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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08 h# @0 ^7 |- g! N: t, P3 P
PCG-1( G2 S3 `) v. t* m2 M4 T' x+ n
PILOT/CONTROLLER
! x1 ~+ e0 d" g0 A3 uGLOSSARY
! s0 O9 f9 O; p/ C! I4 mPURPOSE% V1 O D, |. t
a. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic
; s2 b9 E. u9 s9 N1 T: d& @' C" _Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms/ ~/ E( S1 U, D$ F5 c7 ~
most frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily. l" F6 Q B) O
defined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of; Q0 A2 {9 U: x$ u% q2 l# V8 I
the Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.
0 T' p$ G2 ?) e* H$ R, jb. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International0 u# i1 M4 f# Z: }5 x' i
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
, r: {* v5 T K$ l" ]5 k4 gfollowed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts L) B Q( M" \0 |% P- G' o
of the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical1 i) C( J; V1 r1 F9 S
Information Manual (AIM).
- O$ v6 T) k2 B) qc. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.& i8 P/ P% p+ f1 x/ s# g- T# T) O
EXPLANATION OF CHANGES4 R0 N7 m$ V0 {1 ]8 _1 e
a. Terms Added:
1 t C6 S6 S" h% r6 AAUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY
: I7 X% y: @: O% N0 Q7 f$ D' xb. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
- [, h6 N% t! z4 e9 r% Jnature of the changes.
: w- r- Y- a$ P: d8 [8 |Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/084 s+ ~$ w% n2 h' }: u- p" X
PCG A-18 ~2 O$ R& ~/ {4 o' H# o
A
1 s& E6 {5 v2 m, ~* y7 {4 aAAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
0 o8 q9 q" a X! ~& Y" H+ B. tAAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)
/ @9 t& }7 a8 P0 |5 \$ gABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An3 M" A% {4 y z5 [0 {* ~' B: h) y
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only$ }, O, z* h9 I4 x( C
that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
/ O, E- `. l3 I& E8 q$ z. M" {includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight# z9 S& b. i) B# P* R
plan information. In certain instances, this may be
- K4 L; y a% o9 L% K3 m+ e8 ?& Zonly aircraft identification, location, and pilot
# O/ E! _8 K7 [! F$ U( t( B% Krequest. Other information may be requested if5 |8 x, A9 ?1 U! E
needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
9 [' O: O' D+ l8 ]7 P4 lfrequently used by aircraft which are airborne and$ x4 D) W$ U( M8 R
desire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are
$ j5 H. W* {! S% f2 Yon the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.5 B$ m" K7 `5 v9 I1 u4 c
(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)
( y2 E& D# R" M3 F) B(Refer to AIM.)4 X4 g, |1 {5 @$ N+ W+ D; v
ABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or
2 l8 v3 y7 w' H- `# ^object when that fix, point, or object is approximately# a* |; |" I3 d- h3 j8 q! r" [+ b
90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
' l6 s+ S/ o/ a6 c8 {. l& PAbeam indicates a general position rather than a
Q7 |8 \9 z# d" _ Qprecise point.
1 H% B3 P# v0 W" e6 R; kABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft- \4 `* {+ B( }% D* e- s
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.
: z9 ]1 n, _) U: A/ pACC [ICAO]-) v& ~, l) ^& ?4 X* z2 Q
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)+ B+ b2 |% Z1 l9 o& i* h2 _: G
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-8 g5 Z; d* `8 t* z5 G
The runway plus stopway length declared available
5 y& s5 K- d: R2 |/ xand suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of
/ b7 B, \+ n: r( L" L3 Tan airplane aborting a takeoff.1 D- n1 H% N8 a9 j; s
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE
0 n: Y H& H* D4 a* Z3 u9 r[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus
0 I# @3 e# s+ U$ o1 N: `5 B/ ~the length of the stopway if provided.
; i9 R5 M2 b+ i* E+ IACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)
! F3 X9 }* Z# F- `( C( H- X8 rACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have! ~# u( \6 G2 u) u
received my message.5 `7 x6 X+ {. y9 A/ f1 w0 i x
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)6 ~/ T( a8 Q' M+ O) Z' c+ ~8 {
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you
7 h$ s+ _5 z) F! k/ {& }* X% jhave received and understood this message.
0 }! Y9 h, l2 |7 T% TACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
9 f: K' Q& `0 H' k! qACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING1 _* F. N: b8 X0 r3 Z! d
SYSTEM.), N2 e/ r2 P! s/ K" y; n: m
ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)
/ n7 g+ w/ j: O. Q' B MACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver3 N# E Z: n' u
involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an: y6 b; V* } L. X) D- e( g
abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not
% m& {* | [; c1 K, V3 Pnecessary for normal flight.& o" `/ O3 M( n7 v2 g% f6 q" J# l
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)% R* d! {, |- k; r, Z
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
4 h+ a& G( H' j! K: x7 |* uACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐
: z& V4 f) ~, O# s& |# Xtionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
) w% V" w' r* N% P: X5 c% M8 i" u8 U( |change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an8 H/ B+ G: n! K) l1 |9 S+ d) R1 D
abnormal variation in speed.6 }6 G' [1 T5 u+ `( a
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY+ h3 z5 Z8 c0 M8 B: b& }6 H
RUNWAY.)( B7 m3 Y) [/ j% S$ l
ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-
" X) U! V; \9 A# h+ Z- P$ ?6 dACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An; M( l E) E# O! H& ?2 {4 ^) ^. k
actual time determined at freeze calculated landing
- r7 u% t+ f q) H: i" c! I* h0 utime (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for; C) v* i- r: O8 X7 c. Y1 W
the adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
5 @' q( D' x8 |! j# \. Brunway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport
2 L/ @% N# j3 garrival delay period, and other metered arrival
9 \* T" T' n: Z- daircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival) i; c' n* W8 a; n, u0 _* t
(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated
7 Q- T3 B( g- g( K3 J( wlanding time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft
/ V1 W. ?3 A3 }# i8 gplus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is1 H2 j7 j. s# p9 o1 @( Q
later. This time will not be updated in response to the3 Z/ T& S; H# l' L$ K- \: f6 j
aircraft's progress.
0 }) t8 s! i" Q: P; X# ?0 r. g3 }ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
4 r: Y: W( `$ b5 g+ E& a& e% }(ANP)-
2 r+ t* f5 L% P1 o: Y! x(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION }: \! v2 x" |$ L2 O- U1 D
PERFORMANCE.); [' x; J6 }# S
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information' E8 m5 h$ n5 V4 ]& h ]
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to3 r: j& w2 b2 m/ g6 V: j5 L) z
the following:8 Z( b* R( ] Q' ] A% D, x* b. `
a. Traffic advisories.3 H; s! r/ i1 o l O' \) v
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
- r/ H( n+ b+ l) _# [aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed' ]) K S" u( ]3 ^5 s8 d( T
traffic.
# f/ W7 H3 U/ Z& LPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
2 {5 P5 g$ q8 g) x: i. }0 DPCG A-2' \% Z; \ r+ U1 j+ d. ?8 S! G
c. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or
& E- E: n( ^( r' H! `3 {5 A& ^more from an assigned altitude as observed on a
z! R' B! i1 N, t# O- Wverified (reading correctly) automatic altitude
+ j! G1 N, _$ xreadout (Mode C)./ B/ t, Z# I! F7 O- }2 |) {
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.& [- ]$ E+ J, C6 d% t! n# r
e. Weather and chaff information.
5 E5 h+ k/ `7 t/ Qf. Weather assistance.
' R0 E- f. ^% M( g* ]7 H Gg. Bird activity information.
, c3 V* q g0 P0 Z1 k' yh. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐
- R3 |# {. G. Y3 avices are provided to the extent possible contingent
8 h$ G. I7 q2 G' D8 e! {only upon the controller's capability to fit them into \8 ^8 L* m2 f# H( S4 G
the performance of higher priority duties and on the& H0 |0 L. T4 U9 I* r! T2 u( O) Q
basis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
: Y' d& K U; ~$ G; }+ x1 b7 F8 Hfrequency congestion, and controller workload. The9 l7 |6 w+ n7 ~3 Y7 p
controller has complete discretion for determining if
4 r7 R( o. q/ x9 l- K% A: ohe/she is able to provide or continue to provide a& Y! L1 |+ d- Z2 m1 A
service in a particular case. The controller's reason5 ?( f6 W4 M w0 Y J% {( W: [, Y
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a7 a0 S& ?, U$ y( u8 W5 A$ f) k
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
- @. G0 W4 J# ~! \& tand need not be made known to him/her.( J; N! O6 Q6 a
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
& p: f' b; q) I8 R(Refer to AIM.)
8 T4 O q1 W# RADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)8 ^$ I. @' C) O1 t! B
ADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
) H9 P# _: u) JADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)" N8 @9 n& |% O; j6 B1 k
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐- C+ q; ^9 i5 L- E* f0 k. X
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated2 q" o" a. R5 r: N. a [
his/her authority in the matter concerned., c: K& o0 b5 @7 }0 _8 ?* n( V
ADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
- t b1 U* O' E# C% j+ z, IADS [ICAO]-
. k' C$ x z R(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
+ j, O, A; v$ L* t" S7 {" F) l0 JSURVEILLANCE.)
: H" j3 Y C* i* dADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT6 N; l" u. t# \0 c6 l$ ~! B& X
SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)! e; X$ p% n- v
ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT) y b- b) O* k! e- g
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)) ^7 }) o2 k G5 ^/ d" k! W
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to
+ J5 {/ Y/ L! B0 R- wdo.
5 `7 s2 P, Q, b6 k, TADVISORY- Advice and information provided to! U7 n w- K& q& u9 q% U# ]- ~, f8 A
assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
1 o9 T: _" e3 zmovement.
: }& z! t5 ~# k0 f* O(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
/ i2 f" Q; B2 P! W# d$ P7 b aADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐* c9 d& L' E$ U5 o
quency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.+ e) E$ q# {! E
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
4 v2 g& c* B G9 y6 u7 N(See UNICOM.)
! v& u$ t; E* M(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)
- J( v( N! Q) t9 O7 ]" Y(Refer to AIM.)
/ c8 A: L3 W- E# V5 M' ?* ?0 XADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information2 b0 @' v) l* M( ^& u# X
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe
y) U9 }& |- e; s% f! oconduct of flight and aircraft movement.0 Y" v' X8 k0 h- ]6 e8 j6 x
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
; m9 w9 p* t& B& ?' z1 Q- K(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY
$ M3 }1 f: f* O! T- JSERVICE.)
2 a0 {; D9 ]% H& I: _(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)" x& i: ]$ J3 Q$ i
(See RADAR ADVISORY.)* E' a6 e8 w! }0 X3 d8 Z2 |: N
(See SAFETY ALERT.)" m I' r9 X* u8 y5 ] ?/ B5 }
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
, w- g* e" e' V$ v(Refer to AIM.). ]9 q3 a. t! q" m1 \
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the2 W. M: d1 }% d, L! \ }; W
military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another
& A9 b0 m' l* _4 }during flight. Y& _* H" q, h/ a2 Q8 \$ {9 I: ^
(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)- l. u) g) W4 g% y# [
AERODROME- A defined area on land or water2 D* ~) ^/ P2 h N$ A, m3 J, f
(including any buildings, installations and equip‐
! E4 _1 N8 ?" z, h- M- m- oment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for `, T) t8 \, i! q7 G# o- ^
the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
/ y& ?* V% @* F, B) E" U$ L7 z4 NAERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical L2 P, @4 R1 T' y0 o1 u
beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome% p& \" |5 s2 V5 r/ V8 O! ~, j
from the air.% m% S- w& e& q3 f7 H. r$ r
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air
) M. e1 F8 e& @0 Vtraffic control service for aerodrome traffic.( w8 ~% @1 ]) s
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A" a2 d+ I6 ]: \$ v
unit established to provide air traffic control service
2 Z7 F) R8 Y0 X9 N! O8 ]to aerodrome traffic.
- R$ s( }+ A& X. ~( i5 p" k6 m' e9 tAERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐4 P2 \( C* _4 a$ ~# q& E$ e* R
tion of the highest point of the landing area.$ d9 B: \) g! @( i# G7 e- e
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The
$ X0 v+ q9 z6 x2 i1 b! w/ zspecified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the; R5 }& j* E3 ?: y, J! y
vicinity of an aerodrome.! i) h `4 ^6 @' S! ~* X5 j H
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID' e3 x' W4 \6 U/ m2 }2 }# E
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
% q3 d& B/ f) L9 b. O; T; vindicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
$ _+ }+ I6 ]" l8 L: T7 ~Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/089 H1 k2 d4 B. i% q5 ]) H
PCG A-3
5 F, Q+ |# o* L& {4 R- @landmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in) s2 e$ c9 O, K& n
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.4 i( O. h- ~) E- O0 v, [5 j- I
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.); ?1 J" T C+ |' m
(Refer to AIM.)" Y0 j$ ^$ z8 U6 Y" d
AERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air% Y; m" N% U0 [' b' A3 `9 L, b
navigation containing all or part of the following:
$ \0 \5 o/ J& _: k: p% Z. Htopographic features, hazards and obstructions,: w& s0 W& Q9 [& ?3 T/ {+ `
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
7 q) ?$ c# `6 E5 ^$ cairspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical
' f* d0 g' R7 t4 D- Ncharts are:
i: h" S" i) v9 v0 J, V& Na. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-- M7 ?4 E+ j9 I. |
Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium
. @6 `; W. T) n! c; o& mspeed aircraft. Topographic information on these
4 y. j3 v% `; ~' t4 Ycharts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious- b$ D: F, n. Y$ Y4 L
selection of visual check points for VFR flight., P5 r. X/ a. D" t, ?! O
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio, Q& _! y/ ]& c! I3 Q. `8 a
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,3 p( b4 s/ N; l4 w4 c' q
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
( l. [( ~ k- h) g# }4 Tb. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-5 I o2 u1 B& \6 L+ |* _7 @; b
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the# j9 K7 L3 K. ]4 e
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class
; F2 s" s' c5 q; L* P. c3 lB airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐
4 R; }- j: D! ?: g1 i- A8 Gtion and aeronautical information which includes
, h: F U) [$ M* v- mvisual and radio aids to navigation, airports,2 j* Z2 r& n- W* K+ i
controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,
: u& _0 q+ s6 k) {and related data.
, k- k3 P& x4 H; T% z! y c! Ic. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
0 q" Z- G7 I8 S; ^(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐0 z: ]8 k+ ]0 u- a' K
tical charts covering land areas of the world at a size
! G* @, `) a3 J3 l. U' Aand scale convenient for navigation by moderate7 C( n0 p1 E' _ s8 F# v
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes% F( b4 o ]' v6 y. T8 m/ {& c* [
cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐8 } D# l; d4 B8 J& x
tive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical
4 K0 b) V f5 dinform ation includes visual and radio aids to
! M% h$ k. c: E4 {# tnavigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,; v+ n1 p3 |1 c- Z
obstructions, and other pertinent data.
5 ?9 \$ S: n& ^' Dd. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
0 n, ~3 m: n" b/ z" w; [) caeronautical information for en route instrument! \/ l; D; ~; l5 T$ u
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.7 V# W7 q. s" k) x
Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits
6 k/ j, Z, s4 R; c9 u, tof controlled airspace, position identification and5 w0 T7 Y/ d8 Q3 s
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum( q2 \ y6 V1 x. d5 y
en route and minimum obstruction clearance
' e! ^# Y0 {. z" V! valtitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐2 n' s% C8 ~; {6 a
stricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are7 u+ `7 R& f) x5 f y5 W
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger! v. O( `3 M. G" K
scale in congested areas.
9 e" P6 Z: V& @e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
4 z8 {6 E9 @: Y0 F5 |aeronautical information for en route instrument
4 t0 T: V: G2 u+ `8 L/ \navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.
" Q3 u1 ~# E- y; l8 d KInformation includes the portrayal of jet routes,: M1 c1 W* L) ~+ t$ g+ W9 n' y
identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
, r: x& p z; `2 p9 Kairports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,/ d) ?8 Y g4 v. R5 u1 v) x2 n- F
and related information.( }" u$ W' e3 _, _9 T- G0 T' t
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-
2 {1 o! j# C& c9 e7 ^5 l/ KPortray the aeronautical data which is required to
, q2 s' D( I3 u! \8 g% t) M) iexecute an instrument approach to an airport. These
8 \/ @+ w3 ^+ ~7 \charts depict the procedures, including all related, v% \4 ^- Y1 w# G
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is2 ?' q6 l; O$ C( L" n0 Z1 A
designated for use with a specific type of electronic) }4 n: j( x( Z P
navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,! M. w) R5 Z1 T
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by
/ |1 ^8 S; k4 @* ?the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final3 [% n: s) G$ q2 S4 w1 q- |
approach guidance.# Z* T$ [$ l- u4 G1 N2 b3 H- G
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-% |3 S+ V/ k! y6 D
Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to4 R* a# M' a. e3 L5 @1 g& w6 @
facilitate transition between takeoff and en route
- F% D. W, N! F ^5 Soperations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart% r1 f5 x8 U, @1 V/ h
and may serve a single airport or more than one
$ z2 b1 F/ C2 d3 l$ @$ I \airport in a given geographical location./ z# c' ?0 c5 N
h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-+ Z2 K8 l9 p8 o: f2 n" d! Q
Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival; t% ]) p" u6 J {# _! W( Q
procedures and to facilitate transition between en, [3 h7 \4 c$ n6 k* l5 Q. O
route and instrument approach operations. Each
" C# v6 E; i9 h0 b5 F9 ^STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and; b+ P1 \$ {3 @" F) Q6 q# @0 s
may serve a single airport or more than one airport in
5 x$ H9 _, d9 K% V* b2 S9 ga given geographical location.2 z3 D& S7 c; `5 Y
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the" l, G5 w) `. `' [
efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.
/ h* t8 X+ U: a8 G/ HThese charts are identified by the official airport
/ O7 b7 F7 {! Y# l( h( l' r$ lname; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National) \0 \- N% o/ }' u
Airport.! p2 F$ F+ H: V! s6 K
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
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