The Aircraft Type Certification Process Its application to systems

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Phases of Type Certification
Joachim Bargmann, Airbus
Certification Manager Electrical Systems, EAA
Issue: 17-04-07
The Aircraft Type Certification Process
Its application to systems
© AIRBUS All rights reserved Confidential and proprietary document
Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 2
Table of Content
- Background
- Phase 0 – Feasibility
- Phase 1 – Application for TC / Organisation
Establishment
- Phase 2 – Familiarisation / TC Basis Preparation
- Phase 3 – Means of Compliance / Certification Plan
Establishment & Agreement
- Phase 4 – Final Phase
- Key Messages
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 3
Background
Type Certification is:
The process demonstrating that
the design of a new type or derivative aircraft
complies with the applicable
aviation requirements
Type Certification is required by Law
(laid down in ICAO Annex 8, EASA Basic regulation & Part 21)
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 4
Applicable Aviation Requirements
• Airworthiness requirements:
- basically JAR-25 at chg 15 * / FAR Part 25 amdt 1-98
Large Aeroplanes
Examples for ATA24:
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The Type Certification Process
0. Feasibility
Study
3. Establish the MOC
and Certification
Plans
1. Application and
establishing the
Organisation
2. Familiarisation / Establish
Certification Basis
4. Compliance
Demonstration / Final phase
Type
Certificate
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Flow Chart of TC process - Phase 0
Activities initiated
Application prepared
Develop new A/C Type Certification Process
EASA & FAA
Activities
* Airbus is currently switching from Milestones to Maturity Gates in program development (such being already under deployement for A350)
*
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 7
Flow Chart of TC process - Phase 1
Nomination of
EASA & FAA
team
EASA & FAA
Familiarization
Meeting
EASA & FAA
procedures &
agreements
started
Airbus Initial
Certification Plan
Certification Milestones
defined
EASA & FAA
Activities
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Phase 2: Architecture of the Electrical System
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Phase 2: Architecture EPGDS / Equipment Location
RAT
VFG TRU BAT
APU
Gens
Emergency Power
Centre
Secondary Power Centre
Primary Power Centre
TRU ABTRU BAT
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Flow Chart of TC process - Phase 2
EASA & FAA
Activities
EASA & FAA Panel
meetings, 1st meeting
detailed familiarization
Non-EASA &
non-FAA
coordination
meetings, if
needed
EASA & FAA Type
Board Meetings
Certification Basis
proposal set-up
Certification Basis
update
Certification Plan
updates
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The Type Certification process
Phase 2 - Familiarisation & TC Basis preparation
Type Certification Basis
Set of applicable requirements under which the aircraft is certified:
• Date of application freezes the JAR 25 / FAR 25 amendment for which the aircraft
needs to be compliant
􀀗“Reference Date”; EASA & FAA may have different reference dates
• Type Certification must be achieved within 5 years of the reference date, unless
specifically determined by the authorities (IR21.17)
􀀗If this is not achieved, EASA or FAA may require compliance
with further rule amendments.
• Certification Basis is not a Design Specification, nor a Safety Policy Handbook
􀀗Responsible aircraft manufacturers have to deal with all three items and the
envelope of the three sets of requirements
• Agreed certification basis is the applicable requirement plus ……
􀀗Special Condition: new or modified regulations due to e.g. new technologies,
resolution of an unsafe condition
􀀗Exemption (FAA) / Deviation (EASA): regulation substantiated not applicable
􀀗Elect to comply: regulation under draft but not in the existing code (risk
mitigation
􀀗Reversion: (derivative only) previous regulation version used
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Example of CRI
Special
Condition, not
directly
ATA24
responsibility
Interpretative
Material
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 13
Flow Chart of TC process - Phase 3
Certification Basis
update
EASA & FAA
Activities
EASA (with FAA
as agreed)
Panel Meetings
FAA declares
validation items and
finalizes delegation to
EASA
EASA & FAA Type
Board Meetings
Certification Basis
update
Work on approved
documentation starts
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The Type Certification process / Phase 3 -
Agreement on Means of Compliance and Certification Plans
For each technical discipline, a detailed certification plan is prepared for
discussion with the Aviation Authorities specialists to obtain their
agreement
This certification plan must contain:
• a general description of the design/characteristics/features relevant for the
considered discipline (for example for a system: the architecture, main
functions, operation)
• a list of all relevant requirements and interpretative material from the initial
certification basis
• the proposed Means of Compliance (MOC) associated to each requirement
• the list of Certification Documents to be produced to demonstrate compliance
with applicable requirements
• the proposed compliance demonstration methods, the list and description of
the major Certification tasks with associated planning
(in particular : laboratory, flight, simulator or bench tests…), and the
compliance demonstrations to be witnessed by the AA and those to be
approved under manufacturers DOA privileges
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 15
Phase 3 - MoC
The Means of
Compliance for
each Rule
Paragraph and
ATA Chapter must
be agreed upon at
the start of the
final Certification
process
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Flow Chart of TC process - Phase 4
EASA & FAA
Activities
FAA Review of
non-delegated
items
EASA Final TBM
FAA final TBM
Issue of EASA TC
Issue of FAA TC
Certification Basis
update
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The Type Certification Process
Phase 4 - Compliance Demo - Final Phase
• Compliance Demonstration Phase (FAA involvement only
for retained items): Equipment Qualification, Simulations,
Lab/Gnd/Flight Tests/AA Witnessing, Inspection etc.
Frame
Actuator
Uplock
Turbine
Gearbox
Strut &
drive shaft
Generator
BEIGE
(Electrical Generation Test Facility)
Iron Bird
RAT
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Design Organisation Approval (Part 21, Subpart J)
• Prerequisite for TC
• Organisational structure
• Responsibilities
• Procedures
• Resources
• Independent monitoring of
organisation
• Independent checking of product
compliance
DESIGN ASSURANCE SYSTEM
DESIGN
ORGANISATION
MANUAL
EASA
INVESTIGATION Design
Organisation
Approval
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Design Organisation Approval (Part 21, Subpart J)
ORGANISATION PRIVILEGES
• Issuance of certification documents for type
certification and major changes without
systematic EASA verification
• Classification of changes, repairs and
unintentional manufacturing deviations
(concessions) as minor or major
• Approval of minor changes, minor and
major repairs and concessions
• Issuance of information or instructions
stating that the technical content is
approved under the authority of the DOA
Design
Organisation
Approval
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 20
Type Certification vs. Type Validation
• By law, the manufacturer must obtain a Type Certificate (TC)
from its state of design
• “Type Certification”
􀀗EASA has this responsibility for all European states
􀀗EASA is the “primary authority”
• To export the aircraft, each foreign state must validate the
Type Certificate issued by the Primary Authority (EASA)
􀀗“Type Certification Validation”
􀀗All foreign authorities, including FAA, are validating
authorities
􀀗Scope of Validation depends on the authority
- Influencing factors: aviation industry, economic impact, industrial
partner
- FAA certification is performed more & more concurrently with EASA
• Ensures basic aircraft architecture complies with both sets of regulations
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 21
Type Certificate
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 22
Type Certification - Key messages
• Certification is an integral part of the program with defined
deliverables for the program and for the Authorities
• Early identification and resolution strategy for certification
issues is essential
• Some certification requirements may evolve through
Authority discussions until late in the process, although
best efforts are made to fix the majority of requirements at
Component Level Design Completion
• Good communication between involved parties is essential
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 23
Abbreviations
AA Aviation Authorities
ACC Airbus Certification Committee
ACJ Advisory Circular Joint
ACMT Aircraft Component Management Team
AE Airworthiness Engineer
AFM Aircraft Flight Manual
ALI Airworthiness Limitations Item
ALS Airworthiness Limitation Section
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance
AMJ Advisory Material Joint
AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual
AP Airbus Procedure
ARP Aerospace Recommended Practice
ATA Air Transport Association of America
AWO All Weather Operations
CAE Chief Airworthiness Engineer
CC Certification Coordinator
CE Chief Engineer
CEH Complex Electronic Hardware
CG Centre of Gravity
CM Certification Manager
CMR Certification Maintenance Requirements
CoC Centre of Competence
CRI Certification Review Item
CS Certification Specification
DDP Declaration of Design & Performance
DCS Designated Certification Specialist
DGAC Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile
DOA Design Organisation Approval
DOM Design Organisation Manual
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
EIS Entry Into Service
ELA Electrical Load Analysis
ESF Equivalent Safety Finding
ETC Elect To Comply
EU European Union
EX Exemption
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation
FCOM Flight Crew Operating Manual
GM Guidance Material
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
IP Issue Paper
IR Implemented Rules
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR Joint Aviation Requirements
MMEL Minimum Master Equipment List
MOC Means of Compliance
MPD Maintenance Planning Document
MRB Maintenance Review Board
MRBR Maintenance Review Board Report
NPA Notice of Proposed Amendment
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
OPS Operations
PCM Project Certification Manager
SC Special Condition
SCE Showing Compliance Engineer
SDD System Description Document
SSA System Safety Assessment
SRM Structure Repair Manual
SW Software
TBM Type Board Meeting
TC Type Certification
TCDS Type Certification Data Sheet
TCM Type Certification Manager
TSM Trouble Shooting Manual
WBM Weight and Balance Manual
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Ref.: EAA_L24PR0702285_v3 Issue: 17 Apr '07 Page 24
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and
proprietary document.
This document and all information contained herein is the sole
property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are
granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of
its content. This document shall not be reproduced or
disclosed to a third party without the express written consent
of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be
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The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They
are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed
in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these
statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to
explain the basis thereof.
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