RMIT飞行训练课件－GYROSCOPES 陀螺仪

航空

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航空

GYROSCOPES
Aim
• To understand the principles of
gyroscopes and the considerations
involved in their operation
Application
• Used when relying on the gyroscopic
instruments
• AH, DG and T&B
Overview
• Definitions
• Principles
• Considerations
– Gyroscope Errors / Limitations
• Airmanship
• Review
Revision
Definitions
Gyroscope
• A rotating mass, mounted so that its axis
is free to move in one or more directions.
Shows characteristics of rigidity and
precession
Definitions
Rigidity
• ability of a gyroscope to maintain their alignment
in space despite what occurs around them
Definitions
Precession
• the tendency for a force to be displaced 90 further on in
the direction of rotation, from where it was applied
Principles
Rigidity
• degree of rigidity depends upon mass of
rotor, the rotational speed, and the radius
at which the mass is concentrated. So, a
large mass concentrated near the rim
and rotating at high speeds provides
the greatest rigidity.
Principles
• Driving the Gyro
– Electrical
– Vacuum
Principles
Types of Gyroscopes
• Tied Gyro
– is tied to a desired position by an external force.
• Earth Gyro
– is free to move in two planes. Controlled by gravity
and is referenced to the centre of the Earth.
• Rate Gyro
– measures a rate of change.
Principles
Power Sources
• Air Driven
– air directed on buckets to drive rotor. System
is unserviceable when vacuum pump fails,
which is indicated on the suction gauge.
• Electrically Driven
– rotates gyro at higher speed (greater rigidity).
Unserviceable with electrical failure, indicated
by annunciation.
Principles
• Artificial Horizon
Principles
• Directional Gyro
Principles
• Turn Co-ordinator
Considerations
Apparent Wander
• due to Earth’s rotation. As aircraft moves over
ground, the line in space from the aircraft to
North will steadily change. Predicted using 15s
in Latitude
Real Wander
• due to gyroscopic imperfections (lack of rigidity).
Can not be predicted.
Failures
• vacuum failure = AH and DG unserviceable
• electrical failure = T&B unserviceable
Airmanship
• Align gyroscopes prior to use
• Know suction limitations
• Taxi checks
• Be aware of failures
Review