RMIT飞行训练课件－COMPASSES 罗盘指南针

航空

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航空

COMPASSES
Aim
• To understand the principles and
considerations of compass operations.
Application
• Navigation flying
• When DG fails
Overview
• Definitions
• Principles
– Compass Components
• Considerations
– Acceleration Errors
– Turning Errors
• Airmanship
• Review
Definitions
• Earth’s Magnetic Field
Definitions
Simple Bar Magnet
• a magnet freely suspended horizontally
will swing so as its axis points roughly
north/ south
Definitions
Magnetic Variation
• the angular difference between the
magnetic poles and true poles of the
Earth.
• Isogonal are lines that join places of same
magnetic variation.
• Agonic is the line that joins places of zero
magnetic variation.

Definitions
• VARIATION WEST, MAGNETIC BEST
• VARIATION EAST, MAGNETIC LEAST
Principles
• Aircraft turns around magnet which is
aligned north / south
090
270
360
180
Principles
A direct reading magnetic compass is filled
with a liquid which
• supports its weight,
• reduces friction, and
• dampens oscillations
Lubber line shows heading on compass
card
Principles
Definitions
• Deviation
Considerations
• Magnetic Dip
Considerations
• Minimising Dip
Acceleration Errors
• due to CoG displacement,
• As aircraft accelerates, pivot point moves
with the aircraft, but the magnet is left
behind.
Considerations
South
Accelerate
North
Decelerate
090
270
360
180
Considerations
Westerly Apparent turn to S Apparent turn to N
Southerly None None
Easterly Apparent turn to S Apparent turn to N
Northerly None None
HDG Acceleration Error Deceleration Error
Considerations
• Turning Errors
340
040
340
060
040
030
330
030
310
330
Considerations
• Turning Errors
200
160
200
170
160
150
210
150
190
210
Considerations
Overshoot
North
Undershoot
South
Airmanship
• Always avoid placing ferrous materials
near the compass
• Apply SAND and ONUS rules where
applicable
• Always apply magnetic variation when
flight planning
• Always apply compass deviation
Review
• What is an Isogonal?
• What is Magnetic Dip and How do we
overcome it?
• Acceleration Errors
• Turning Errors

猪也能飞

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xy8701

谢谢楼主，我正准备去RMIT读书