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Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08. `; R$ w$ S$ `+ g! T8 }
PCG-13 b6 v3 {! }' f( J
PILOT/CONTROLLER
( ]/ C' K& y! Y+ I& [! f9 AGLOSSARY1 G( W/ V3 Z2 H; ?. L K# A+ d
PURPOSE
% u& m; R+ C: T3 g% Ja. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic
! V6 E6 N, a2 l: M6 k1 z8 @# Q" [3 mControl system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms
+ n$ ?, J# C& t6 r2 Gmost frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily. ^9 m% T4 y9 g& ^- N/ l/ ~' k
defined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of, O* \7 L G9 o0 i5 |
the Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.8 }# a6 d4 d8 v. K
b. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International
+ W: ]) M% w2 B8 }% [, OCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
5 M" u# F' G& C* u+ Ufollowed by “[ICAO].” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
1 u; B$ d) C1 f. J/ t0 Dof the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical$ n8 C y% Y$ x& x, J2 c
Information Manual (AIM).
, @% W4 |) Q$ i: u7 \c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.# O( \2 w7 y9 `4 \; X
EXPLANATION OF CHANGES9 U7 l/ r" s' D- m& B6 H3 q, P$ H
a. Terms Added:
; W) v- ~2 v, V2 K7 T9 B- SAUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSS ONLY
# q1 b+ F3 d6 Y9 rb. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
9 g8 p$ i. I2 n1 ]7 O; Nnature of the changes.
6 b1 ^1 { D0 d" \Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
& T: K) w) b" X) U# ^$ L; LPCG A-1# x U2 X+ n: @) c
A& u6 R6 T! c- z8 S* O! A
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
+ [/ ]) B3 Q% ~6 @. zAAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.): g' L/ e' A. P+ O# m2 D
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An# O2 y" k: H4 w" ?& m& D
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only* K3 _+ a7 p: w- ?6 | S
that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
' Y5 V. a4 i5 z& H6 W* J w' X8 fincludes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight
( W9 v* [. P, ~2 J* p. p0 Dplan information. In certain instances, this may be
) ^ H+ D+ D' A0 i3 x; @) Vonly aircraft identification, location, and pilot+ p$ z3 C! q; M* |. }" t* F
request. Other information may be requested if
; c& g+ l) z' ~7 oneeded by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
% C; T5 c& G! [5 W" P- Tfrequently used by aircraft which are airborne and7 u- G. ]& l7 G+ S6 {. M: c
desire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are
+ q1 g; M* Q: U2 Aon the ground and desire a climb to VFR‐on‐top.
) M, n1 u- ?, q: x! j$ g/ c(See VFR‐ON‐TOP.)* M( F+ v) u8 Z! B8 Y- s
(Refer to AIM.)
( \( n+ U; Q5 `3 qABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or& N1 \2 j* _* k
object when that fix, point, or object is approximately! A- ]9 a/ s$ }, W$ [" ~) S
90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
8 H& K9 K+ ^% O! \( LAbeam indicates a general position rather than a5 c( N/ o( m6 k, x) j
precise point.
7 d5 O% Q0 m+ A0 p: DABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft- U5 A# a, @5 @" @9 o, O
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.+ q* N3 E) F: n5 l3 w" X
ACC [ICAO]-) m8 W0 s( J% S0 c, k, M2 X
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)
8 l! g) _7 n$ d0 d5 }# MACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-
, t$ {7 e9 z7 j$ M$ ^& wThe runway plus stopway length declared available/ U- k! w! y- c" A: i* S
and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of
# b# s+ Q: n& w. g2 can airplane aborting a takeoff.
- F3 |* D8 t0 {$ F; ~ACCELERATE‐STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE+ E2 E" b/ o" x ~$ Z
[ICAO]- The length of the take‐off run available plus
, H0 W B9 ]; Bthe length of the stopway if provided./ N9 v$ c* i# V6 q) d* L
ACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)5 k4 Y1 W& J& K0 \
ACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have0 ] c7 ^, [+ x4 J
received my message.
b J) J, k* k+ p6 d(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
; _2 H4 C* c' W% `- s0 b$ EACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]- Let me know that you
4 C% }) _; [1 K" G$ }. D5 K% X. phave received and understood this message.
* M9 |7 F5 \, n) v' L3 UACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
5 R' }$ ^ ?. A6 zACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING5 \3 T% K- I0 k. r% N S5 c
SYSTEM.)* ]7 \; h; H; @0 M3 M0 Y
ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)" i7 H0 B$ o; r# M) @% l
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver8 ]5 ?+ W/ V% C
involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an3 R) @) h0 F2 U, r
abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not$ h- f/ y9 h3 [& W* C
necessary for normal flight.
+ w ?+ A5 _4 Y8 e(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)+ u; O+ _8 j: }9 z% K% }# k
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
$ S% Z0 } D( Q8 }ACROBATIC FLIGHT [ICAO]- Maneuvers inten‐
6 t/ O- F+ `3 Z" E$ m2 ?tionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
! M9 x6 [9 w0 w" `: N. C L' tchange in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an
2 V) j, H( D# [5 B6 `abnormal variation in speed." [. p! A3 A' M0 }0 U& |2 k
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY0 [# M% l# M; K+ g2 z
RUNWAY.)
2 @% I: c' t$ [1 hACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-
1 v+ R# f; ]6 i) p# |- G9 GACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An
0 [ c9 T8 `0 E: m- o' m2 v& \) Gactual time determined at freeze calculated landing5 T. m2 H* X# X6 i4 K
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for
4 Q& H" w; g- D$ A0 Tthe adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon# d0 B. N/ z& j0 _) T
runway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport) t W* {8 I2 O
arrival delay period, and other metered arrival( L, o7 K4 h( U% C
aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival
1 ?6 `$ N8 ^! ?, ?(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated
3 Y# U& i! e4 {9 slanding time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft
* X! u6 R2 s' a% V% q& g% ]7 kplus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is0 M! \$ U6 p! R- E: H! T, L
later. This time will not be updated in response to the
]: J7 d0 j' [/ z# baircraft's progress.) q5 | {/ e& ~' J# Q& p
ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE4 R) |0 U3 c! \) l' }) V
(ANP)- _, y, Q" \0 C$ A" h. i( A. Z9 K
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION
& O& `4 l' k# t. V/ M) {/ K# uPERFORMANCE.)6 R) X/ o: N: l9 V: c
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information( @: T5 S! B* I% V5 j# q
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to
i/ Z# v- i- B' C1 {- ]the following:
/ L( `# W- a& @4 q/ J$ d ca. Traffic advisories.) {4 v! h" ^* O, f* i* b9 [
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
. s( F* n/ H$ _; ~. u& Xaircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed j; e; v# [3 n& u. G- Z$ F) r N: Y. d
traffic.0 ?- K% m0 B. x/ N& ?9 ?
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08( H1 p6 }2 G2 r$ W- `3 B) z
PCG A-2! n. M. }6 I" \9 w, ?# \
c. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or
! C/ k6 @2 |9 N# @( W- X4 qmore from an assigned altitude as observed on a
* o1 t0 V! Z4 M; i: Qverified (reading correctly) automatic altitude
1 q6 m1 i9 q+ T, i2 x, c. Greadout (Mode C).
% I( v# Y' p7 h# J/ W( ~d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.- N1 c6 w$ d" X8 b: l
e. Weather and chaff information.
# g$ X/ V, w, if. Weather assistance.0 C& F% @5 B9 w0 o+ }8 {7 P
g. Bird activity information.7 G' h4 s/ a' C6 V* |2 B( I+ k2 i8 v* J
h. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional ser‐& g5 [$ {0 h: J# ~9 X
vices are provided to the extent possible contingent
! R5 S: D6 r0 w; E2 ~7 Q% t' vonly upon the controller's capability to fit them into) T$ R* [4 W5 S) K( G0 E+ ]/ \1 q
the performance of higher priority duties and on the5 o3 p T; O! [8 v6 D* O
basis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,. W. T! `7 h6 n8 r* i- B
frequency congestion, and controller workload. The& ~' }" }/ q% v; h# t% F
controller has complete discretion for determining if
0 C# ]0 j& y) g3 C Ihe/she is able to provide or continue to provide a1 E( [1 j5 c8 ~' j0 }, g4 c8 O) l& q
service in a particular case. The controller's reason
' F, V- x: b- H8 bnot to provide or continue to provide a service in a
$ _5 G$ K {6 r# Z4 ^particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
! R& h' V( Y7 G/ k% Fand need not be made known to him/her.
7 ?' a. \8 B% G(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
% L3 Y6 R2 I+ b3 d4 }; B(Refer to AIM.)
- w( s' {4 V1 U3 N; d3 V* qADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)! c5 | V+ x6 ^
ADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)& x+ Y4 Z$ ^3 x Y/ y) t$ V- C, N
ADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)
* H. e& m' t& D2 QADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Admin‐, U, ^% y6 m; i; u2 n$ J; V
istrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated
' h1 @/ L( D0 m) @his/her authority in the matter concerned.4 G# Q2 n' q. k# O& M% s' a+ h
ADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
3 P% A% b. F$ s, P& @ADS [ICAO]-
. d- {1 D7 i( C7 L; j( _9 Q(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
7 a- o- r; ], ~- s: p. |* cSURVEILLANCE.)
" W$ M' N* B7 l. _8 x( t/ l3 wADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
/ R' D: l5 j! T4 n+ f1 pSURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)
* d1 x) d2 m$ A0 ~ S* D, MADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT9 S' n$ ^/ u6 O+ [: K
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)0 x7 @$ J$ E$ F# o0 T
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to
7 _! t9 C3 y) j, a- ?5 kdo.
' x* T$ x" ^# wADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
6 r3 N5 l3 D9 n aassist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
: G% e5 p) X- hmovement.
' G4 y* d; y+ o( ~* I' d) c(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
/ F1 w; X- [0 f* Q) FADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate fre‐4 T2 i$ Q5 d5 B8 ]8 l- V
quency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.
& t# |$ T, J. e(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
C1 w+ Z. t% h2 {(See UNICOM.)" m \! j" `. `3 G% h7 b
(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90‐42.)* T' P2 m; {0 `( M3 ]
(Refer to AIM.)
Y# K3 H$ w r) |) ^: F3 c1 YADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information! B; a0 T) B' B! f
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe
, \0 r* {- A- t/ |: d! Rconduct of flight and aircraft movement.
* i! ]4 |, ~. T+ V, N(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)& C6 @2 r$ t5 @; v0 g& V/ D
(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY6 c3 A: A6 Y8 B( j3 a9 P6 w% \
SERVICE.)
) x# @7 `, X( w- C6 }% A( K(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
1 U& ~7 M4 ^; g0 j- M/ g5 E8 `(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
% u. H4 G2 o) [% x: d0 b- |2 l(See SAFETY ALERT.)0 n8 m- s) i7 S0 e" h, b/ S9 Y2 n( f
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
% Y$ y% \" }$ L6 ?9 |$ p# x2 g) @(Refer to AIM.)
3 ]) d: ]' K! VAERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the* |5 n; W @- h b. V: G+ }5 Y# K
military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another
8 h* z, `7 e$ fduring flight.
: ^* [- N5 B! b% M" h6 _/ R(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)0 @. [8 m8 s1 J6 @/ c
AERODROME- A defined area on land or water
/ t% O7 m: r# z* \" t6 q I/ }(including any buildings, installations and equip‐
) C' I1 h4 v+ d& f% `. R- [ment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
# r9 }1 S1 Z4 x6 Xthe arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
) m3 G: S9 c+ f$ s! }7 oAERODROME BEACON [ICAO]- Aeronautical
5 g i2 O" q# | |6 ~beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome4 w. a( Y4 Q( G$ N( E0 g1 H
from the air.
0 t( S" S0 M! g9 P/ c& ]AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air( ]8 s \$ U" w0 V6 n' ?0 I
traffic control service for aerodrome traffic./ e+ n0 R. O1 K5 I
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A
( `' X5 \7 e! x6 K$ P& q0 k1 h; Runit established to provide air traffic control service0 P0 @; v( w0 h/ {
to aerodrome traffic.2 b$ p& [0 a4 X! [0 Q+ |8 |& u. k
AERODROME ELEVATION [ICAO]- The eleva‐
: k+ R* z# B8 `9 I2 Ition of the highest point of the landing area.( d' F% }; W; j4 d" B
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The
) J/ t- k8 s; Pspecified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the9 k/ a1 o4 v. Q7 q( W5 W7 y# z
vicinity of an aerodrome.8 N3 E8 B. b" n% g( }" Z. k( p
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID
" I, R: ]% ^1 P0 Z! udisplaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
! L: p- a6 O" X" J! b3 P, f* g- _- {indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
. Y1 c; x7 B- D. Q8 h9 TPilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
' G2 ^' \- h& r' VPCG A-3
& A3 w/ ]) e# a! R; ilandmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in
# B8 Z$ j# B2 o; c; }2 omountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
7 J/ v1 Y. Q4 c x! h(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)2 o, D# U9 \ u G1 h
(Refer to AIM.)
4 v5 [6 n2 ?, T. |5 C+ I. S' w+ uAERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air
6 s2 j) Y/ s1 m( w4 P- bnavigation containing all or part of the following:
& P' \+ }& e8 _: o. I3 H( w' w6 }topographic features, hazards and obstructions,2 m0 I6 ^# G7 T' [, @% b
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
. p# u6 B1 J$ Sairspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical" X8 G) x/ F$ H! w, t, g! L5 n+ o- C' x
charts are:
) _& d. Y! E2 r/ i# Ga. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-
6 U. M2 C/ U) N% ~! y( j9 ZDesigned for visual navigation of slow or medium: S8 L: V; X7 K2 R0 H/ Q+ w
speed aircraft. Topographic information on these1 c$ t& N0 c* h9 y/ S
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious
5 T& _* k$ L/ z% k. v: c3 p! gselection of visual check points for VFR flight.' T$ @ r2 p6 e3 T
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
8 N/ c4 p$ @) k2 r) N, Naids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,. s h2 Y( J: ~8 \9 |: j/ l- ?
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.+ q2 w4 Z- A) n1 }+ {$ X3 l
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-% d# E8 q/ { ~1 k% ]1 x. L( S
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the& v: P/ t: `, n' E* Z" w
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class( `# C4 A& |7 l* H0 t
B airspace. The chart depicts topographic informa‐
5 N+ T" ]- v& P$ Btion and aeronautical information which includes
. C `- R$ G' f1 gvisual and radio aids to navigation, airports,
; N% S1 [- r+ z0 hcontrolled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,8 T. J- ~, k& K" N. F1 e" n$ {8 b
and related data. [& @1 E1 O+ A! ~
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)' |5 ?; f$ E+ x0 W0 _" N
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronau‐
' e9 }, l, z2 s$ l4 e2 p( jtical charts covering land areas of the world at a size
, w! C; t; ?7 q: O/ r6 f( Qand scale convenient for navigation by moderate
0 C: r E9 V R) W. m Z; Ispeed aircraft. Topographic information includes- p' n# I6 U5 D+ H2 E% G
cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinc‐
5 z. e0 _0 M- m4 M) P0 n! otive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical
7 r! d5 K: I1 Minform ation includes visual and radio aids to f' N4 W1 E/ v
navigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,& z6 j8 K0 `& H% `6 w
obstructions, and other pertinent data.
: h/ B' t9 {( l& Id. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide, i2 i$ Y, D8 ~: \; E% s; {
aeronautical information for en route instrument6 }' B; w2 r6 \2 T% q9 t
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.6 c$ d! T/ ^, r8 ]+ E+ q
Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits* G7 d' `0 @" Q: R# _; D( W
of controlled airspace, position identification and
5 c' }( V) ?* M ~- [; r, nfrequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum
$ L/ i: u$ D- E" ?8 d1 Yen route and minimum obstruction clearance
* B, r' H( @" h' {( V0 ~altitudes, airway distances, reporting points, re‐1 ]8 \- }! }. q6 ?1 ]" q7 j
stricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are
. G3 L) R1 E" X8 Z; F5 F. ya part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger
* V- g2 S- Y( X- W. ]( g0 Mscale in congested areas.
: f6 V$ C. e8 M2 {& [ Je. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
: R7 _1 m) n- Q/ ~0 j4 {5 n4 x' Kaeronautical information for en route instrument
4 P2 b! v7 Q3 t- w$ M/ a. l9 }navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.3 D, f, O; m n# P
Information includes the portrayal of jet routes,
$ n- d8 r) N) W, C* ^( H$ ~identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
2 i5 q4 H: w4 y" Z9 `( W2 L8 dairports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,
, G7 A- x8 }! o; G0 t- xand related information.2 ~3 H/ R& I# }- |
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-! i4 L1 H) I7 m) b4 o& N
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to
0 E J/ ] ^# l3 g- e4 Wexecute an instrument approach to an airport. These
]0 `8 M% g/ E- ^* `4 ?* w; @charts depict the procedures, including all related3 e4 H# ^8 s6 y s' F+ h
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is9 ?7 M @; Y `% A$ [) t
designated for use with a specific type of electronic
( S, u$ X- ^1 X, R) I/ Q" `( ynavigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,
* U* F% p# R% i, xILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by. a1 L% S" y; V+ v! q+ P4 B8 y9 f
the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final
. } u7 n! L/ o4 j$ k5 tapproach guidance.8 S' p1 f+ j4 p% @# w
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-
4 n+ \0 \% O4 m7 v) `2 EDesigned to expedite clearance delivery and to
" t9 V) B; d: P+ L! g1 ~5 afacilitate transition between takeoff and en route, T. p! R- b8 ?0 H9 T
operations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
+ g O6 n" |0 q" Q( eand may serve a single airport or more than one
: c- l3 N) G& R. u2 A+ b3 gairport in a given geographical location.$ D, b1 A0 V5 ?. k8 i1 V! o
h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-, S7 x1 s. }5 Y# x) O s0 b
Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival
* B) L+ ]' |) Z$ m+ T1 lprocedures and to facilitate transition between en! K9 r2 Z, B6 z" z: w( r' ?8 R
route and instrument approach operations. Each
. E( q! m4 e' V7 H! sSTAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and) s3 j! f+ ?) U& `6 H
may serve a single airport or more than one airport in: q2 o. i7 S8 K) h, |
a given geographical location.
. f1 h# o+ U0 r( t0 g, @i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the
. ~3 F, j" T0 p8 A3 ^efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.
1 k; h6 \+ O9 E3 b6 y4 _; aThese charts are identified by the official airport* C# k1 ]; z8 V6 \
name; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National9 J4 U7 V- r% b# k
Airport.! V# w& C& p) p* z1 o
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.) |
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