Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV) Implementation

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FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Required Navigation Performance
(RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV)
Implementation
Mr. Hooper Harris
FAA/JAA Annual Meeting
Phoenix, AZ
June 3 - 7, 2002
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Overview
• Definitions and Advantages
– RNAV, RNP, and RNP RNAV
• Differentiation
• Benefits
• Implementation - mitigating risk
• Conclusion
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNAV
• RNAV is a method of navigation that
permits aircraft operation on any
desired flight path: e.g., “user preferred
routes.”
• The application of RNAV techniques
has been shown to provide a number of
advantages over conventional (sourcereferenced)
forms of navigation.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNAV Advantages
1. User preferred routes – tracks that consider pressure
altitude and wind and are not associated with or
constrained by an underlying navigation aid.
2. Establishment of:
a. more direct routes, resulting in shorter flight distances;
b. dual or parallel routes to accommodate a greater flow
of en route traffic;
c. bypass routes for aircraft over flying high-density
terminal areas;
d. alternatives or contingency routes, either planned or
unplanned (e.g., severe weather avoidance); and
e. the best locations for holding patterns.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNP & Advantages
• A statement of the navigation performance
accuracy necessary for operation within a
defined airspace.
• The term RNP is also applied as a descriptor
for airspace, routes, and procedures. The
descriptor is flexible and can apply to a
unique approach procedure or to a large
region of airspace. RNP applies to navigation
performance accuracy within an airspace,
and therefore includes the capability of both
the available infrastructure (navigation aids)
and the aircraft.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
RNP RNAV - Per ICAO Doc 9613
• RTCA DO-236/EUROCAE ED-75.
– Merges the accuracy standard in the ICAO Manual, with the
containment requirements and area navigation functional
and performance standards.
– The containment region quantifies the navigation
performance where the probability of an un-annunciated
deviation greater than 2 x RNP is less than 1 x 10-5.
– The containment region (defined as 2 times the RNP) could
help with safety assessments for separation and obstacle
clearance.
• RNP RNAV will support the development of new
obstacle clearance or aircraft-to-aircraft separation.
• RNP RNAV will enable reliable, predictable and
repeatable ground tracks through standardized
avionics functions.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Differentiation
95% Accuracy
95% Accuracy
95%
Accuracy
95%
Accuracy
Containment
Zone
Containment
Zone
1xRNP
1xRNP
2xRNP
2xRNP
ICAO RNP
RTCA/EUROCAE
RNP RNAV
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Transition Strategy
• In the short term, emphasis should be on RNAV
implementation using all available means
(GNSS, ground-based, and self-contained
navaids).
• The mid term should focus on the transition to
RNP RNAV based on GNSS.
• RNP RNAV is based on the following systems,
where these systems meet navigation
requirements:
– GNSS
– GNSS/INS
– DME/DME/INS
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Industry Requirements
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Operational Approvals
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Public vs. Specials
Public Use
- RNP 10, 5,
2, 1, 0.3
- RNAV IAPs
- DPs and STARs
Specials
- RNP < 0.3
- Alaska Airlines
- Certification &
Aircrew Training
- Equipment
Requirements
- RTCA SC-181
WG13 to address
RNP <0.3
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Cooperative Goal
• Middle Ground is Similar to ILS Cat II/III
Approvals
– public use - however
– special aircrew training/equipment
required
• Build upon today’s RNP Values
– Implement RNP <0.3 where beneficial
– Working to identify priority airports
• Future: RNAV Approach with vertical
guidance can achieve precision like
functionality
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Key Issues for Implementation
• Standardization of publication/charting.
• Means of notifying users of the available
navigation infrastructure.
• Means of managing changes in the
navigation infrastructure.
• DME issues.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Key Issues (continued)
• Means of providing operational status
information to ATC.
• Accommodation of previously approved
RNAV systems (e.g., RNAV FMS).
• Relationship between RNP level and
obstacle clearance.
• Relationship between RNP level and
airspace.
• Navigation Data Issues.
FFAAAA
19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference
Conclusion
• RNP RNAV can satisfy the navigation element
of the CNS/ATM equation.
• Predictable and repeatable flight paths allow
navigation to contribute to meeting the long
term concept of “Free Flight” and in shaping
air navigation as an integral part of the Global
CNS/ATM Plan.