AIRCRAFT GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING 飞机地面除防冰

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AIRCRAFT GROUND
DEICING/ANTI-ICING
Jeanne Cook - Bankair
135.227
(b) No certificate holder may authorize an airplane to take off
and no pilot may take off an airplane any time conditions
are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be
expected to adhere to the airplane unless the pilot has
completed all applicable training as required by
§135.341 and unless one of the following requirements
is met:
(1) A pre-takeoff contamination check, that has been
established by the certificate holder and approved
by the Administrator for the specific airplane type,
has been completed within 5 minutes prior to
beginning takeoff. A pre-takeoff contamination
check is a check to make sure the wings and
control surfaces are free of frost, ice, or snow.
(2) The certificate holder has an approved alternative
procedure and under that procedure the airplane is
determined to be free of frost, ice, or snow.
(3) The certificate holder has an approved deicing/antiicing
program that complies with §121.629(c) of this
chapter and the takeoff complies with that program.
PRECONTAMINATION CHECK
OR
ALTERNATE PROCEDURE
5 MINUTES
FAA TYPE III Holdover Time Guideline
Table 3. FAA Guidelines for Holdover Times SAE Type III
Fluid Mixture as a Function of Weather Conditions and
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE.
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR DEPARTURE
PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN
CONJUNCTION WITH PRETAKEOFF CHECK
PROCEDURES.
SAE Type III fluid may be used below -10C (14F), provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7C (13F) below OAT and aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met.
Consider the use of SAE Type I when Type III fluid cannot be used.
CAUTION:
No holdover time
2:00 0:20 - 0:40 0:30 - 0:35 0:15 - 0:30 0:08 - 0:15 guidelines exist
below 100/0
14
below
-10
1:00 0:15 - 0:30 0:25 - 0:30 0:10 - 0:25 0:07 - 0:10 0:09 - 0:12 0:06 - 0:09
75/25
100/0 2:00 0:20 - 0: 40 0:30 - 0:35 0:15 - 0:30 0:09 - 0:15 0:10 - 0:20 0:08 - 0:10
below 27
to 21
below -3
to -10
0:30 0:10 - 0:20 0:15 - 0:20 0:08 - 0:15 0:04 - 0:08 0:05 - 0:09 0:04 - 0:06
50/50
75/25 1:00 0:15 - 0:30 0:25 - 0:35 0:15 - 0:25 0:08 - 0:15 0:08 - 0:15 0:06 - 0:10 0:02 - 0.10
27 and 100/0 2:00 0:20 - 0:40 0:35 - 0:40 0:20 - 0:35 0:10 - 0:20 0:10 - 0:20 0:08 - 0:10 0:06 - 0:20
above
-3 and
above
Very Light Light Moderate
Other‡
Rain on Cold
Soaked
Wing**
Light
Freezing
Rain
Freezing
Drizzle*
Snow/Snow Grains
Freezing Fog
Activ
e
Frost
Type III Fluid
Concentration
Neat
Fluid/Water
(Volume %/Volume %)
Degrees
Fahrenheit
Degrees
Celsius
Outside Air Temperature Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes)
THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER.
*Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible
**This column is for use at temperatures above 0˚C (32˚ F) only
+ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, and hail.
CAUTIONS:
THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED
IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY
PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE
CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY, OR JET BLAST
WILL REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE
LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE
RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED
WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER
THAN OAT.
SAE TYPE III FLUID USED DURING GROUND
DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR - AND
DOES NOT PROVIDE - PROTECTION DURING
FLIGHT.
Looking at the Active Frost or the Freezing
Fog, you can easily determine the time
benefit of being able to use a HOT
Our goal is to have an alternate
procedure that allows the PIC to be
the person trained in deicing an
aircraft
RACCA has been working with the FAA
for two years regarding this issue. The
FAA is working closely with us in looking
at sample programs. The FAA states
that we should have an approved
alternate program by this winter season.
www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/media/FAAHOT2006-2007.doc - 2006-
11-13