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中国特有词汇地道翻译 [复制链接]

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发表于 2009-10-17 20:13:15 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

    1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)

    八卦 trigram

    阴、阳 yin, yang

    道 Dao(cf. logo)

    江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits' world)

    e.g. You can't control everything in a traits' world. (人在江湖,身不由己)

    道 Daoism(Taoism)

    上火 excessive internal heat

    儒学 Confucianism

    红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology

    世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

    开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)

    大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done

    伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded

    不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

    合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

    乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

    铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post's; guaranteed leading post

    脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty

    治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

    2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)

    国庆节 National Day

    中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival

    春节 Spring Festival

    元宵节 Lantern Festival

    儿童节 Children's Day

    端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

    妇女节 Women's Day

    泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

    教师节 Teachers' Day

    五四青年节 Youth Day

    3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

    馄饨 wonton

    锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)

    花卷 steamed twisted rolls

    套餐 set meal

    盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away

    米豆腐 rice tofu

    魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

    米粉 rice noodles

    冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

    火锅 chafing dish

    八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

    粉丝 glass noodles

    豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

    4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)

    十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

    中国电脑联网 Chinanet

    三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

    希望工程 Project Hope

    京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

    扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

    菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

    温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

    安居工程 Economy Housing Project

    扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

    西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

    5 、特有的一些汉语词汇

    禅宗 Zen Buddhism

    禅 dhyana; dhgaya

    混沌 chaos

    道 Daosim, the way and its power

    四谛 Four Noble Truth

    八正道 Eightfold Path

    无常 anity

    五行说 Theory of Five Elements

    无我 anatman

    坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation

    空 sunyata

    虚无 nothingness

    双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)

    小品 witty skits

    相声 cross-talk

    噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

    夜猫子 night people; night-owls

    本命年 this animal year of sb.

    处世之道 philosophy of life

    姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

    还愿 redeem a wish (vows)

    6 、具有文化特色的现代表述

    大陆中国 Mainland China

    红宝书 little red book

    红色中国 socialist China

    四化 Four Modernizations

    终生职业 job-for-life

    铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

    大锅饭 communal pot

    关系户 closely-related units

    外出打工人员 migrant workers

    关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

    五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

    四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

    7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)

    宣纸 rice paper

    衙门 yamen

    叩头 kowtow

    孔子Confucius

    牌楼 pailou;pai-loo

    武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

    功夫 kungfu ;kung fu

    中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

    中和 harmony (zhonghe)

    孝顺 to show filial obedience

    孝子 dutiful son

    家长 family head

    三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

    五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

    八股文 eight-legged essays

    多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

    养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one's old age

    8、中国现代特色词汇翻译

    基层监督 grass-roots supervision

    基础税率 base tariff level

    婚介所 matrimonial agency

    婚外恋 extramarital love

    婚纱摄影 bride photo

    黑心棉 shoddy cotton

    机器阅卷 machine scoring

    即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

    集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

    价格听证会 public price hearings

    甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team

    家政服务 household management service

    加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

    假帐 accounting fraud

    叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel

    矫情 use lame arguments

    渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence

    借调 temporarily transfer

    扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion

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