aviation terms

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0FUELWT Zero (0) Fuel Weight. 360, 540 AND OTHER NUMBERS Degrees in arc. 360 signifies one full turn through an axis. A 360 turn is a flat turn; where the aircraft does not roll its wings but instead just sl... 3D Flight pattern noted by performance of particular aerobatics below an airplane. 3F Informal reference for flip flop flying. Similar to 3D, except not as smooth. 0 T" Z' C- ]( |) c. m2 P) fA Aircraft (JAR - FCL License) A/C Air conditioner Unit * e$ ~. S3 M- _! y0 F8 ^2 R" x2 UA/G Aircraft. Air Craft A/T Automatic throttle. + ?6 I. [; E8 N# {8 K2 PAAIM Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitor ABAS Aircraft Based Augmenting System. ABC Aluminum-Brass-Chrome. Three main components used in the production of engines that do not have rings. Engines with aluminum piston, chrome or nickel ... ABL Advanced Bimetallic Liner. A Specialized form of ABN. Instead of a single-material plating,single-step, the ABL Plating process is based on a layered ... ABN Aluminum-Brass-Nickel. The components used in the production of non-ringed engines. These engines use an aluminum piston, and a nickel plated brass sl... ABOVE GROUND LEVEL (AGL). Distance between the aircraft and the ground Synonyms: radar altitude; ABSOLUTE Fixed reference, as opposed to moving reference. ' m3 j& U* [7 L+ VAC Advisory circular 8 C w) W3 Z/ C5 j! iACARS Airline Communication and Reporting System. % Q1 c: N" J3 _) F& U: Y

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YAW RATE The rate of movement about the vertical axis of a aircraft. 8 q" V4 O- h4 Q" S2 D JYOKE CUE A vertical flight director cue for fixed-wing aircraft, primarily to control altitude, by changing pitch; Compare: collective cue; Symbols: Gamma sub ... Z Infra-red identification equipment Z TRANSFORM A mathematical relationship to model a discrete function in the complex frequency domain (Z-plane); Z transforms are commonly used by systems engineer... . |* W% U; R- x V' v( J" gZ-BEND A type of linkage point using a bend in the control rod which resemble a Z. ' C. U6 j3 }3 f8 P ^* X6 nZ-PLANE Discrete complex frequency plane; Z-plane is used in control systems engineering in the design of control laws See Also: Z transform; 9 s0 V2 O- v& C2 T5 m. Y2 r0 oZAHME SAU TAME BOAR. German "free lance" night fighter system using single engined aircraft ZERST–RER GESHWADER Luftwaffe Destroyer Wings, composed of Bf110 Heavy fighters $ L3 K ~6 h$ `9 f1 pZOC Zone of confusion - V8 l5 u9 N; \) x1 _7 cZONE OF CONFUSION (ZOC) A circular area centered at a TACAN station in which bearing is extremely noisy; 8 I+ ?. k* z4 H4 y, }0 V& o* ZZULU Greenwich Mean Time, also known as Universal Coordinated Time.

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WEATHERVANE This describes the tendency to point into the wind. Stabilizers on a aircraft result in its desire to weathervane. 5 S7 S' J: @* U% rWEIGHT ON WHEELS (WOW) Indication of whether the aircraft has weight on its wheels, meaning airborne or on the ground; weight on wheels can be detected by a sensor on the wh... % d7 M) {/ S6 C: f+ I, {WET WINGS Method for containing fuel in wings without using rubber fuel cells. WGS-84 Wide Area Augmentation System ) A2 M, q: @$ `WGS72 World Geodetic Survey 1972 4 S6 [, Z7 f" e! y; T; ZWGS84 World Geodetic Survey 1984 WHEEL A flight control operated by turning with hands in fixed-wing aircraft, primarily to control roll (heading) via the ailerons; wheel is connected to yo... WHEEL CUE A lateral flight director cue for fixed-wing aircraft, primarily to control heading, by changing roll; Compare: lateral cyclic cue; Symbols: Gamma sub... 2 _9 o4 y6 ^ ], x( mWHEEL PANTS The large fairings used to streamline the wheels of an aircraft that has non-retracting, or "fixed" landing gear (so-called because it`s "fixed" in pl... 3 z |0 Q3 R- |' J( ?WHITE BOMBS Nickname for propaganda leaflets. : k4 I+ `; M/ v9 aWILDE SAU WILD BOAR. German ground- controlled night fighter system using twin engined aircraft WIMPY RAF nickname for the Vickers Wellington bomber. The name came from J. Wellington Wimpy, a character in the Popeye cartoon in the Daily Mirror WIMS System Wide Information Management # ?& s% l$ Z3 U, XWIND BEARING Symbols: B sub W; Typical Units: rad, deg; WIND SPEED Symbols: V sub W; Typical Units: kt, ft/s; Dimensions: Length / Time; WINDOW Strips of silver paper dropped by British aircraft to confuse the German ground radars WINDSOCK This can be used to describe a number of devices, all of which give a visual clue to the direction and speed of wind in a given location. ( Q9 U2 u" q. K2 _& ZWING The main lifting surface of an airplane. WING FENCE Term preferred by Airbus and McDonnell-Douglas aircraft manufacturers for the vertical structures at the outside ends of the wings of some of their je... WING LOADING This is the amount of weight per square foot that has to be overcome to provide lift. It is normally expressed in ounces per square foot. This specifi... p: ^: @9 S" c& y3 n$ UWING ROOT The centerline of the wing, where the left and right wing panels are joined. 4 G% V0 t9 N9 UWINGLET A small vertical surface at the tips of the wings. They help direct the turbulent airflow that all wings have at the tips. They makes the wings more e... WIP Work in Progress WMO World Meteorological Organization WORLD GEODETIC SURVEY 1972 (WGS72) A standard model for computing earth data; WORLD GEODETIC SURVEY 1984 (WGS84) A standard model for computing earth data; 6 X: L7 }5 z3 r3 C% J" y2 wWOW Weight on wheels % ^; G5 _8 H {! kWP Waypoint 1 X% n5 Z( A8 c: Q: L8 c# U4 DWPT Waypoint 1 M5 }3 F4 n4 s5 O& j& o) a; vWRAP TEST A test to send data to a device having it sent back unaltered WWII Waypoint WX Weather WYPT Waypoint 2 W* R2 V7 F' m5 e' u( u, P) zWœRZBURG German short (11 mile) range gun laying radar capable of giving both height and range. X-BAND Frequency range in which most general aviation weather radars operate. ( \8 K& U6 x, V% _7 T' j8 Q7 JX-BEAMS German radio beams used to guide their bombers to the target 4 N- d2 \( N* w# UXPDR Transponder. Radar-enhancement/data link box for ATC purposes. " J ]. }( P& ]2 v. \8 ?1 RXPOND Transponder XTK Cross track; cross track error. XTKD Cross track deviation XTKR Cross track deviation rate 8 k; R& w9 W, K! u% UXYZ A standard aircraft coordinate frame and sign convention, where nose, right wing, and down are positive X, Y, and Z, respectively; often used as subsc... " H5 k& f/ w, H H& J9 z) ~4 G3 WY-BEAMS German radio beams used to guide their bombers to the target 7 f `- `9 I8 TY-SERVICE British organization for the interception and reporting of German wireless "chatter" for intelligence purposes. Y2K Year-2000 (computer date problem) NOTE: k=decimal kilo=1000 (1-1000); thus Y2k=2000 K=binary kilo=1024 (0-1023); thus Y2K=2047 7 P4 @* A% n" b/ w) HYAW The nose-left and nose-right movement of the airplane. This is controlled by the rudder. YAW AXIS The airplane axis controlled by the rudder. Yaw is illustrated by hanging the airplane level by a wire located at the center of gravity. Left or right...

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frequency at which the outp... CVFR Controlled VFR (still existing in some countries) CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder 2 y" a1 @) j& }. qCYCLES Pertaining to turbine engines. Cycle begins with starting, continues through full-power, and ends with shutdown. CYCLIC See: longitudinal cyclic, lateral cyclic; D Airspace ICAO Class D D.R. DEAD RECKONING; system of navigation. VIS Very High Frequency (30-300 MHz) . b8 O" ], e5 T& TVISUAL FLIGHT RULE (VFR) Rules that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions (VMC). The term is also used in the United States to indicate weather c... + S$ M, w2 e- W- H5 N9 CVISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS(VMC) Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima. ) S7 E* j" |7 kVJAR-FCL Verordnung JAR-FCL (JAR-FCL transformed to Swiss Law) ; n$ ~' k, l, u9 q2 j8 ^* G# g/ ?VLA Very Light Aircraft (Aircraft certification category) VLE Max. Landing Gear Extended Speed 0 n- O& r4 g7 c' h. W! W% n+ RVLF Very Low Frequency radio equipment / h# Y& z+ E* B$ \" J* ]# KVLO Max. Landing Gear Operation Speed VLOF lift-off speed. VMC Visual Meteo Conditions ("good" weather for VFR or IFR) % n0 D7 J6 m- Z3 H {7 x: JVMO maximum operating limit speed. VMU minimum unstick speed. & V" x+ M1 w }# m" X$ M. ?9 XVNAV Vertical navigation, or the capability to compute pitch-axis maneuvers and altitude-related points in space. 4 O! `1 k( m1 u2 G" [* q% ?" AVNE Never Exceed Speed VNO Max. Structural Cruising Speed ) W7 r$ Y7 |# H; O$ aVOR A ground-based electronic navigation aid transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic north. Us... , | x5 P4 @& \VOR/DME Vertical Navigation (GLS) ) o9 }. H4 @# z/ C: E, CVORTAC VHF Omni range; VR Rotation Speed 6 E- {! j& x( I9 A& u8 n! ~& [VS the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable. ) \5 T6 ?& i% V+ Y2 sVS0 Stalling Speed Landing Config + _5 f. L* m, {6 P0 aVS1 Stalling Speed in a specified Config. 8 s6 m9 I' l% ~VSSE Minimum Safe Single Engine Speed VTOSS takeoff safety speed for Category A rotorcraft. VX Best Angle of Climb Speed # l. L" I6 A; n( J; ~2 `* Y" tVXSE Best Angle of Climb Speed, 1 engine inoperative 3 y+ p* e0 N9 Z1 c4 W( ZVY Best Rate of Climb Speed VYSE Best Rate of Climb Speed, 1 engine inoperative WA (IAOPA) World Assembly ! b" ?8 I2 s( |8 OWAAS GNSS wide-area augmentation system. WANGANUI Colored flares dropped on H2S to sky mark a target ' X, L$ {% G+ r dWARNING A signal which alerts the operator to a dangerous condition requiring immediate action (from MIL-STD-1472D); an annunciator that is the most critical ... - N' N" |3 q) C+ P6 a1 _WARNING, CAUTION, ADVISORY (WCA) See: warning, caution, advisory, annunciator, alert; 9 e$ T% D. H( u$ bWASH-OUT FILTER A filter to smooth a transition due to change of input source, such as when changing modes; See Also: transient-free switch; 6 s* m1 f8 u* A/ j$ u. l1 x( rWASHOUT The twist in an airfoil which causes less angle of attack at the tips than the root. For airplanes, this increases stability of the aircraft at slow s... $ j. e; Q3 B( B' JWASSERMANN German long range radar with a range of up to 190 Km. 5 d$ N- I9 i4 B. p& U8 |WAYPOINT A predetermined geographical position used for route/instrument approach definition, or progress reporting purposes, that is defined relative to a VOR... WAYPOINT (WYPT) A point on the ground, predefined as a point of interest for the flight; a basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to a waypoint, either by co... WAYPOINT APPROACH To approach a waypoint WCA Warning, Caution, Advisory

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V (X) Speed for best angle of climb. V (Y) Speed for best rate of climb. - W: b/ h3 H' {( eV1 speed for best angle of climb. VA Maneuvering Speed (max. structural speed allowed for full control deflection) 1 R$ E$ d8 X) R s. n& e3 QVAC Volts alternating current. VAL Visual Approach and Landing (Chart) VAR Variation VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator VAT Value Added Tax VB design speed for maximum gust intensity. 9 e; {6 g C$ [$ MVC design cruising speed. VD Max. Dive Speed (for certification only) . k& c( M/ O5 y2 r+ fVDB VHF Data Broadcast & m$ ?. N9 m2 `VDC Volts direct current. / v! n' _- b/ Q- gVDF demonstrated flight diving speed. VDL VHF Data Link (-n = type n) 7 b. X# f) E. x1 t FVEF the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff. . w7 M7 y0 ?0 K6 x9 O, I6 T4 PVEHICLE/PEDESTRIAN DEVIATION(VPD) An entry or movement on an airport movement area by a vehicle operator or pedestrian that has not been authorized by air traffic control (includes air... + | q8 j, l, t9 {VELOCITY Rate of change of location, either scalar or vector, often with subscripts such as ENU or XYZ to denote the coordinate frame; time derivative of posit... VELOCITY EAST Aircraft velocity in true east direction; Symbols: V sub E; Typical Units: kt, ft/s; Dimensions: Length / Time; VELOCITY ERROR SCALE FACTOR(KVSF) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the longitudinal guidance modes; VELOCITY NORTH Aircraft velocity in true north direction; Symbols: V sub N; Typical Units: kt, ft/s; Dimensions: Length / Time; VENTRAL FIN A small vertical surface on the bottom of the aft fuselage. Usually a long, slim triangle that is narrow at the front, and widens toward the rear. It ... VERT SPD Vertical speed hold + V8 q) c( q+ R, W' Z, BVERTICAL Reference to earth radial, for example, vertical velocity is velocity along earth radial; See Also: East-North-Vertical; / r( F3 o, ?0 T! @" [9 mVERTICAL ACCELERATION Aircraft acceleration in earth vertical direction; Symbols: A sub V; Typical Units: ft/s-squared, g; Dimensions: Length / Time-squared; + `0 r# l. Y; ~VERTICAL CUE A cue to control altitude; See Also: yoke cue, collective cue; VERTICAL GUIDANCE Calculations for the vertical axis, rather than the longitudinal axis. The control law vertical axis input data are: Desired Altitude, Altitude Integr... VERTICAL SPEED HOLD (VERT SPD) A basic guidance mode, providing vertical guidance to maintain an operator selected vertical speed; VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI) An onboard instrument which gauges rate of climb or descent, in feet per minute. VERTICAL VELOCITY Aircraft velocity in earth vertical direction; Symbols: V sub V; Typical Units: ft/s; Dimensions: Length / Time; VF design flap speed. ( |8 w1 L7 T. F" F6 }/ CVFE Max. Flaps Extended Speed 2 [* h) X7 C1 n* v4 pVFR Visual Flight Rules ("good" weather operations rules) VFR OVER-THE-TOP with respect to the operation of aircraft, means the operation of an aircraft over-the-top under VFR when it is not being operated on an IFR flight pl... # O5 ?: V F; O; |) F4 h4 T! nVH maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power. VHF Very High Frequency radio equipment. VHF OMNI RANGE (VOR) Equipment that determines bearing to a radio station with a VOR transmitter; VOR transmitters usually contain ILS transmitters in addition to VOR; A b... ; G( @9 X6 r, Z# _6 }2 VVILLAGE INN A gun laying radar installed in the rear-turret of some Lancaster bombers allowing blind-firing on an "illuminated" target

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TVOR very high frequency terminal omni range station. n4 Q9 ~$ b) yTWR Tower (Control Tower) TYPE (1) As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a specific make and basic model of aircraft, incl... U Airspace Euro control project Class U (unknown traffic) 9 T& T" I" v6 b9 yU/S unserviceable % [- V3 @% M) N9 k$ dU/V ADF UHF/VHF Automatic Direction Finding UAT Universal Access Transceiver UAV Unmanned (or Uninhabited) Aeronautical (or Aerial) Vehicle UFN Until Further Notice ; q+ j( ]9 d& [( p! pUFO Unidentified Flying Object 0 x* B4 k. l: z% t% M ^8 U, c% QUHF Ultra High Frequencies (300 MHz-30 GHz) ' i" K8 g+ \1 B# @2 e+ ZUHF/VHF AUTOMATIC DIRECTIONFINDING (U/V ADF) An Automatic Direction Finder that determines relative bearing to a transmitter to which it is tuned, in either the UHF band or VHF band; UL Ultra light, Ultra-l©ger motoris© ULM Ultra light, Ultra-l©ger motoris© ULTRALIGHT VEHICLE An aeronautical vehicle operated for sport or recreational purposes which does not require FAA registration, an airworthiness certificate, nor pilot c... * P( Y% \. ]* K+ a5 T0 MUMAS Unmanaged Air Space (Euro control Definition) . t4 X7 W! {3 s/ I% b6 OUNDER CAMBER This means that the lower surface of the wing has a hollow curve when observed from front to back. A thin wing with a high camber will be under camber... UNDERCARRIAGE STRUT A part of an airplane`s structure, designed to resist distortion, which supports the landing gear. UNIT FUNCTIONS A collection of functions used as standard test cases in control systems engineering; The primary unit functions of interest in avionics are the unit ... UNIT IMPULSE A function used as a standard test case in control systems engineering; a spike of "area" one at time t = 0; Synonyms: impulse; See Also: unit functio... % H! q! G$ H, q2 c4 Z* B2 RUNIT LESS No units, such as ratios; a quantity with standard units of 1; a quantity with primary units of 1; Synonyms: dimensionless; & n# J4 [1 Y' jUNIT RAMP A function used as a standard test case in control systems engineering; a line of slope 1 starting at zero at time t = 0; Synonyms: ramp; See Also: un... UNIT STEP A function used as a standard test case in control systems engineering; a step from zero to one at time t = 0; Synonyms: step; See Also: unit function... UNITED STATES in a geographical sense, means (1) the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the possessions, including the territorial waters, and (2) t... UNITED STATES AIR CARRIER a citizen of the United States who undertakes directly by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation. - G8 \; f6 j5 D; KUNITS A standard quantity, such as ft or mi; Synonyms: dimension; ' ]" a% T8 n# f0 L" VUNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR(UTM) A system of fixed earth coordinates, sometimes used instead of latitude and longitude, accurate relative to others close by, such as ground troops; UPDATE A process by which position is reset with a known better position; updates occur at the data source level or at the physical device level, depending u... 5 n1 _4 `6 J' }, Q' y- oUPKEEP Codename for Barnes Wallis` bouncing bomb used in the Dambusters` raid , y0 x( E) K* A5 B8 P3 GURB User Relations Bureau (CFMU) 9 h& O/ J% U9 {. p! ^4 _USABLE FUEL (LBS) Usable fuel (gallons) x 6.7 lbs/gallon USAF US Air Force ( X, s" O. z& N rUSEFUL LOAD Maximum Ramp Weight - (minus) Basic Operating Weight 1 |2 Z/ H# t+ S' d6 m: s+ q# E6 [6 ^5 QUSG (AL) US-Gallon (3.78 Liter) - ?0 V1 \; i& k- {2 BUTC Universal Coordinated Time. UTM Universal Transverse Mercator V Universal Time Coordinated

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TRANSCEIVER Type Rating TRANSCEIVERS A device that receives and transmits % M6 n ]- Y3 s) m3 I$ A x0 k1 P+ bTRANSIENT-FREE SWITCH A switch with a wash-out filter so that the output contains no transients (steps) at switch time - @; Y4 E/ X' }, NTRANSMIT To radiate RF energy TRANSMITTER A device that transmits 6 c2 G: o$ l6 y- NTRANSMITTER (TX) The hand-held radio controller. This is the unit that sends out the commands that you input. TRANSPONDER Transmitter-Responder ) R* w7 j% r7 E7 j- A* b+ wTRANSPONDER (TX) A receiver/transmitter which will generate a reply signal upon proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies. 7 |% _' o+ z$ D+ o& d7 F" z- I* YTRE Type Rating Examiner 1 T" v+ J+ E* r- @TREND MONITORING Continuous computerized observation of turbine engine performance. Used to detect early sings of wear. , n# B# Q2 O/ T$ p- fTRI Type Rating Instructor 4 z5 i3 i! \4 _ s- w$ _TRICYCLE GEAR The landing gear arrangement where the airplane has main gear and a nose gear. TRIM To adjust an aircraft`s trim tabs and thereby relieve the pressure required on the controls to keep the nose in the desired position. 6 _" _% a. @, @% \+ KTRIM TAB A secondary control surface, usually mounted to primary control surface such as aileron, elevator, rudder, or stabilizer, that controls the position o... 7 H+ I# |' H7 q7 P) v5 _2 b( ~TRK Track ( i# p7 O1 J2 Q0 ETRN Terrain Referenced Navigation; $ i/ V6 Q% j6 b* `# d2 BTRN-INS TRN with INS TRTO Type Rating Training Organization 9 F: I7 p& W5 \% wTRUE Best available estimate, such as true airspeed; referenced to true north, such as true heading; & Q* z6 ~$ x! f. |$ [7 C, _# @4 D; gTRUE AIRSPEED the airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air. True airspeed is equal to equivalent airspeed multiplied by (0/)1/2. TRUE AIRSPEED (TAS) The airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air. ; C7 t% r2 I, W; N/ @TRUE BEARING Symbols: B sub T; Typical Units: rad, deg; TRUE HEADING Heading of the aircraft relative to true north; Symbols: psi sub T; Typical Units: rad, deg; 7 T0 y0 t3 a) _0 @/ Y: yTRUE TRACK Ground track angle; Symbols: T sub T; Typical Units: rad, deg; , S: N" j3 s( C/ E5 z) m& vTSC Total Time Since CORE TSMO Time since major overhaul ) @& U. ?7 S/ G) ]4 ?TSN Time Since New (also TTSN) 9 J/ u' m8 q9 w# p- fTSO Technical Standard Order TT Total Time Airframe TTG, TTS OR TTW Time to go, time to station, time to waypoint. TUBA a jamming device for Freya radar operating in the 70-200 MHz range $ ]+ a9 z' B3 P. bTUNE To set the operating frequency or channel for a device 4 A* k0 y% I) D0 zTURBO PROP Is said of an airplane powered by a type of jet engine, the turbo prop, equipped with a turbine-driven propeller. TURBOJET AIRCRAFT An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine which in turn operates the air compressor. TURBOPROP AIRCRAFT An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine which drives the propeller. TURBULENCE MODE Flight control system mode in which a "softer" response to gust upsets is programmed.

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TILT ROTOR An aircraft with tilting rotors for fixed-wing flight or rotary-wing flight; TIM Time (Euro control, everybody else is able to add an "e") 0 u: W# |5 _/ d1 O, L1 zTIME CONSTANT Constant for a first-order filter determining time at which the output of the filter reaches nearly 0.6321 percent of a step input; Symbols: tau; Typi... TIME IN SERVICE with respect to maintenance time records, means the time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches it at the next p... ( C: }" p; \/ J vTINSEL RAF airborne jamming device used by wireless operators to transmit engine noise over the German night fighter control frequencies 5 h& n# \% @* D5 ?2 \+ b) P2 UTIS-B Traffic Information System-Broadcast TKE Track error TKOF Take-Off TLS Transponder Landing System TMA Terminal (Control) Area TMG Touring Motor Glider 2 L9 Z' r" \2 F- S6 A- pTNC Tactical Navigation Chart 5 q; ?6 I7 L3 `- q% GTOLERANCES Allowed error in measurements TORQUE The force which tends to cause rotation. ; @. \" }# Y! e2 ^8 g* ^3 WTOTAL PRESSURE A measure of barometric pressure in the moving air; Synonyms: dynamic pressure, Pitot pressure, stagnation pressure; Compare: static pressure; Symbols... 1 V& D4 f! I" f- P& C+ h+ y, ~TOWER A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vici... 4 X) [ \. t+ D" D' CTPC Tactical Piloting Chart TPIA Transition Plan for Implementation of Airspace Strategy 5 S/ }; v0 p3 \3 m4 H. b5 L" ETR Abbreviation for Torque Roll, a 3D maneuver which begins as a hover and the torque of the engine/propeller rotates the aircraft in a counterclockwise ... TRACK (TRK) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to an operator selected ground track; TRACK ANGLE ERROR (TAE) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the lateral guidance modes; Typical Units: rad; ( U& C- y/ K! N: C2 W7 nTRACK ANGLE ERROR GAIN (KTAE) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the lateral guidance modes; * V- n3 m" }+ Y4 c( aTRACK HANDLE A device to move a cursor in two axes on a display, much like a mouse TRACKING Tracking is performed by the TRN 7 g, d/ Q; z" U! _- F* @) f. [6 zTRAFFIC COLLISION AVOIDANCESYSTEM (TCAS) TCAS-I provides warnings (TAs) of other nearby aircraft; TCAS II provides warnings and resolutions advisories (RAs), and coordinates RAs with other TC... & Z1 Y; a/ O) w$ T7 S* @TRAFFIC PATTERN The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from, an airfield. TRAILING EDGE (TE) The rearmost edge of the wing or stabilizer TRAINER AIRPLANE A aircraft designed to be inherently stable and fly at low speeds, to give first-time air crafters time to think and react as they learn to fly.

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TAS True airspeed 9 k4 P$ p q# ~TAUT LINE Basic guidance mode; provides vertical guidance to maintain a taut line for a dipping sonar, or other such device. 8 H; [. c0 u* o5 a3 V. }TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System TAXI The movement of an airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport. TAXIWAY A road leading from the airplane parking area to the runway; always marked with yellow lines. $ a4 t$ ?- ` z: \& y4 w" uTBO Time between overhaul TC True Course * U: s( R9 e+ JTCAS Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System TCH Threshold Crossing Height TCN Tacan TCNP Tacan Point-to-Point 4 l0 k2 \0 e5 c0 M. L7 k& D2 T* D1 RTDMA Time Division Multiple Access (VDL) TDZL touchdown zone lights. TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDER (TSO) A performance specification and production compliance criteria applied to avionics and defined by FARs and the RTCA. ; d8 i0 h6 z3 ZTERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA(TRSA) Airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and partici... 5 w8 h2 Q7 s0 s2 KTERRAIN The contour of the earth; TERRAIN AVOIDANCE (TA) Flight such that the aircraft maintains a constant barometric altitude but flies around obstacles; Compare: obstacle avoidance, threat avoidance; TERRAIN FOLLOWING (TF) A basic guidance mode, providing vertical guidance to maintain an operator selected radar altitude above the terrain. Flight such that the aircraft tr... TERRAIN REFERENCED NAVIGATION(TRN) A navigation mode based on comparison of barometric altitude and radar altitude with a map; Kalman filters correlate the terrain data and the altitude... TEST STATUS WORDS Status words reported at the conclusion of a test. Values: test in progress, not tested, normal, redundant, degraded, failed; $ w/ {" n5 B. w+ V' ~8 q @TF Terrain following; ; a/ f! L' h# s& t0 A- L+ } cTGL Task Force TH True Heading THA Threat avoidance THR Threshold 2 W& K0 [! Y9 s# }, xTHREAT AVOIDANCE (THA) Flight cues designed to avoid enemy threats, such as anti-aircraft artillery and aircraft; Compare: obstacle avoidance, terrain avoidance; THROTTLE The control that allows the pilot to change the speed of the engine. In a car, the "gas pedal" is actually the throttle control for the car. 8 p, c/ [: y6 t7 l5 u! ~% x8 fTHROTTLE CUE A longitudinal flight director cue for fixed-wing aircraft, primarily to control speed, by changing power; Compare: longitudinal cyclic cue; Symbols: ... THRUST The forward force provided by the airplane`s engine. This is the force that drives the airplane forward

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SWASH PLATE A device to control the pitch of rotors; on rotary-wing aircraft, the swash plate is controlled by a collective and a cyclic; Surface Wind Wave Motion... I' p% E) u- z5 ?SWC Significant Weather Chart SWEPT-WING A wing in which both the leading and trailing edges are slanted backward, to reduce air resistance at high speed. SWM SIP Wanted Message SYNCH Engine Fan Synchronizer SYNCHRO Any device capable of converting mechanical position into an analog electronic signal. SYNTHESIZER Frequency synthesizer, an electronic circuit capable of generating multiple frequencies from a single crystal oscillator. SYSTEM Applied to measurements, means the best value that the system can determine. % J0 A; m( |; {6 |- C: }T / T tonne $ y1 {. B/ i7 k" j( ^( `! uT/O take-off T/RS Thrust Reversers ' u: J; F! ~' ~/ h* D F5 dTA Traffic advisory (TCAS) TACAN Terrain avoidance 4 h; z6 O5 v+ g R/ d4 E1 wTACAN POINT-TO-POINT (TCNP) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to a point relative to a TACAN station by specified range and bearing; TACHOMETER An optical sensor designed specifically to count light impulses through a turning propeller and read out the engine RPM. TACT Transition Altitude TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION (TACAN) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to a TACAN station; Equipment that determines range and bearing to a radio station with a TACAN tran... TAE Track angle error , W! Z) `/ A0 l. X5 Y% MTAF Terminal Area Forecast (weather forecast) TAIL DRAGGER The nickname of an airplane that sits on its tail with the two main wheels in front and a tail wheel in the rear. TAIL WHEEL The small wheel at the tail of the airplane. This is found on the type of airplane that has the two large wheels in the front, and the small one in th... Y& v: M3 o: s' FTAILSKID On old World War I type aircraft, or pioneer-type aircraft, there was no tail wheel. A wooden skid was used to support the tail of the airplane. While... / Q% }' R* R L2 T6 P& ITAKEOFF POWER (1) With respect to reciprocating engines, means the brake horsepower that is developed under standard sea level conditions, and under the maximum con... TAKEOFF SAFETY SPEED a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one-engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved + N# `; ~0 t. x( ZTAKEOFF THRUST "", with respect to turbine engines, means the jet thrust that is developed under static conditions at a specific altitude and atmospheric temperature... TARGET Object or point pointed by FLIR or radar 3 S1 K, d F: `TARGET CURSOR A symbol on a display, moved by a track handle or similar device, to select objects on the display