xRNP + 0.5 NM
way-point
K
K'
A
track XXX°
track YYY°
track YYY°
track XXX°
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP
wind
spiral
Fly-Over
way-point
c
TP
Secondary Area
Primary Area
A/2
15o
15o
± 150 m
dr
2xRNP + 0.5 NM
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
A
K
K'
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at an altitude
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
wind
c spiral
TP
Primary Area
± 150 m dr
15o
15o
Secondary Area
2xRNP + 0.5 NM
Latest TP
600m
15o
Secondary Area
Obstacles in this area
must be considered twice:
1) in the straight segment, use of
reduced margins associated with
secondary area;
2) in the turns, use of full
margins associated with turns
track XXX°
s
P
J
O
Y
Y/2
LK = 1.414 (RNP + 0.25 NM)
OK = r + LK
K
L
M
R
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
Secondary Area
Primary Area
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP 2xRNP + 0.5 NM
( )
tanq
2
+
r = K
V Vw
RNP Capable Aircraft
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
737
747
757/767
777
737
747
757/767
777
LNAV with Autopilot
Engaged
LNAV with Flight
Director
Manual Control with
Map Display
GPS non-GPS
Example of Minimum Demonstrated RNPs
Total
System Error
FTE
Altimetry Error
Path Definition Error
Defined Path
True Position
Estimated Position
Desired Path
Vertical RNP Concept
RNP RNAV
Are you CONVINCED ?
Questions ?