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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08
) ?) l$ k; |* Q7 u# aPCG-11 A, o: f/ Y. `) N, q: L! B3 P
PILOT/CONTROLLER
9 {" o& l* t% y; q- AGLOSSARY+ @/ F/ _$ u6 L2 \& h
PURPOSE
) k+ n0 z E6 \a. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic# @! n2 ]4 U9 a! W) A/ ]+ a; Y# D
Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms
: s6 l0 P k$ A! }0 i6 D* {+ Q/ G' Tmost frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily3 \& n, P: F( }. m
defined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of; G% f+ T# O+ }- m, B6 Q6 X* H
the Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.* B4 [2 `1 D! {, O' N6 a2 X
b. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International
* o/ k: {) P8 r+ v* TCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are5 W- p$ U3 J+ }: e, c
followed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
+ V1 |, k$ m1 o6 |1 X* pof the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical
" P5 u) Z# A8 v1 T' IInformation Manual (AIM)." J2 `8 o# ], B. z+ n
c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.
/ D) p- T) C* p! Y0 v# wEXPLANATION OF CHANGES
8 t. c3 N" b, b1 { Z! ~9 R8 [! Za. Terms Added:6 Y% y" [, ]1 J; d* ]
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY
# K7 M' L) ?* ?( b& q8 Nb. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
1 o' E! n" v+ _" m! }8 gnature of the changes.
8 E _1 _! T) V; Y7 \2 O; u- [* QPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
+ l+ U: a b6 d" K/ tPCG A-1( D0 Q2 q( J9 P
A' i! I) O# I! z9 `; E4 t4 m
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
/ k9 D4 {; ^3 y+ l# iAAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)4 `: E3 D, `8 ]# R, y- n
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An( F' _ I! S. R! q0 ~
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only
* \6 e$ T" b& c7 g. _9 o/ m/ E4 t, Xthat information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
% v' f a/ B2 B0 ]* ]9 eincludes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight( i# ]+ l1 N( e% b
plan information. In certain instances, this may be
3 c: c: }6 {, ^% u0 t# G% }8 R4 y9 zonly aircraft identification, location, and pilot F+ G2 }$ {! W
request. Other information may be requested if
) e$ s4 j( }; lneeded by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
# F; g2 Q" ?/ O/ A3 T+ T6 J3 \frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and
5 ~, X6 F& l. u9 Adesire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are h" a1 Z! V4 ^1 n
on the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.( M2 |+ l4 I9 X/ u" E$ b, n
(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)6 P2 P+ ]! R9 T2 |
(Refer to AIM.)
, K& \$ s! ?/ f0 KABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or% w q0 L/ J" d, x; O
object when that fix, point, or object is approximately
/ y/ C) S, N; K( K90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
: p0 d8 f8 c) Q: @$ x2 oAbeam indicates a general position rather than a
& D+ K( d; d2 @precise point.
I; x: F( p. K) sABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft) g: W" O' V' S# P% V4 X
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff., z5 m& r' x% ^8 \
ACC [ICAO]-
+ h# }; C* r6 R: ^) E6 H(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.) c' B& S1 l' |- {1 w4 \3 l% e. a- L
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-1 p0 T6 w' X8 q8 U8 i7 o3 x
The runway plus stopway length declared available2 Y- P# S7 d" I6 g7 u0 K* \: b. @
and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of# M8 N/ W( p! E" f( s( e3 U
an airplane aborting a takeoff.5 |/ h" n% J3 O8 {" s: ^5 m
ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE0 V$ A! e, s6 c2 M* J
[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus1 d0 X' O4 B4 ^$ R0 T
the length of the stopway if provided.
, n4 u4 y; B- O' tACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)
' d) I% q8 O f/ M7 |ACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have$ F# a6 f9 m9 `) o5 ]. x0 D
received my message.
$ W/ h' Q, I% Y9 H/ y(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
3 w. ?- n, f! @. f0 A. rACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you: D; E: W" i2 x# t- z
have received and understood this message.
8 g4 L0 I+ H5 j0 XACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.), T3 l m. z2 n
ACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING
. t% r( Y! v/ } F/ x2 QSYSTEM.)+ r0 y2 p8 |% G8 c$ U
ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)
5 y( F, N; T9 Y' P; b: vACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver
4 i! b/ y. E: f/ K) v! Cinvolving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an
: g1 N6 y: H* A: b$ ~6 Oabnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not7 e( `& N2 I" ~( n
necessary for normal flight. x; X% J- x% I7 t
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
1 S: a# Q# p$ `# M(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
/ F8 b1 f" d% b* JACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐
0 X1 C/ ?6 I. ]. Ationally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
[1 u$ v5 U" j3 u3 M6 o6 X+ vchange in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an% {' V! G" Y& j# q5 E
abnormal variation in speed.
4 v6 Y0 d* j6 L4 J' j6 Z9 HACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY" w% f0 ^3 b: e) M' i8 ]& c
RUNWAY.)
( B/ j a, T3 n8 y; IACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-- K' ]1 @: \9 O' X
ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An
! @3 V+ k( E* S& E, V$ aactual time determined at freeze calculated landing
; D! `# N+ A: [: o$ g, Dtime (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for0 c% r" A/ Z' v) m7 u3 B
the adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon- o$ l1 ~4 @* t: _+ D. h9 w. }8 {& ^
runway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport2 N1 D' Z" L9 q: r# d/ Y) u4 Q
arrival delay period, and other metered arrival
/ r# V1 o3 U: w4 j* N. Daircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival. W" n4 }4 c# y
(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated! ~* a( M1 B# d# q; s. g
landing time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft9 {2 k5 ?9 M. x) R0 S. ^
plus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is
I- [ ]/ d0 a6 Rlater. This time will not be updated in response to the4 [3 h# i1 U2 U- i' e4 V9 U
aircraft's progress.
1 `7 |5 C8 a. [( tACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE$ Q8 |1 `* K( ~4 j
(ANP)-
" b `, K1 _! c+ Q4 f(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION; R+ ~% F6 }% n
PERFORMANCE.)) U( P6 v6 x$ R
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information
) {- _( |$ s# P. a( _6 a; Aprovided by ATC which includes but is not limited to, H7 C% C/ e$ ?* L! L
the following:
) }9 J3 I/ g0 Xa. Traffic advisories.3 L$ N6 P; Q5 g7 y1 x
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist% o) A1 {+ H, v8 Y. c! |
aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed% M3 e. d3 N: M4 s/ z
traffic.
( i7 \: G( E" |+ {1 n+ r+ ~2 bPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
0 F. W; @& m+ X! m! NPCG A-2' ]1 p, L6 V. f9 a" w) o+ {
c. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or- Q0 W3 x0 z; ? G
more from an assigned altitude as observed on a
! W6 U0 I' z" }verified (reading correctly) automatic altitude" p# G. r6 R+ z
readout (Mode C).% I! D. i, L0 v5 @& X8 Q6 m
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.1 n* v9 ?/ u0 R5 n, F6 ~/ R
e. Weather and chaff information., w7 |9 F7 E! \) ~9 T7 I3 B8 a" Z
f. Weather assistance.4 I( Q* C W; M% k7 a' a+ b
g. Bird activity information.7 J" v/ y5 R# G# [
h. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐
6 Z" V$ ^3 u1 }6 |; @vices are provided to the extent possible contingent! L/ _( ~. L+ Q6 x, I* V2 t
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into
9 j" t% R9 l. l% B) U: v7 F7 U: y hthe performance of higher priority duties and on the0 V* y s1 u( s' h! l) T8 d7 W
basis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
3 _. h# `, ?, G. gfrequency congestion, and controller workload. The
3 y g: n7 n% _) Econtroller has complete discretion for determining if
! i. ]0 G, d# H' c5 ~he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
# a/ Z$ U G7 V0 Q. @# z! cservice in a particular case. The controller's reason: @# r$ l" s1 v8 U8 _, K6 M$ H
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a3 u( |* w: \7 [ Y. M
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
0 k8 j' p q3 `; Rand need not be made known to him/her.
& `2 E+ F* m" l7 f+ w(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
* _ r8 ~: f: A2 S% j(Refer to AIM.)
- _! K \8 O2 o# X+ fADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)
4 u' r& N0 l k) }8 qADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
7 H* k3 a: z. t! GADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)" E9 _# y% }" P
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐9 n; i. {2 [3 C0 y2 b
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated
& ^+ F; w1 ` l# dhis/her authority in the matter concerned.
: `! }" [# X7 E& S0 k2 J1 yADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.) D1 g$ ^0 [) x& {. m
ADS [ICAO]-
* z6 d; [- g+ x% y(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT8 X: V% V' \/ D( k6 H3 |4 L* l D
SURVEILLANCE.)& N- M7 O P4 c5 D3 D' W6 W
ADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT6 m/ h9 p6 c: `+ D5 c
SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)
" I4 ^2 i2 O* g+ R W& ?ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT" j- x0 H& ~) q2 q, J# {
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)" }, B: G8 W# b4 E" F P
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to5 K/ Z- l# F$ y
do.; g6 x0 w: ]* i
ADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
8 Y% k/ b; I' C2 _! Z6 b$ S- b, E7 vassist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft( ~! d6 y$ a/ n! _/ c
movement.
0 _# m$ @9 z, \6 ~(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
' O& u1 \. A. |ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐
6 [4 o: N7 s) D+ f5 h1 Z8 _+ x, Nquency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.* L4 y5 _. J \: C# b: |, O/ o
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
3 d$ M" n; W. X N9 z2 I% K(See UNICOM.)
- @) [7 c5 S1 A! Z0 y(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)6 p. F' [6 m. |* c8 E" E
(Refer to AIM.)
% B! Z$ n9 j6 i) D0 w: E; m' |ADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information3 P5 `3 Z: Y" ?- m3 I
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe
$ @7 F! a( P3 [; S4 zconduct of flight and aircraft movement., p# j8 p, v0 x
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
( Y& `; C8 l. A! M5 S: I(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY% e8 \+ K2 X! Y% A- a6 ~9 m* E, \* O
SERVICE.)
c* |0 O+ ]9 C( @' a7 F(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
- [1 O+ O/ _" G$ h. B; y, H( ~(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
$ F7 @/ J' x# @0 \' ]: u# t X(See SAFETY ALERT.)
+ g8 F& i2 z) m* g f4 b6 ~1 ?/ R(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
+ M4 ^7 Z& N: `(Refer to AIM.)' I3 R: ^" r' i1 A% O
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the
3 Q {8 [, B1 t) `/ d+ I9 ~4 Ymilitary to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another
6 E1 r3 x5 n8 g8 c% Dduring flight.& W( N( ?" ?; ]1 m7 y( _9 I" Q
(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
, c! j) Q0 P- n5 sAERODROME- A defined area on land or water
6 _) q* Q7 g6 C& B(including any buildings, installations and equip‐4 P3 u P/ P' V C9 f, S
ment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
) H) ]6 i2 C, w8 z; M+ {: h* { j# }the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.9 U, {2 @6 ^$ y' C/ O
AERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical$ e8 N% [) g: }2 d. [
beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome# D$ U* J' W, \2 {* m9 D2 [9 C
from the air.' ?, E7 V1 f* }; N- y
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air
* M0 e) B% }$ ^+ a* ctraffic control service for aerodrome traffic.! m8 j0 |2 j% d6 _. N2 D
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
4 _. ^: X& C: h5 n0 i8 ^- Ounit established to provide air traffic control service
5 N0 s% i' b$ E I# {to aerodrome traffic.
, P% Q1 y1 ]! t3 r& j# oAERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐
" D; ~5 g8 l" O1 a# f; \2 J" @tion of the highest point of the landing area.
) b' d1 e: ~9 k* x' h: vAERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The6 O. a% ~9 M+ \" D' N
specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the8 e, X9 b# C6 z* \
vicinity of an aerodrome.! l) T( J. X C y: K' h
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID1 V# V2 k% ?0 p
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to# C) \7 F0 ?, M, P( @
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
' i- }( a/ Z: VPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
, r9 g, C8 R7 I. ]$ C; A XPCG A-3
" y( \, v3 @9 L- Klandmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in! @1 y- v3 S2 v! j6 n( J5 k
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
# r# j% @. q5 h8 w4 G, Q( j(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
; q! w& D3 p' J8 J(Refer to AIM.)8 Q1 j2 e: z* Z- A8 f
AERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air6 T2 K, r) _6 Y9 I) {# @ K
navigation containing all or part of the following:1 s/ Z9 E9 ^/ k! K! i
topographic features, hazards and obstructions,
$ q7 a* j1 T' J" C% nnavigation aids, navigation routes, designated3 c, {; ~8 O7 K8 h) y. G
airspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical
! c( l& I" L+ ?! w2 {8 X0 |4 u( D* |% ]charts are:* \ w0 s- |) I' P2 {
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-6 G, D2 t+ P+ O' W# k [
Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium
: e: B, c$ h% ~' _3 ?& mspeed aircraft. Topographic information on these6 e3 i/ h% ]4 D! B3 w, w" u
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious# V1 {- q0 U' C* Q1 f
selection of visual check points for VFR flight.1 z5 \" z' \/ I0 U& s" V H
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio8 G) N! K0 ~6 z' }
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,9 i \0 \8 c5 J8 i# g* ]8 l( J% z
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.- v! j# L, @+ z* m
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
+ i F: z6 ?. z9 w" ?2 l) Y" zDepict Class B airspace which provides for the
# o- j. H/ _" w: Econtrol or segregation of all the aircraft within Class4 H7 T/ P% U/ V' f% q" Y" E3 r/ Z
B airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐
, g9 W) G3 a: h/ d/ rtion and aeronautical information which includes
0 V7 _% F. @8 yvisual and radio aids to navigation, airports,
& Q2 \! I( e$ D0 |: qcontrolled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,( G2 Z% W8 i9 E) U2 }
and related data.
# ^5 p; Z6 j: i2 N7 U* ^5 Z* D1 Yc. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)9 u6 z. ^5 ^) _/ K* q$ |
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐8 F2 z* j6 j. N7 T7 I% F
tical charts covering land areas of the world at a size% l$ W7 g z) ~
and scale convenient for navigation by moderate1 ]7 Q0 c5 \6 `* C9 f5 k# V
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes
H# ~/ b0 }: G4 a! g3 o# a' Ecities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐
4 _& N4 t$ x E6 `tive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical
. Z9 l8 _3 y+ d1 B4 r5 X5 G! Linform ation includes visual and radio aids to
+ P8 h( T+ s6 n' F1 gnavigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,
- M1 Y/ H- h+ oobstructions, and other pertinent data.& X0 _; [2 \ Z4 P) r
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide8 `* q, X1 o8 ]' r/ P4 O2 J
aeronautical information for en route instrument* L) {9 {. M) X1 ? i. j6 m/ W1 E
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.
) L: {2 p/ N# g* ?Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits! I$ {0 k1 G4 Y$ Y
of controlled airspace, position identification and
- \& z1 ], M& T' Zfrequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum% Y( o1 k. E; c& U) D3 j
en route and minimum obstruction clearance
w3 }( L8 A. \. Z0 `! o& Z6 c) qaltitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐4 @& H- ^) v; ~/ ?/ _7 g
stricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are, n" D h: R# h# K( C
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger: O# K- V+ H3 W9 Y: C/ m
scale in congested areas.& G* w" p# m, c4 U! W' p* c5 f
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide8 Z) J1 ~4 d, C; M
aeronautical information for en route instrument& d4 t1 X5 j3 ?
navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.
# K- J9 b$ e% ]: T9 g$ M4 ~4 b* m) rInformation includes the portrayal of jet routes,
1 V- Y f6 W" ?0 v# oidentification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
" C. z0 z" {; o: c0 P: n x* g M& \airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,; C) z9 H8 @6 v- S0 e
and related information.
9 q' z2 p2 {* w6 R/ Xf. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-
2 a( t, L6 N8 g( o- u! T1 n) EPortray the aeronautical data which is required to
1 {: D% P3 V, ]2 }% J$ y) X& hexecute an instrument approach to an airport. These
" n5 j5 R2 G" ]6 W. o' q6 ]charts depict the procedures, including all related7 \/ ?5 S S U3 Y2 k
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is
u) J$ n6 v6 ~+ Q4 Ndesignated for use with a specific type of electronic% P4 A( j3 g- Y, @" i6 R& B
navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,% H# S% A' e! p& E% g% o
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by: U/ B! f# X2 C; @' L9 y
the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final
7 v& Q! [8 H1 s( Yapproach guidance.& f9 ]/ A, \' }/ l/ g9 ]" R* m
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-. Z8 X& K6 A$ }6 p0 _: U( P, ] @: x& [
Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to
! z% x; e2 k/ \1 v2 u0 H2 Ufacilitate transition between takeoff and en route
9 `$ w1 T( ]1 R: Aoperations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
5 z' R. @# F" F: z% Y7 A# f* @0 Cand may serve a single airport or more than one
3 b' n: K# J3 ?8 r. wairport in a given geographical location.
5 e/ ?; T5 P/ K! Kh. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-
# u7 l4 T0 v U K. y- MDesigned to expedite air traffic control arrival5 z. t K: X* C
procedures and to facilitate transition between en
* ]! `+ q" K8 ?' d/ Proute and instrument approach operations. Each
" q1 Y( N# `# w- g! H( dSTAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and. y+ T" W$ o3 Z2 n
may serve a single airport or more than one airport in
, ?- h6 z) `. Q1 `) n" qa given geographical location.5 k2 z1 m/ K9 _5 r5 q7 N
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the- ~- f2 g$ Y( G' ]+ k. g
efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.
4 U+ d3 _) c, t" B) P( ^ S- vThese charts are identified by the official airport' y; D% G$ F* m* m
name; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National+ L( S0 f3 B& s! g1 a! W- E2 y
Airport.
J8 S" Z8 w7 Q# u6 I! S(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
|