Intercept Angle VOR Intercepts Mass Brief Aim • To understand the principles of conducting VOR intercepts and to use them practically in aiding visual navigation. Application • Supplement visual navigation • Night rating • Instrument flying Overview • Revision • Definitions • Principles • Considerations – Intercepts • Air Exercise • Airmanship Revision • The VOR system has various limitations and errors that must be considered. These are: V A G A S T – Vertical Polarization – Airborne Equipment Error – Ground Station – Aggregate Error – Site Error – Terrain Effect Revision • VOR Checks TI T• VOR Rated Coverage < 5,000ft – 5,000ft to 10,000ft – 10,000ft to 15,000ft – – Tune – Identify – Test 60 nm 90 nm 120 nm Definitions • Command Sense 360 FROM RADIAL In Command In Command Not in Command Principles • Command/not in command Definitions • Intercept Angle – Is the angle between the aircraft’s position and the radial you want to be on. – An intercept angle must be known so a HDG can be calculated and used to cross the required radial to be intercepted. Intercept Angle Intercepts that can be conducted include: • LIKE – Inbound to Inbound, and Outbound to Outbound • UNLIKE – Inbound to Outbound, and Outbound to Inbound. Definitions Intercept Angle Intercept Angle Principles • Intercept – The following five questions will ensure accurate intercepts: 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? Intercept Angle Considerations • Intercept Angle – Is at pilot’s discretion. Normally use angles like 30, 45 and 60 for ease of calculation. – Generally speaking use 30 for outbound intercepts and 60 for inbound intercepts. Distance – VOR doesn’t tell you how close you are to a station, only your angle. Intercept Angle Air Exercise • Outbound - Outbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 30º 030º M Outbound Air Exercise • Outbound - Outbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 30º Intercept 330º M Outbound Air Exercise • Inbound - Inbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 60º 330º M Inbound Air Exercise • Inbound - Inbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 60º Intercept 030º M Inbound 30º Air Exercise • Inbound – Outbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 150º M Outbound Air Exercise • Inbound – Outbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 30º Intercept 240º M Outbound 60º Air Exercise • Outbound - Inbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 210º M Inbound Air Exercise • Outbound - Inbound 1. Where am I? (Orientation) 2. Where do I want to be? 3. Which way do I turn? (Shortest way) 4. What HDG do I take up? 5. How do I know when I’m there? 60º Intercept 240º M Inbound Airmanship • Taxi checks • TIT checks • Always ask the five questions • Ensure DG aligned to compass! • Be aware of VOR limitations • Limit bank angle to rate one turns • Lookout作者: fantesy5566 时间: 2011-5-4 12:55:03