Short-Field Take-Off and Landing 短跑道起飞和着陆

航空

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航空

Short-Field Take-Off and
Landing
Aim
• To understand the principles and
considerations of conducting a short field
take-off or landing.
• Operate safely and efficiently into and out
of a field of marginal length, using as little
runway as possible.
Application
• Short Runways ERSA
• Obstacle clearance
• Authorised Landing Areas (ALAs) CAAP
Overview
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles
– Flap
– Power
– Climb
performance
– Approach profile
– Landing
• Considerations
– Low speed drag
– Off profile
– Gusty
Conditions
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
Revision
Upslope
Flap
Increased
Temperature
Increased
headwind
Increased Weight
Factor TODR LDR
Increase Increase
Increase Increase
Increase
Decrease Decrease
Decrease Decrease
Decrease
• Performance Charts (T/O 5-14 POH), (LDG 5-21 POH)
Definitions
Short Field
• When the runway length available and/or
obstacle clearance gradients are only just
sufficient to satisfy take-off and landing
requirements.
Definitions
Static Power
• The power output of the aircraft’s engine
when the aircraft is stationary or static.
Principles
TAKE OFF
Flap
– Reduces Vs therefore reducing VTOSS (1.2 Vs)
– Shorter take off run and distance to 50ft AGL
– Provides better obstacle clearance
Principles
TAKE OFF
Power Vs Brakes
– Ensures maximum power available to achieve
maximum acceleration
– Check static power (Refer 4-23 POH)
– Exercise caution on gravel surfaces
Principles
TAKE OFF
• Climb Performance in Short field
configuration
– Rate of climb will decrease
– Angle of climb will decrease
Principles
APPROACH AND LANDING
Flap
– Reduces Vs allowing approach at minimum
speed (1.3 Vs)
Power
– Inboard surfaces (rudder/elevator) more
effective
Principles
APPROACH AND LANDING
Approach Profile
– Same flight path flown with a higher nose attitude due
to a lower airspeed
Landing
– Shorter positive flare and touchdown
– Use maximum braking as required
Short Field Landing
Normal Landing
Considerations
• The “back end” of the drag curve
DRAG
(Thrust Req’d)
IAS
More thrust required
to fly slower
Considerations
Off Profile
• If overshoot occurs, conduct a go-around
• Don’t push a tight situation
Gusty Conditions
• Can’t fly below minimum specified safe
speeds
• Approach speeds should be increased
• It may not be practical to use a shortfield
technique (Do not land!)
Lower nose, FLAP 0o
79 kt (BROC) or whatever
climb configuration is required
57 kt (BAOC)
To 200ft or until
clear of obstacles
“40 kt”
“51 kt ROTATE”
FLAP 10o
Power Vs Brakes
Appropriate
mixture and
power check
For soft field
apply full back
pressure until
rotation
Air Exercise
• Take-off – refer to 4-15 and 4-22 in POH
Apply maximum braking
without skidding
Maintain full back pressure
Retract flaps
Minimal hold-off and flare
Initiate touchdown with idle power
Increase power as
required to manage aim
point and airspeed
Normal approach until
300ft (65 kts and flap 30)
Raise nose for 62 kt
APPROACH
PROFILE
DOES NOT
CHANGE
Air Exercise
• Landing – refer 4-16 & 4-32 POH
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Smooth coordinated use of controls
• Restrict power on gravel surfaces
• Higher speeds may be required in gusty
conditions
• A common fault is a higher descent rate
with lower speed – use more power
• If in doubt with approach, go around
• Correct handover/takeover procedure

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