Boeing 747-400 Flight Management System Pilot’s Guide

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These modes can be selected with the Thrust Limit (THRUST LIM)

page on the Multipurpose Control Display Unit (MCDU). The selected

Thrust Reference Mode is displayed above the EPR/N1 indicators on

Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS).

The Thrust Reference Mode automatically transitions for the respective

phase of flight. During climb CLB 1, and CLB 2, derates are gradually

removed and begin a thrust increase at 10,000 feet to reach full CLB

at 15,000 feet. In cruise, thrust reference defaults to CLB or CRZ as

set by maintenance. The reference may be manually selected on the

Thrust Limit page of the MCDU.

2.6.5 Flight Displays The Flight Management Computer (FMC) is the primary source of

data for the ND when operating in either the PLAN or MAP modes.

Navigation data and position data for the ND is supplied to the

Integrated Display System, which generates the required symbols

and interface signals for the ND.

The data supplied by the FMC falls into the categories of map

background information and airplane dynamic data. Map background

data includes the flight plan and the location of waypoints, stations

(navaids), airports, and selected reference points that are in the ND

selected field of view.

The dynamic data is related to aircraft motion with respect to the flight

plan. This data includes tracks and ground speed, Estimated Timeof-Arrival (ETA) and Distance-To-Go (DTG) to the next waypoint,

range to altitude intercept, Magnetic (MAG) and TRUE heading,

offpath descent clean and offpath descent drag data, present

position, waypoint bearing, flight path angle, vertical deviation, and

computed winds.

When Vertical Navigation (VNAV) is engaged, the appropriate flight

mode annunciation is displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD).

VNAV SPD is displayed when the aircraft’s speed is controlled by the

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elevators. VNAV PTH is displayed when the aircraft is maintaining

FMC altitude or descent path with elevators. In descent, VNAV PATH

deviation scale is displayed on the ND. VNAV ALT is displayed when

altitude is constrained by the altitude window setting on the MCP. When

reaching a point on the VNAV profile to begin a climb or descent, with

the MCP altitude window set at the current altitude or when reaching the

altitude in the MCP altitude window before the FMC target altitude,

VNAV ALT is displayed.

The FMC thrust management function provides the appropriate

autothrottle annunciation on the PFD: Speed (SPD), Thrust (THR),

Thrust Reference (THR REF), IDLE, and HOLD. Speed and thrust

targets are supplied to the appropriate instruments to drive the

target bugs.

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2.7 SOFTW SOFTWARE ARE AND DA DAT T TA A BASE The Flight Management Computer (FMC) software includes FMC

Operational program, Navigation data base and Performance data

base that characterize the B747-400 aircraft.

The Operational program is organized into modules which execute

the following Flight Management System (FMS) functions:

Navigation – Radio autotuning, position, velocity, and wind data

determination.

Performance – Trajectory determination, definition of guidance

and control targets, flight path predictions.

Guidance – Error determination, steering, and control.

EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System) – Computation of map

and situation data for display.

MCDU (Multipurpose Control Display Unit) – Processing of keystrokes and display pages.

I/O (Input/Output) – Processing of received and transmitted data.

BITE (Built-In Test Equipment) – System monitoring, self-testing,

and record keeping.

Operating System – Executive control of the operational program,

memory management, and stored routines.

The FMS Performance Data Base is to reduce the need for the pilot

to refer to a performance manual during flight and to provide the FMC

with data required to transmit pitch and thrust commands to the Flight

Control Computer (FCC) and the Thrust Management Computer

(TMC). The performance data base is also used by the FMC to

provide detailed predictions along the entire aircraft trajectory. The

data stored in the data base includes accurate aircraft drag and

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engine model data, optimal speed data, maximum altitudes, and

maximum and minimum speeds. A performance factor may be

entered to refine the data base for each aircraft by entering correction

factors for drag and fuel flow.

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The FMS Navigational Data Base includes most of the information

the pilot would normally determine by referring to navigational charts

and maps. This information can be displayed on the Multipurpose

Control Display Unit (MCDU) and/or the Navigation Display (ND)

map or plan. The geographical area covered includes all areas where

the aircraft is normally flown and the data can be custom-made to the

individual airline’s requirements (sometimes referred to as airlinetailored data).

Airline-tailored data can include company routes, including an alternate

destination to the company route, airport gates, custom navaids,

runways, procedures, waypoints, and fuel policy.

The standard data is data that is public property and may be obtained

from ICAO and government sources, etc. This standard data is

updated periodically and as a result, is updated on a 28-day cycle

which corresponds to the normal revision cycle for navigation charts.

Each update disk contains the data for the new cycle, and the present

one, which provides the airline a window of time in which to load the

new data base.

The data base part number (which identifies the customer, data

cycle, and revision number) and the effective cycles appear on the

data disks. This information is displayed on the MCDU IDENT page

after the navigation data base has been loaded by maintenance

personnel. This loading is done with a data base loader.

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2.8 MUL MULTIPURPOSE TIPURPOSE CONTROL DISPLA DISPLAY Y UNIT The Multipurpose Control Display Unit (MCDU) is the interface unit

between the pilot and the FMC. It is used primarily for long-term

actions such as flight plan monitoring and revision, operational mode

selection, insertion of weights, winds, temperatures, as well as

performance data initialization. It provides FMC readout capability

along with verification of data entered into memory. Flight plan and

advisory data is continuously available for display on the MCDU.

The MCDU assembly provides a full alphanumeric keyboard combined

with mode, function, and data entry keys. The keyboard assembly

contains advisory annunciators, two integral automatic display light

sensors, and a knob to adjust display brightness manually.

See Figure 2-8 for an overview of the layout of the MCDU.

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Figure 2-8

Multipurpose Control Display Unit

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2.8.1 Display Functional Areas The display functional areas of the MCDU are the Cathode Ray Tube

(CRT) display, Line Select Keys (LSK), Brightness Control, and

Annunicators. Refer to the MCDU as shown in Figure 2-8, for the

following explanations.

2.8.1.1 Display The CRT display screen has 14 lines with a total of 24 characters per

line. The page format is partitioned into four areas:

TITLE FIELD – This field is the top line of the display area. It

identifies the subject or title of the data displayed on the page in view.

It also identifies page number and the number of pages in series,

e.g.,1/2 identifies page as first in a series of two pages.

LEFT FIELD – This field is comprised of 6 pairs of lines, 11

characters per line. It extends from the left side of the screen to the

center. The pilot has access to one line of each pair through a LSK

on the left side of the MCDU. A line pair is made up of a label line and

a data line.

RIGHT FIELD – This field is similar to the left field, extending from

the center of the screen to the right side. Pilot access is available by

a LSK on the right side.

SCRATCHPAD – This field is the bottom line of the display screen.

This line displays alphanumeric data or messages. Data can be

entered with the alphanumeric keys or the LSK, or by the FMC.

Scratchpad entry cannot be made with a FMC message in the

scratchpad.

Scratchpad entries are independent of page selection, and remain

until cleared even when page changes occur. Scratchpad data

entries and erases affect only the associated MCDU. Messages can

appear and be erased on both MCDUs simultaneously.

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2.8.1.2 Lines Select Keys (LSK) There are six LSKs on each side of the CRT display. For reference,

on the left side, the keys are identified 1L through 6L ; the right set

of keys are identified 1R through 6R .

A momentary push of a LSK affects the adjacent line on the

respective side of the MCDU for data entry, selection or deletion.

Transfer of data from the scratchpad to the line next to the LSK, if

acceptable to the FMC, is accomplished by pushing the LSK.

The LSK calls up the first page in a series of pages corresponding to

subject on line next to LSK if entry is preceded or followed by a caret

( ). This LSK can also select procedures or performance mode as

identified.

2.8.1.3 Brightness (BRT) Control The BRT control knob allows the pilot to manually increase or

decrease the light intensity of the MCDU display. The brightness of

the back lighted keys is controlled by a remote flight deck control.

Annunciators are controlled by the master-dim test system.

2.8.1.4 Annunciators There are four annunciators located on the keyboard, two on the left

side and two on the right side. These annunciators display the

following:

DSPY Display (top left) – The WHITE display light illuminates when

the active lateral or vertical leg or performance mode is not displayed

on the current MCDU page.

FAIL Fail (lower left) – The AMBER light illuminates when there is

a fault in the FMC. The MCDU detects that the FMC has failed or has

stopped proper transmission to the MCDU.

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MSG Message (top right) – The WHITE light illuminates indicating

to the pilot that an FMC-generated message is displayed on the

scratchpad, or waiting to be displayed when the scratchpad is clear.

Pushing the Clear CLR

key extinguishes the light and clears the

message from the scratchpad.

OFST Offset (lower right) – The WHITE light is illuminated when

LNAV is based on a parallel route offset from the active route.

2.8.2 Alpha Numeric Keys These keys enable the pilot to enter letters and numbers into the

scratchpad successively from left to right. Alpha and numeric keys

may be entered together as required.

2.8.2.1 Slash Key /

The /

key is included as part of the alpha keys and is used to

separate pairs of entries in the same field. For example, airspeed and

Mach (280/.720), wind direction and velocity (240/75), bearing and

distance (180/20), or airspeed and altitude (250/10,000). The trailing

entry of an entry pair, must be preceded by the slash if it alone is

entered. The leading entry may be followed by the slash ( / ), but it is

not required if the leading entry alone is entered.

Slash protocol is that the field closest to the center of the MCDU

screen requires the entry of a slash ( / ). The field adjacent to the line

select key has optional slash entry. Where no ambiguity can exist in

the data entry, then the slash ( / ) entry is optional on either field.

2.8.2.2 Space Key SP

The SP

key inserts a space between words or characters that are

entered into the scratchpad, or between words when entering

messages directly into the lines when using the MCDU for other

subsystems operations, such as ACARS. The SP

key is not functional when the FMC-MCDU is used with an FMC.

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2.8.2.3 Plus/Minus Key +/-

The +/-

key enters numeric characters into the scratchpad. The first

momentary push of the +/-

key inserts a minus sign into the scratchpad. A second push of the +/-

inserts a plus sign. Subsequent pushes

change the sign in sequence, providing no intervening pushes of

other keys are made.

2.8.3 Function Keys Function keys control the contents displayed on the MCDU. This is

accomplished by the execution of pilot inputs and requests. A brief

description of these function keys is listed below.

EXEC Key – The Execute

EXEC

key is the command key

of the FMCS. It contains a light bar that illuminates

WHITE whenever a modification or activation is pending.

This key is used for activating the flight plan, changing

the active flight plan, or changing the vertical profile.

Flight plan activation requires a two-step procedure: (1)

Select the “Activate” prompt on the desired Route (RTE)

or LEGS page (which illuminates the

EXEC

key light bar)

and (2) Press the

EXEC

illuminated key.

Changes to the active flight plan or the vertical profile

also require a two-step procedure: (1) Entry and review

of provisional data (which illuminates the

EXEC

key light

bar) and (2) Pressing the lighted

EXEC

key to activate the

change.

NEXT PAGE Key – This key causes the MCDU to display the next higher page number in multiple page

displays, however; if the last page in the sequence is

displayed, returns to page 1.

EXEC

NEXT

PAGE

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PREV PAGE Key – The Previous Page

PREV

PAGE key causes

the MCDU to display the next lower page number in

multiple page displays.

Availability of other pages accessible by the

PREV

PAGE or

NEXT

PAGE

keys is indicated by the page number in the upper right

corner of the MCDU page. 1/1 is displayed only on pages

which may, through expansion, utilize the

NEXT

PAGE and

PREV

PAGE

keys.

The action of changing a page does not alter or erase the

contents of a scratchpad line entry.

CLR Key – The ClearCLR key is used to clear messages

and data from the scratchpad or an individual data field.

If alphanumeric characters have been entered into the

scratchpad, a single momentary press of the key erases

one character at a time starting with the last displayed

character. A momentary push of the CLR

key also clears

messages displayed on the scratchpad, one message

per key push. A longer key press (one second or longer)

erases the entire contents of the scratchpad. The CLR

key

extinguishes the message light after the last message

is cleared.

DEL Key – Pushing the Delete DEL

key inserts the word

DELETE into the scratchpad, if the scratchpad is blank.

Line selection into an appropriate data field via LSK

replaces entered data with blanks, dashes, SMALL font,

or boxes. Not all information can be deleted.

The DEL

key is a special purpose key. The delete function

is operational only on specific pages. Any data or message

in the scratchpad renders the DEL

inoperative. The

scratchpad must first be cleared with theCLR key. Pressing

the CLR

key cancels the effect of having previously

pressed the DEL

key.

PREV

PAGE

CLR

DEL

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2.8.4 Mode Keys The Mode Keys control the type of page displayed on the MCDU and

these keys are the means by which the pilot gains operational access

to the FMS. These twelve mode keys are describe below.

INIT REF Key – Pushing the Initialization/Reference

INIT

REF key selects the first page of a series of pages used

to initialize the position of the FMCS and the IRS, plus

various pages of reference data.

RTE Key – The Route RTE

key provides page access

to route 1 or route 2. Pushing the RTE

key selects the

page for entering or changing origin, destination, or route.

DEP ARR Key – Pushing the Departure Arrival

DEP

ARR

key calls up index of series listing all terminal area

procedures in the navigational data base for departures

before traveling 400 miles, or for arrivals after 400 miles

or midpoint, whichever is less. This page allows for

entering or changing departure and arrival procedures.

ATC Key – The Air Traffic Control ATC

key selects the

ATC/ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance status

page. The ATC

key may not be operational and a push

of this key would display the “KEY/FUNCTION INOP”

message in the MCDU scratchpad.

VNAV Key – The Vertical Navigation VNAV

key provides

access to the Climb (CLB), Cruise (CRZ), and Descent

(DES) pages for evaluation or modification.

FIX Key – The FIX

key provides access to the Fix

Information (FIX INFO) pages. These pages are used

for creation of waypoint fixes from intersection of the

active route and selected bearing or distance from

stored waypoints. It is used for the “point abeam” the

named fix.

INIT

REF

RTE

DEP

ARR

ATC

VNAV

FIX

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LEGS Key – The LEGS

key provides a page for evaluating

or modifying lateral or vertical details of each route leg

with reference to speed/altitude crossing restrictions.

The LEGS

page controls the route segment displayed on

the associated Navigational Display (ND) when the ND

is in the Plan (PLN) mode.

In the event of an FMC failure, the LEGS

key provides

access to the IRS LEGS page of the MCDU.

HOLD Key – The HOLD

key calls up the page for entering

or exiting a holding pattern. This page also allows the

pilot to modify a previously built holding pattern.

FMC COMM Key – The Flight Management Computer

Communications

FMC

COMM key is not operational at this time.

Pushing of the

FMC

COMM key displays the “KEY/FUNCTION

INOP” message in the MCDU scratchpad.

PROG Key – The Progress PROG

key selects current

dynamic flight and navigation data. This includes

estimated time of arrivals and fuel remaining estimates

for the next two waypoints and the destination or an

entered waypoint, such as an alternate.

In the event of an FMC failure, the PROG

key provides

access to the IRS PROGRESS page of the MCDU.

MENU Key – The MENU

key provides access to other

aircraft subsystems through the MCDU, such as FMC,

ACARS, Satellite Communications (SATCOM), Airplane

Condition Monitoring System (ACMS), and Central

Maintenance Computer (CMC). It also provides access

to the alternate control for the EFIS control panel and the

EICAS control panel in the event of a failure.

LEGS

HOLD

FMC

COMM

PROG

MENU

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NAV RAD Key – The Navigational Radio

NAV

RAD key

selects page for monitoring or modifying navigational

radio tuning. In the event of an FMC failure, this key provides access to the MCDU backup navigational radio page.

2.8.5 Page Formats and Data Labels Pertinent FMCS formats and data labels are displayed on the MCDU

pages that are selected by the function and mode keys. Two sizes of

type (font) are used on the display pages. Typical page formats and

data labels are illustrated in Figure 2-9.

RAD

NAV

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PAGE

TITLE

DASH

PROMPTS

PAGE

NUMBER

PAGE

PROMPT

LARGE

FONT

ENTRY

LINE

TITLE

BOX

PROMPTS

WAYPOINT

PAGE

NUMBER

SCRATCH

PAD

LINE

SMALL

FONT

ENTRY

G3641-21-005#

Figure 2-9

MCDU Page Formats

Rev 1 12/96

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The following are explanations for the data labels and page formats

referenced to in Figure 2-9, MCDU Page Formats:

Page Title (LARGE font) – Indicates the subject or title of data

displayed on the MCDU. ACT or MOD may be displayed to indicate

whether the page is Active or Modified.

Scratchpad Line – This is the bottom line of the display. This line

displays FMCS-generated messages, keyboard entries, and data

being moved from one line to another. Scratchpad messages allow

for easy identification and corrective action, if required. A scratchpad

MCDU message illuminates the WHITE light MSG annunicator of the

top right side of the MCDU. These MCDU Messages are summarized

in Section 6, MCDU Messages.

LARGE Font Entry – Indicates crew-entered data or crew-verified

information. LARGE font may also represent certain navigational

data base entries.

SMALL Font Entry – Represents predicted, default or FMC calculated

values. When adjacent to a LSK, the data can be changed by crew

entry, which changes the SMALL font to LARGE font.

Line Title – Identifies the data displayed on line(s) below it. The line

title is displayed in SMALL font.

Data Line – Contains box prompts, dashes, brackets, computer

generated data (SMALL font), or crew-entered data (LARGE font).

Box Prompts ( ) – Indicates data entry is required for

minimum FMS operation. This data entry is performed through the

use of the scratchpad and the corresponding LSK. Entry into a box

prompt data line is displayed in LARGE font.

Dash Prompts ( ) – Indicates data may be entered to

define navigational or performance parameters. This data entry is

optional, and is performed through the use of the scratchpad and the

corresponding LSK.

Page Number – The first digit indicates the page number and the

second digit indicates total number of related pages. For example, 1/2

identifies page as first in series of two pages. This data is in SMALL font.

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Page or Action Prompts ( or ) – Indicates the next logical page

or pages in the flight plan progression, or pilot-initiated action, such

as, an early descent or an engine out climb.

Waypoint – Waypoint is on the selected flight plan route and is

displayed in LARGE font.

2.8.6 Data Entry Data must be entered into the scratchpad from left to right with the

alphanumeric keys. As a rule, the display field or data field acts as an

example format which, when followed, results in successful data

entry. After scratchpad entry and confirmation of correct data, pressing an LSK transfers data from the scratchpad to the data field. Data

entry formats which are not obvious are explained in detail as they occur

in the following sections. Data units of measurement (for example,

lbs. or kgs.) are set for the carrier through connector pin wiring.

For specific formats, it is possible to transfer information from a data

field into the scratchpad by pressing the LSK when the scratchpad is

empty. The data can subsequently be transferred to another data

field by an appropriate keyboard procedure, or cleared from the

scratchpad via the CLR

key.

2.8.6.1 Button Push Processing The two FMCs of the dual system communicate with each other over

a private intersystem bus. Each FMC receives button pushes directly

from its own MCDU, and button pushes from the offside MCDU. The

left FMC is the button push master FMC, normally. The left FMC

sequences button pushes in the order received, and transmits the

button push messages via the intersystem bus to the right FMC. Both

FMCs, therefore, process the same data simultaneously and do not

start a new button push process until both FMCs have confirmed

completion of the last button push. Each FMC processes the button

pushes and updates its own MCDU directly. This allows both pilots to

operate simultaneously on the same or different MCDU pages, and

to enter data on different pages or on different lines of the same page.

However, only one flight plan modification at a time is processed.

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2.8.7 Navigational Display (ND) Symbology Active Waypoint Identifier

Airport Identifier and Runway

Airport

Airport and Runway

Waypoint Active

Waypoint Inactive

Active Flight Plan Route

Modified Flight Plan Route

Inactive Flight Plan Route

Active Waypoint Route Data

Inactive Waypoint Route Data

Holding Pattern Active Route

Holding Pattern Modified Route

Holding Pattern Inactive Route

Off Route Waypoint

Magenta

White

Blue

White

Magenta

White

Blue

Magenta

White

Magenta

White

Magenta

White

Blue

G3641-21-006#

SYMBOL DEFINITION COLOR SYMBOL

Short

Dashes

Blue Long

Dashes

AAAAA

KABC

22L

KTEB

22L

AMBOY

AMBOY

MLF

AMBOY

KILMR

AMBOY

KILMR

AMBOY

KILMR

KILMR

12000

0835Z

KILMR

12000

0835Z

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2.8.7 Navigational Display (ND) Symbology (cont) Active Route Procedure Turn

Modified Route Procedure Turn

Inactive Route Procedure Turn

Active Offset Route

Modified Offset Route

Altitude Range Arc

T/D (Top-of Descent)

S/C (Step Climb)

E/D (End-of Descent)

Energy Management Circle-Clean

T/C (Top-of Climb)

Magenta

White

Blue

Magenta

White

Green

Green

Green

Green

Blue

G3641-21-007#

SYMBOL DEFINITION COLOR SYMBOL

Green

T/D

T/C

S/C

E/D

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2.8.7 Navigational Display (ND) Symbology (cont) Energy Management Circle-

VOR Tuned

DME/TACAN Tuned

VORTAC Tuned

White

Green

Green

Green

G3641-21-029#

SYMBOL DEFINITION COLOR SYMBOL

Speedbrakes

Green

250

070

Fix and Bearing Distance

Information

ABC

IRS Position White

Trend Vecotr-(Dashed Lines) White

*

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2.8.8 Initial Power-up Operation With initial application of AC power to the aircraft, the MCDU MENU

page is displayed. This page provides access to other subsystems

that use the FMS-MCDU. The active system is indicated by the status

text message in the data line next to the system (see Figure

2-10). Other systems requesting the MCDU display in the

data line. The indicates that the non-active FMS-MCDU

controller requires pilot action.

To select the FMC system, push the LSK next to the data line showing

power to the aircraft. If the FMCS has been in use, then the same LSK

push displays the last page used by the pilot.

G3641-21-008#

Figure 2-10

MCDU Menu

2.8.9 Flight Management System Terminology The following information describes the unique terminology which is

used to describe the flight crew interaction with the Flight Management System-Control Display Unit (FMS-CDU) and the Flight

Management Computer (FMC).

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Active – Flight plan information that is currently being used to

calculate Lateral Navigation (LNAV) or Vertical Navigation (VNAV)

guidance commands. The active waypoint is the point the system is

currently navigating toward, and the active performance VNAV mode

is the climb, cruise, or descent profile currently being used for pitch and

thrust commands. ACT is displayed on the respective page titles.

Activate – The process of designating one of the two routes as

active. It is a two-step process, pushing the ACTIVATE LSK and

pushing the illuminated

EXEC

key.

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Altitude Constraint – Refers to a crossing restriction at a waypoint

on the route.

Econ – Is a speed schedule that is calculated to minimize the

operating cost of the aircraft. This ECON or economy is based on a

cost index that is entered into the FMS-MCDU during preflight on the

Performance Initialization (PERF INIT) page. The cost index is

determined by dividing the operating cost of the aircraft by the cost

of fuel. If fuel costs are high the number is low. A low cost index results

in a low economy speed.

Enter – This is the process of typing or line selecting alphanumeric

characters into the MCDU scratchpad line and then line selecting the

information to the desired location.

Erase – Is the removing of modified LNAV and VNAV path from the

system by pushing the line select key adjacent to the word ERASE.

Execute – Refers to making entered information part of the active

flight plan by pushing the illuminated

EXEC

key.

Inactive – Refers to route, climb, cruise, or descent information that

is not currently being used to calculate LNAV or VNAV commands.

Initialize – Is the process of entering information into the MCDU

that is required to make the FMS operative.

Message – Is referring to information the FMS automatically writes

in the scratchpad to inform the flight crew of some condition.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

2-42

Modify – The changing of active data. When a modification is made

to the active route or performance mode, MOD is displayed in the

page title, ERASE appears next to one of the LSK, and the

EXEC

key

illuminates. Pushing the ERASE LSK removes the modification.

Pushing the

EXEC

key changes the modified information to active.

Prompt – Is something displayed on the MCDU page to aid the

flight crew in accomplishing a task. It may be boxes ( ),

dashes ( ), or a careted line ( ) to remind the pilot to enter

or validate information on the respective data line.

Resynchronization – This is the automatic process of one FMC

loading information into the other FMC when a significant difference

between the two FMCs is detected.

Select – Refers to pushing a key to obtain the desired information

or action.

Speed Restriction – Refers to an airspeed limit beyond a specified

altitude constraint entered by the pilot.

Speed Transition – This is an airspeed limit below a specified

altitude which is automatically entered.

Waypoint – Refers to a point in the route. It may be a fixed point

such as a latitude and longitude, VOR or NDB station, intersection on

an airway, or a conditional point. An example of a conditional point is

“when reaching 1,000 feet.”

Section 3 FLIGHT OPERATIONS

3-1

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

This section contains a description of Flight Management System

(FMS) operations used on a typical airline revenue flight. It begins

with system initialization prior to engine start and continues to engine

shutdown at destination. All flight phases to include PREFLIGHT,

TAKEOFF, CLIMB, CRUISE, DESCENT, and APPROACH are

explained in detail. Not all system functions are described, however,

those frequently utilized as part of the normal operations are covered.

3 FLIGHT OPERATIONS

This page was intentionally left blank.

Section 3.1 FLIGHT DATA

3.1-1

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

A typical flight from Los Angeles (KLAX), USA to Sydney (YSSY),

Australia, is used as an illustration. Table 3.1-1 and Figure 3.1-1 contain

route data detailing the flight.

TABLE 3.1-1

FLIGHT DATA LOS ANGELES TO SYDNEY

Airline

Company Route Not Available

Flight Number NWA 73

Departure Airport Los Angeles (KLAX)

Destination Airport Sydney (YSSY)

Alternate Airport None

Released To Noumea, N. Caledonia

Re-Released Point 12S170W

B747-400 Aircraft

Perf Factor +0.0/+0.0

Cost Index 100

TOGW 849,600 lbs

ZFW 480,700 lbs

CG 19.0% MAC

Taxi Fuel 1900 lbs

Fuel Burnoff 338,900 lbs

10PCT Fuel 7,100 lbs

Reserve Fuel 8,700 lbs

Contingency Fuel 14,200 lbs

CRZ Levels FL310/350/390

Climb and Descent Flight Plan Summary

Climb to FL310 initially

Climb to FL350 41NM prior to Fites

Climb to FL390 120NM prior to 26S158E

Descend to land in YSSY at Upman

Rev 1 12/96

3.1 FLIGHT DATA

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

3.1-2

Flight Plan Routing as filed is as following:

KLAX 0505

M085F310 SXC5 SXC DCT ROSIN DCT FICKY R578

FANTO/M085F350 R578 FITES DCT ERLEY DCT 10N167W

05N174W 00N180W 06S175E 12S170E 18S165E 24S160E/

M085F390 30S155E DCT UPMAN A336 SY DCT

YSSY 1408

Enroute Winds CLB CRZ DSC

Average wind component –20 –18 +25

Average temperature deviation +10 +07 +08

Wind Summary

The following is a sampling of the winds at altitude for a few of the

waypoints in this flight plan.

FL ISA Wind Cmp Tmp Wind Cmp Tmp

430 –56 26054–047–63 25057–056–62

390 –56 25049–045–62 25051–051–62

350 –54 24040–039–53 24042–041–53

310 –46 24036–035–44 24038–037–43

ROSIN FICKY

430 –56 25061–060–62 25065–064–62

390 –56 25055–054–61 25060–059–61

350 –54 24047–043–52 23052–048–53

310 –46 23043–039–43 23048–045–43

FOOTS FONZA

430 –56 25071–070–63 33053–001–62

390 –56 25069–068–60 34050+001–58

350 –54 24059–057–53 34041+004–51

310 –46 24052–050–43 34033+002–42

FEARS FITES

430 –56 24070–64–59 24078–070–59

390 –56 24078–071–53 24084–075–55

350 –54 24067–060–39 24078–073–49

310 –46 25056–049–39 24072–066–40

26S158E UPMAN

Rev 1 12/96

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

0 151

309

756

1211

1672

2137

2604

3071

3583

4134

4617

4738

4918

5218

5510

5818

6118

6319

6433

6495

6656

0:00

0:29

0:50

1:54

2:54

3:52

4:48

5:43

6:38

7:38

8:41

9:37

9:51

10:13

10:52

11:31

12:12

12:52

13:18

13:33

13:41

14:08

DISTANCE TO GO (NM)

TIME TO GO

R578

R578

R578

S33 56.7 E151 10.3

115.4 SY

SYDNEY

D

N33 56.0 W118 25.9

LOS ANGELES

113.6 LAX

D

(H) FOOTS

FONZA

FEARS

FIZEL

FADER

FITES

FANTO

FABBO

FICKY

N31 33.5

W121 23.5

ROSIN

N31 56.5

W120 16.1

N33 22.5 W118 25.2

SANTA CATALINA

111.4 SXC

D

(L)

ERLEY

N16 00.0

W159 50.1

S30 00.0

E155 00.0

UPMAN

S32 11.1

E153 17.2

S24 00.0

E160 00.0

S18 00.0

E165 00.0

S12 00.0

E170 00.0

S06 00.0

E175 00.0

N00 00.0

W180 00.0

N05 00.0

W174 00.0

N10 00.0

W167 00.0

N21 18.5 W157 55.8

HONOLULU

114.8 HNL

D

(H)

*2.1G-HNL

KONA

N19 39.3 W156 01.5

115.7 IAI

D

(H)

S22 05.0 E166 12.5

TONTOUTA

112.9 LTD

D

NOUMEA

NEW CALEDONIA

G3641-21-135#

Figure 3.1-1 F-PLN – KLAX – YSSY

3.1-3 Rev 1 12/96

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

3.1-4

Symbols commonly used throughout this guide in illustrating FMS

functioning include:

SP Abbreviation for Scratchpad

RTE

Activate (push) MCDU function or mode key

2L Activate (push) MCDU left or right line select key

Also review data entry in Section 2.8.6.

NOTES, CAUTIONS, WARNINGS. For this guide standard definitions

are used. They are as follows:

NOTE: Calls attention to methods which make the job easier or

to pertinent information for the flight crew.

CAUTION Calls attention to methods and procedures which must be

followed to avoid damage to data or equipment.

WARNING Calls attention to use of materials, processes, methods, or

limits which must be followed precisely for an individual to

avoid extremely serious consequences, injury or death.

帅哥

3.2-1

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

3.2 PREFLIGHT During preflight the pilot verifies the FMS aircraft status, initializes the

system and checks or modifies the flight plan, and configures the

FMS for flight. Items such as winds, thrust limits, thrust reduction/

acceleration altitudes, radio/navigation tuning, departure runway

changes and V speed entry are covered. After engine start, the Take

Off Gross Weight (TOGW) may need to be updated prior to takeoff.

One of the first items to accomplish is to rotate the three Inertial

Reference System (IRS) mode selectors OFF, then NAV. The IRS

mode selectors are located on the upper left portion of the overhead

panel (see Figure 3.2-1). Rotating the switches to NAV initiates the

IRS power-up and activates a full 10-minute alignment cycle. The

latitude and longitude for the alignment is entered directly into the

system via the MCDU POS INIT page at the LSK associated with the

SET IRS POS line. If excessive motion is detected, the alignment is

restarted without any requirements of the FMC or MCDU.

During through-flight operations, a 3-minute realignment, zeroing of

the ground speed and vertical trimming may be performed by

selecting each IRS mode selector from NAV to OFF and back to NAV

in less than 5 seconds. Vertical trimming includes the fine-leveling

process of the align submode and a heading accuracy update.

Figure 3.2-1

IRS Mode Selector Panel

3.2-2

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 3.2.1 Aircraft Identification At power application, the FMS executes an internal self-test. Normally

upon successful completion of the self-test, the IDENT page is displayed

when the

G3641-21-028#

Figure 3.2-2

MENU Page

The IDENT page (see Figure 3.2-3) is also accessed through LSK

1L (IDENT prompt) on the INIT/REF INDEX page (see Section

3.2.2). The IDENT page allows the review of the aircraft type, engine

type, navigational data base and operating software version. The

only data that can be changed on the IDENT page is the active

navigational data base cycle. Any MCDU messages can be cleared

from the Scratchpad (SP) using the CLR

key. MCDU message

explanations may be found in Section 6, MCDU Messages.

LSK 6L and 6R contain page access prompts to the INIT/REF

INDEX and POS INIT pages. Following the prompts at LSK 6R of the

succeeding pages will guide the pilot through the FMS preflight

entries.

NOTE: All data on the aircraft IDENT page should be reviewed

for accuracy and applicability.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-3

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

G3641-21-009#

Figure 3.2-3

IDENT Page

1L MODEL – The particular aircraft model contained in the

performance data base, which in this case, is the B747-400.

2L NAV DATA – The navigational data base identifier is used in

FMC navigational planning. The first two digits of the data base

part number designate the airline. The third digit designates

the airline’s data base number. The fourth and fifth digits

designate the year the data base was produced. The sixth and

seventh digits designate the data base cycle number. There

are 13 data base cycles in one year, so sometimes the data

base cycle number coincides with the month that it is effective,

and sometimes it does not. The eighth, ninth, and tenth digits

designate the sequence number.

NOTE: If the aircraft clock indicates the active navigational data

base cycle is expired, the “NAV DATA OUT OF DATE”

message is displayed in the scratchpad. This message

is only displayed when the aircraft is on the ground.

4L OP PROGRAM – The operational program identifier is the

part number of the software program operating the FMC. If the

operational programs are not identical in the FMCs, the FMC

remains “locked-up” on the IDENT page.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-4

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 5L DRAG/FF – The DRAG factor displays the airplane drag

correction factor, as a percentage, for the performance data

base. The FF factor displays the airplane fuel flow correction

factor, as a percentage, which is also contained in the performance

data base. To avoid unauthorized changes to these factors, new

values may not be entered on this page. New values may be

entered by authorized personnel on the PERF FACTORS

page, which is accessible through the MAINTENANCE INDEX

page and only when the aircraft is not airborne.

6L – The INDEX prompt allows access to the INIT/REF

INDEX page.

1R ENGINES – The engines displays the engine identification

number model contained in the performance data base. In this

case, the engine type is Pratt & Whitney PW-4056. If the

ENGINES field is blank, the FMC is not compatible with the airplane configuration, and remains “locked-up” on the IDENT page.

2R ACTIVE – The ACTIVE displays navigational data base cycle

in the FMC. LSK 3R displays the INACTIVE navigational data

base cycle and pushing the key copies inactive dates in the

scratchpad. The active nav data base cannot be downselected

into the SP by pressing LSK 2R . To change the active nav data

base, press LSK 3R ; which places the inactive nav data base

into the SP (see Figure 3.2-4). Press LSK 2R to enter the new

active data base (see Figure 3.2-5).

4R SPARE ENG – The SPARE ENGINE line displays the word

ACTIVE when spare engine carriage performance is used.

Normally the header and data fields at 4R shall be blank.

5R CO DATA – The COMPANY DATA line displays the Airline

Policy File identifier. This header and data field shall be blank

if there is no Airline Policy File (APF) and the FMC remains

“locked up” on the IDENT page.

6R POS INIT> – When all the data on the IDENT page has been

checked and verified as correct, pressing the LSK 6R provides

access to the POS INIT page. Following the prompts at 6R of

the succeeding pages guides the pilot through the FMS

preflight entries.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-5

帅哥

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

STEP: 3R (JAN02JAN30/97)

G3641-21-010#

Figure 3.2-4

Change Active Nav Data Base

STEP: 2R

G3641-21-011#

Figure 3.2-5

New ACTIVE Nav Data Base

NOTES:

1. The ACTIVE nav data base can only be changed while the

aircraft is on the ground.

2. Changing the ACTIVE nav data base erases any information

previously entered on the route, legs, and position initialization

pages.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-6

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 3.2.2 INIT/REF INDEX During the PREFLIGHT phase, the FMS allows the pilot to easily

cycle through all pertinent preflight steps by accessing the next

applicable preflight function at LSK6R of each of the preflight pages.

The preflight pages include the IDENT, POS INIT, RTE, PERF INIT,

and TAKEOFF pages.

The Initialization or Reference Index page (INIT/REF INDEX) appears

automatically when the

INIT

REF key is pushed. If the desired page is not

displayed, pushing LSK 6L INDEX displays the INIT/REF INDEX

page (see Figure 3.2-6).

G3641-21-012#

Figure 3.2-6

INIT/REF INDEX Page

The desired page can be selected from the INIT/REF INDEX. The one

exception to this is the POS REF page, which first requires displaying

the POS INIT page, then pushing the

NEXT

PAGE key (see Figure 3.2-7).

3.2-7

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

G3641-21-013#

Figure 3.2-7

Initialization/Reference Pages

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-8

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE NOTE: The LSK 6L with the MAINT> prompt is only accessible when the aircraft is on the ground. Once the aircraft

is airborne the field is blank (see Figure 3.2-8).

G3641-21-014#

Figure 3.2-8

INIT/REF INDEX – Airborne

3.2.3 Position Initialization The Position Initialization (POS INIT) page allows the pilot to enter

present position into the IRS during preflight alignment, enter heading

into IRS during attitude mode operation and check the FMS-MCDU

time reference. Pressing LSK 6R on the IDENT page allows access

to the POS INIT pages.

The POS INIT page is shown in Figure 3.2-9. The pilot may initialize

the IRS by using the origination airport or specific gate. The initialization

task aligns the IRS units to the present ground position of the aircraft.

This function is initialized through the MCDU.

3.2-9

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

STEP: 6R (POS INIT) on IDENT page

G3641-21-015#

Figure 3.2-9

POS INIT Page

2L REF AIRPORT – The reference airport is the airport of

origination. Valid entries are four-character ICAO airport

identifiers contained in the nav data base. An entry also

displays the airport reference point latitude and longitude in

2R . The REF AIRPORT entry deletes any previously selected

gate numbers entry and allows another gate entry at 3L . The

REF AIRPORT is cleared once the aircraft is airborne.

3L GATE – The origination gate, if the gate has a specific

identifier in the nav data base, at the reference airport. Dashed

lines are only visible if the reference airport has been entered

in 2L . With the gate identifier entered at 3L , the latitude and

longitude are displayed in 3R . The valid gate entries are one

to five alphanumeric characters. This line display is cleared at

liftoff or returns to dashes with a different REF AIRPORT entry.

3.2-10

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 5L GMT – Both MCDUs display the Captain’s clock time when

operative, otherwise the time displayed will be the First Officer’s

clock. The aircraft clock input to the FMC may be GMT or local

time depending on which the pilot uses to set the clock. To

ensure the FMC has GMT time, the GMT hours can be entered

when the clock input in use is set to a local non-GMT time zone.

The hour can be changed by entering desired hour reference

(minutes cannot be changed by FMS-MCDU entry). The

minutes are set by resetting the pilot’s clock.

6L – Pushing the INDEX LSK displays the INIT/REF

INDEX page.

1R LAST POS – The last latitude/longitude present position is

displayed at all times, as calculated by the FMC. The data is

retained when the aircraft is powered down.

4R SET IRS POS – The boxed prompts are displayed when any

IRS is in align mode, with the aircraft on the ground, and

present position has not yet been entered. The entered data is

only displayed until at least one valid IRS enters the NAV mode.

Entry into the box prompts can be via the keyboard operation

or LSKs at LAST POS, REF AIRPORT, or GATE. Entry of the

latitude and longitude sends present position to all inertial

reference systems in the ALIGN mode. See Section 6.0 for the

ENTER IRS POS message in the scratchpad, if it appears.

5R SET IRS HDG – The data and header lines are blank, except

when an IRS is in the attitude mode and then dashes are

displayed. Entering heading information resynchronizes

(updates) the IRS magnetic heading signal for all inertial

reference systems in attitude mode.

6R ROUTE> – The route LSK displays the RTE page, which is

used to continue the preflight sequence. Actually this LSK

displays MOD RTE, ACT RTE, or RTE 1 Page 1, in that order.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-11

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

Enter the origin airport in the SP, which is KLAX, and press LSK 2L .

The Los Angeles airport LAT/LONG is displayed in 2R . If there is a

specific gate identifier, enter the gate in 3L via the SP. This displays

the gate LAT/LONG in 3R .

If the IRS position must be entered into the box prompts, the pilot may

press LSK 2R or 3R , placing the most accurate LAT/LONG in the

SP. The LAT/LONG may also be manually entered into the SP by the

pilot. Pressing LSK 4R enters the LAT/LONG as the present IRS

position.

帅哥

Figures 3.2-10, 3.2-11, 3.2-12, and 3.2-13 illustrate the position

initialization process.

STEP: Type KLAX in SP

G3641-21-016#

Figure 3.2-10

POS INIT Page – Position Initialization

3.2-12

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE STEP: 2L

G3641-21-017#

Figure 3.2-11

POS INIT Page – Ref Airport Entry

STEP: 2R (N3356.6W11824.5) The pilot may also

3R if a gate has been entered, or type the

desired LAT/LON in the SP.

G3641-21-018#

Figure 3.2-12

POS INIT – LAT/LON in SP

3.2-13

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

STEP: 4R

G3641-21-019#

Figure 3.2-13

POS INIT Page – Set IRS Position

This is what the POS INIT Page displays on completion of all the

inertial reference systems entering the Navigational mode (see

Figure 3.2-14).

G3641-21-020#

Figure 3.2-14

POS INIT Page – IRS Nav Mode

3.2-14

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 3.2.4 Position Reference The Position Reference (POS REF) page displays present position

and ground speed as computed in the FMC and each IRS. This page

is used to detect IRS errors and provide the capability to purge radio

updates to the FMC position.

POS REF access is by pushing either

NEXT

PAGE or

PREV

PAGE while displaying

the POS INIT page. POS REF is page 2/2 of the POS INIT page (see

Figure 3.2-15).

G3641-21-021#

Figure 3.2-15

POS REF Page

1L FMC POS – Displays the present FMC computed position in

1L and its corresponding ground speed in 1R . If the FMC

position is invalid, blanks are displayed. The FMC position is

blank from power-up until an IRS enters NAV mode. The FMC

position (Line 1L ) is selectable to the SP.

NOTE: The FMC computed position is invalid if there is no valid

IRS input and no radio updating for more than two

minutes.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-15

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

2L IRS L, IRS C, and IRS R – When valid, the present IRS

3L position input is displayed. The corresponding ground speeds

4L for each IRS are displayed in lines 2R , 3R ,and 4R . When any

IRS position inputs are invalid, those lines are blank. Also, the IRS

position is blank from power application until position is entered.

The IRS LAT/LON positions can be line selected to the SP.

The FMC ground speed is computed by the navigation system

whenever one or more valid IRS velocities are available. The IRS

ground speed is displayed whenever the North and East input is

valid. Whenever the FMC or IRS ground speeds are invalid, the

corresponding lines are blank. The ground speeds are blank from

power application until IRS enters NAV mode.

NOTE: The displays of ground speed are frozen at flight

completion and are retained until power is removed or

until aircraft is airborne.

5L RAD UPDATE Key – The RADIO UPDATE line initially

displays prompt. Selection displays mixed IRS

position on the FMC POS line for review. The line title displays

PURGE ARMED and the data line displays

Selection of CONFIRM now replaces current FMC position

with a mixed IRS position. The FMC continues to radio update

using the stations displayed under NAV STA.

NOTE: Leaving the POS REF page without selecting

6L – Pushing the

REF INDEX page.

5R NAV STA – The Navigation Station line displays the identifiers

of navigation stations currently being used by the FMC for

position updating. In this case, the FMC is using LAX and SMO.

6R ROUTE> – Pushing LSK 6R displays the RTE page used to

continue the preflight sequence.

3.2-16

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 3.2.5 Flight Plan Route Entry Once the POS INIT process is completed, pressing LSK 6R ROUTE>

prompt on the POS INIT page allows access to the RTE pages. This

permits the pilot to enter and activate the flight plan route in the FMC.

The active route clears at engine shutdown after flight completion.

The active route also deactivates with loss of electrical power.

NOTES:

1. Pushing the RTE

key also provides access to the RTE pages.

2. Two routes may be stored in the FMS, although only one can

be active at any given time. LSK 6L of the RTE pages allows

the pilot to select, view, and activate the other route (RTE 1

or RTE 2).

STEP: 6R (ROUTE>) on POS INIT Page

G3641-21-022#

Figure 3.2-16

RTE 1

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-17

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

1L ORIGIN – Allows entry of the origin airport using ICAO

identifiers contained in the nav data base. Valid entries are

accepted when the box prompts are displayed. Entry clears

any previous route, and allows entry of departure or arrival

procedures. Entry is inhibited in flight for the active route.

1R DEST – Allows for the entry of the destination airport in ICAO

identifiers. Entries can be made at any time. When a valid entry

is made, any STAR, STAR transition, approach or approach

transition associated with a previous destination airport is

deleted. If the active leg is a part of the affected procedure, all

legs of the procedure following the active leg are cleared.

2L CO ROUTE – Company routes may be entered into this field

anytime the route is not active, or if the route is active and the

aircraft is not airborne. Enter the company route identifier (no

more than ten alphanumeric characters) into the SP, and then

press LSK 2L . Entry of a valid company route results in the

nav data base stored origin, destination, and en route procedures

being entered into the route.

帅哥

Entry of a new company route clears an old company route and

enters the new one. If a company route is entered into a route

that is either pending activation or modification, and no cruise

altitude is defined, the company route specified cruise altitude

is applied. Similarly, if a cost index is defined by the company

route, the company route cost index is applied.

NOTES:

1. Entering a company route into the flight plan fills in the origin

and destination airports.

2. If SIDs and STARs are not included in the company route,

they have to be manually entered.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-18

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE 3L RUNWAY – Valid entries are runway numbers contained in

the nav data base for the airport entered into the origin. The

entry may be through keyboard action or line selection from the

Departure page

DEP

ARR . Upon sequencing the first waypoint this

RUNWAY field is deleted.

NOTE: If the RUNWAY entry is not compatible with the VIA

entry 4L , a SP message is displayed (RUNWAY

N/A FOR SID) and the runway entry is rejected (see

Section 6.0).

Figure 3.2-17 illustrates entry of the origin and destination airports

and the departure runway.

NOTE: A runway should be entered in order to anchor the

beginning of the route to the first waypoint. Without the

runway entry, there is NO DIRECT leg to the first

waypoint, and the TAKEOFF REF page displays preflight

as being incomplete.

STEPS:

A. Type KLAX in SP

B. 1L

C. Type YSSY in SP

D. 1R

E. Type 7L in SP

F. 3L

G3641-21-023#

Figure 3.2-17

RTE 1 – Origin, Destination, Runway

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-19

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

4L VIA – The VIA lines display the procedure segments defining

the route. The VIA line may contain the following:

• Valid entries are airways.

• Procedure names (SID, STAR, etc.) automatically appear when

selected on DEPARTURES or ARRIVALS page.

• Defaults to DIRECT if no entry is made and a valid entry is made

in the corresponding TO line.

• Entry of an airway with the corresponding or previous TO waypoint

not on that airway is invalid.

• Entering an airway on the first VIA line initiates an airway intercept.

Boxes are displayed under the first TO. Entering a waypoint in the

boxes inserts dashes on the VIA line, and pushes the airway and

waypoint down to the next line. The first fix on the leg of the airway

which is closest to being abeam of the aircraft is then displayed on

the first TO line.

• Dashes are displayed for the VIA line beyond the end of route.

• Airway identifiers can be downselected into the SP, but selection

of other VIA line displays can not be downselected into the SP.

• VIA lines may be deleted, with the exception of DIRECT, and

actions affecting the active leg while airborne.

4R TO – The TO lines display the leg termination waypoint for the

corresponding VIA lines. Entries to the TO line may be made

only to dashes, box prompts, or a previous leg termination and

must be consistent with the corresponding VIA field. The

following entries are valid waypoint identifiers contained in the

nav data base or defined geographic points:

• Published waypoints, e.g., entered and displayed as MERCE.

• Intersections (place bearing/place bearing) e.g., entered as LAX249/

FIM140, displayed as LAXNN where NN is FMC assigned.

• Place bearing/distance e.g., entered as SMO068/50, displayed as

SMONN, where NN is FMC assigned.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-20

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE • VHF navaid, e.g., entered and displayed as LAX.

• Destination airport runway, e.g., entered as 34 and displayed as

RW34.

• ICAO AIRPORT, e.g., KLAX, PHNL, YSSY.

• Latitude/Longitude, e.g., entered N1000.5 W16700.8 and displayed

as N10W167. Entries require leading zeros. Trailing zeros are

optional when latitude and longitude are whole degrees, e.g.,

N15W158.

• Conditional waypoints associated with procedure selected on

DEPARTURE or ARRIVIAL pages.

• Boxes are displayed for route discontinuities (gaps in the route).

• Dashes displayed for the first TO line beyond the end of the route.

The pilot may now enter the flight plan route by use of the appropriate

LSKs adjacent to the VIA and TO blank fields, along with the SP. To

fly direct to a waypoint, enter that waypoint in the appropriate right

LSK. DIRECT is displayed in the corresponding left data field. If part

of the route follows a published airway, enter that specific airway in

the appropriate left LSK. The MCDU displays box prompts in the

corresponding right data field. The pilot must then enter a TO

waypoint for the airway.

NOTE: If the airway has more than one waypoint, only the final

waypoint of the leg need be entered. The Nav Data

Base has all waypoints along an airway in memory

which are displayed on the RTE LEGS pages.

If a waypoint or an airway is not in the nav data base, the message

“NOT IN DATA BASE” is displayed in the SP. If the airway is found

in the Nav Data Base but the preceding or following TO fix does not

lie on the airway, an “INVALID ENTRY” message is displayed.

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-21

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

Figures 3.2-18, 3.2-19,and 3.2-20 illustrate the route entry for the

flight from KLAX to YSSY.

STEPS:

A. Type SXC in SP

B. 4R

C. Type ROSIN in SP

D. 5R

G3641-21-030#

Figure 3.2-18

RTE 1 – ROUTE ENTRY

Rev 1 12/96

3.2-22

Use or disclosure of the information on this page is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document.

B747-400 FMS PILOT’S GUIDE STEPS:

A.

NEXT

PAGE

B. Type FICKY in SP on page 2/2

C. 1R

D. Type R578 in SP

E. 2L

F. Type FITES in SP

G. 2R

H. Type ERLEY in SP

I. 3R

J. Type N1000.0W16700.0 or N10W167 in SP

K. 4R

L. Type N05W174 in SP

G3641-21-031#

Figure 3.2-19

RTE 1 – Route Entry Page 2/2

Figure 3.2-20 shows the completed route entry for the remaining

waypoints in the flight plan. The remaining waypoints and airways

were entered using the same basic steps as used in Figures 3.2-18

and 3.2-19.