320系列机组课程自动飞行系统

航空

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航空

AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 1/25
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 2/25
The AUTOFLIGHT system on the A320 family is designed to reduce pilot workload, enhance
safety, and optimize performance.
You should have a good understanding of the AUTOFLIGHT system and how to use it so that
you can operate the aircraft safely and efficiently.
This module is an introduction only. You will see the principles covered in more detail, and look
at individual components of the system in later modules. Then you will study the use of the system
during a normal flight.
Let ’s begin by building up a basic conceptual idea of the Autoflight system.
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 3/25
INFORMATION
SOURCES
OUTPUT DEVICES
The Autoflight system can be
thought of as consisting of four
main sections.
At the heart of the system is a
computation and processing
section, the brain!
The central processing section
has access to several information
sources.
The pilots have access to the
central processing section via
input devices.
Finally, after computation and
processing commands are
provided to output devices.
COMPUTATION
&
PROCESSING
INPUT DEVICES
AUTOFLIGHT SYSTEM
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 4/25
COMPUTATION
&
PROCESSING
FMGC1 FMGCs FMGC2
For the Autoflight system on the A320 family,
computation and processing is done by two
Flight Management Guidance Computers (FMGC).
The two FMGCs are identical and normally
work together so for training purposes we will
group them as the FMGCs.
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 5/25
INFORMATION
ClocSkOURCES
ADIRS & GPS
Performance information
Navigation information
The FMGCs receive :
• Navigation Information - which contains details
of airfields, navaids, airways, routes, waypoints,
procedures (SIDs, STARs, approachs, missed
approachs), etc.
• Aircraft Performance information,
• The Air Data and Inertial Reference system
(ADIRS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS)
for position and dynamic information, (You will
learn about them in the Navigation Chapter)
• the Clock,
• Radio Navigation information.
Navigation radios
FMGCs
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 6/25
INPUT DEVICES
FMGCs
The pilots provide inputs to the FMGCs
using:
• two Multipurpose Control and Display
Units (MCDU),
• a single Flight Control Unit (FCU).
You will see more information on these
units in later modules
Flight Control Unit
MCDU 1 MCDU 2
Clock
ADIRS & GPS
Performance information
Navigation information
Navigation radios
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 7/25
OUTPUT DEVICES
Autopilot Autothrust
The FMGCs provide outputs
to:
• the Autopilot system for pitch,
roll and yaw control
• the Autothrust system - for
thrust control
• the EFIS system - for the
display of information
• the Navigation Radios - for the
automatic tuning of radio aids.
Clock
ADIRS & GPS
Performance information
Navigation information
Navigation radios
FMGCs
Flight Control Unit
MCDU 1 MCDU 2
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 8/25
The FMGCs are divided into three
main parts;
• Flight Management,
• Flight Guidance,
• Flight Augmentation.
Flight
Augmentation
Flight
Guidance
Flight
Management
FFMGCss
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 9/25
Navigation
The Flight Management part of the FMGCs controls the following functions:
• Navigation - The accurate position of the aircraft and the capability to automatically
follow the programmed flight plan,
• Flight Planning - The flight plan computation,
• Performance optimization - costs, speeds and altitude optimization,
• Predictions - the accurate estimates for waypoints, altitudes, speeds, fuel,
destinations and alternates
• Display management - the control of information to the EFIS system to display
autoflight modes and navigation information.
Flight
Planning
Performance
Optimization Predictions Display
Management
Flight
Management
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 10/25
Autothrust
Commands
Flight
Director
Commands
Autopilot
Commands
The Flight Guidance part of the FMGCs provides;
• Autopilot commands to automatically control pitch, roll and yaw,
• Autothrust commands to automatically control thrust,
• Flight Director commands to the pilot for for control of pitch, roll, and yaw.
Flight
Guidance
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 11/25
Flight Augmentation part of the FMGCs provides:
• Flight envelope computations (for example overspeed, underspeed
warnings),
• Automatic speed computation (for example the flaps limit speeds which are
displayed on the PFD),
• Windshear warning and guidance.
Note: Most of the the flight augmentation is not computed by the FMGCs. It is
computed by the flight controls computers.
You will learn these computers in the flight controls chapter.
Flight Envelope
Computation
Automatic Speed
Computation
Windshear
Warning
& Guidance
Flight
Augmentation
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 12/25
FMGCs
So far we have grouped the two FMGCs together for our basic system description. Now let’s
look at the actual layout.
As a general rule the two FMGCs have access to the same information sources and
exchange information.
FMGC1 FMGC2
Information
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 13/25
FMGC2
MCDU 2
FMGC1
MCDU 1
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 14/25
FMGC2
MCDU 2
FMGC1
MCDU 1
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 15/25
FMGC2
MCDU 2
FMGC1
MCDU 1
Each FMGC is linked to its own MCDU.
For example, information from MCDU 1 will be received by both
FMGCs, so that information is synchronized.
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 16/25
FMGC2
MCDU 2
FMGC1
MCDU 1
TThhee iinnppuuttss ffrroomtthhee FFCU aarree ffeedd ttoo bbootthh FFMGCss..
Flight Control Unit
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 17/25
FD1 AP1
FMGC1
AP2 FD2
FMGC2
MCDU 2
Flight Control Unit
MCDU 1
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 18/25
FD1 AP1 AP2 FD2
FMGC1
MCDU 1
FMGC2
MCDU 2
Flight Control Unit
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 19/25
FD1 AP1 ChA1utothrusCth2 AP2 FD2
FMGC1 FMGC2
Both FMGCs send commands to the Autothrust system. The
Autothrust system has two channels and depending on which FMGC
is the master, the associated Autothrust channnel will be used.
Now let ’s locate some of the most important components in the
cockpit.
Flight Control Unit
MCDU 1 MCDU 2
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 20/25
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 21/25
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 22/25
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 23/25
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 24/25
The Controls and indicators found in the cockpit are:
- 1 Flight Control Unit or FCU,
- 2 Flight Director pb located on the EFIS control panels
and the associated EFIS displays,
- 2 Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDU),
- 2 thrust levers mainly interfaced to A/THR.
AUTOFLIGHT MENU
System presentation 25/25
You have now had a basic introduction to the
Autoflight system. In the modules that follow we
will look at the individual elements in greater
detail.
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NEXT
AUTOFLIGHT MENU System presentation 26/25
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EXIT
AUDIO GLOSSARY FCOM
RETURN
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