Flight Operations Briefing Notes Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

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Flight Operations Briefing Notes
How to Use Briefing Notes
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Term or Abbreviation
 Definition
 

A/THR
 Autothrottle or Autothrust system
 
AAL
 Above Airport Level
 
AC
 U.S. FAA Advisory Circular
 
ACAS
 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (see also TCAS)
 
ACP
 Audio Control Panel (see also DCDU)
 
ADC
 Air Data Computer
 
AFE
 Above Field Elevation
 
AFL
 Above Field Level (e.g., 1000 ft - height AFL)
 
AFM
 Airplane Flight Manual (approved by certification authorities)
 
AFS
 Automatic Flight System, this includes the flight director (FD),  the autopilot (AP), the autothrottle/autothrust system (A/THR) and  the flight management system (FMS)
 
AGL
 Above Ground Level (e.g., 1000 ft - height AGL, indicated by the radio altimeter or computed by subtracting the terrain elevation from  the altitude above MSL)
 
AIM
 U.S. FAA Aeronautical Information Manual  (previously called Airman Information Manual)
 
AIP
 Aeronautical Information Publications
(published by ICAO member states)
 
ALA
 Approach-and-Landing Accident
 
ALAR
 Approach-and-Landing Accident Reduction
 
ALS
 Airport Lighting System
 
ALTN
 Alternate
 
AMC
 Acceptable Means of Compliance (for compliance with JAR-OPS 1)
 
AOM
 Aircraft Operating Manual (established by operator)
 
AP
 Auto Pilot
 
APP
 Approach control frequency
 
Approach Gate
 A point in space with a defined configuration and energy state
(see also Stabilization Height and Next Target)
 
ARTCC
 Air Route Traffic Control Center (usually referred to as "Center")
 
ASAP
 Aviation Safety Action Partnership
 
ATC
 Air Traffic Control
 
ATIS
 Automatic Terminal Information Service
 
ATM
 Air Traffic Management (one of the two components of FANS, see also FANS and CNS)
 
BASIS
 British Airways Information System
 
BRG
 Bearing (e.g., bearing to a waypoint or navaid)
 
CAP
 U.K. Civil Aviation Publication
 
CAPT
 Captain (see also PIC)
 
CAST
 Commercial Aviation Safety Team (international industry task force led by U.S. FAA)
 
Causal Factor
 A causal factor is an event or item judged to be directly instrumental in the causal chain of events leading to an accident (source: Flight Safety Foundation)
 
CAWS
 Collision Avoidance Warning System (see TCAS)
 
CDU
 Control and Display Unit (see also MCDU)
 
CFIT
 Controlled Flight Into Terrain
 
Checklist
 See also QRH
 
Circumstantial Factor
 A circumstantial factor is an event or an item that was judged not to be directly in the causal chain of events [leading to an accident] but could have contributed to the accident (source: Flight Safety Foundation)
 
CNS
 Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (one of the two components of FANS, see also FANS and ATM)
 
CONF
 Configuration (e.g., slats, flaps, roll spoilers, ground spoilers, ...)
 
CORR
 Correction (e.g., wind or configuration correction on final approach speed)
 
CPDLC
 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
 
CRM
 Crew Resource Management
 
DA(H)
 Decision Altitude (Height)
 
DCDU
 Data Communications Display Unit
 
DDG
 Dispatch Deviation Guide (see also MMEL and MEL)
 
DIR TO
 Direct route to [a waypoint]
 
DIST
 Distance
 
DME
 Distance Measuring Equipment
 
DNA
 French Direction de la Navigation Aerienne
 
ECAM
 Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor
 
EFIS
 Electronic Flight Instruments System
 
EGPWS
 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (see also TAWS)
 
EGT
 Exhaust Gas Temperature
 
ETOPS
 Extended Twins Operations
 
F/O
 First Officer
 
FAA
 U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
 
FAF
 Final Approach Fix
 
FANS
 Future Air Navigation System (see also CNS and ATM)
 
FAR
 U.S. Federal Aviation Regulations
 
FBS
 Fixed Base Simulator
 
FCOM
 Flight Crew Operating Manual (established by Airbus)
 
FCU
 Flight Control Unit (i.e., AP/FD interface)
 
FD
 Flight Director
 
FDF
 Final Descent Fix
 
FFCC
 Forward-Facing-Crew Cockpit
 
FFS
 Full Flight Simulator
 
FIR
 Flight Information Region
 
FL
 Flight Level
 
FMGS
 Flight Management and Guidance System
 
FMA
 Flight Modes Annunciator
 
FMGES
 Flight Management, Guidance and [flight] Envelop [protection] System
 
FMS
 Flight Management System
 
FOQA
 Flight Operations Quality Assurance
 
FSF
 Flight Safety Foundation
 
ft
 Feet
 
GA
 Go Around
 
GAIN
 Global Analysis and Information Network
 
GCAS
 Ground Collision Avoidance System
 
GND
 Ground control frequency
 
GNSS
 Global Navigation Satellite System
 
GPS
 Global Positioning System
 
GPWS
 Ground Proximity Warning System
 
GS
 Glide Slope
 
GW
 Gross Weight
 
HAT
 Height Above Touchdown
 
HF
 High Frequency
 
HIRL
 High Intensity Runway Lighting
 
HSI
 Horizontal Situation Indicator
 
hPa
 Hectopascals
 
IAF
 Initial Approach Fix
 
IAP
 Instrument Approach Procedure
 
IAS
 Indicated Air Speed
 
ICAO
 International Civil Aviation Organization
 
IEM
 Interpretative and Explanatory Material 
(for compliance with JAR-OPS 1)
 
IF
 Intermediate Fix
 
IFR
 Instrument Flying Rules
 
ILS
 Instrument Landing System (see also GS and LOC)
 
ILS-DME
 Instrument Landing System with collocated Distance Measuring Equipment
 
IMC
 Instrument Meteorological Conditions
 
in.Hg
 Inches of Mercury (unit for pressure measurement)
 
INFO
 Information service frequency
 
IOE
 Initial Operating Experience (Line Training)
 
IRS
 Inertial Reference System
 
JAA
 European Joint Aviation Authority
 
JAR
 European Joint Aviation Regulations
 
JAR-AWO
 JAR - All Weather Operations requirements
 
JAR-OPS
 JAR Operations requirements
 
JSAT
 U.S. CAST Joint Safety Analysis Team
 
JSIT
 U.S. CAST Joint Safety Implementation Team
 
JSSI
 European Joint Safety Strategies and Initiatives
 
kt
 Knots
 
LAAS
 GPS Local Area [accuracy] Augmentation System
 
LAHSHO
 Land and Hold Short operation
 
Lateral Navigation
 FMS managed lateral navigation (i.e., NAV mode)
 
LDA
 LOC-type Directional Aid
 
LLWAS
 Low Level Windshear Alert System
 
LOC
 Localizer
 
LOC BCK CRS
 Localizer back course
 
LOFT
 Line Oriented Flight [simulator] Training
 
m
 Meters
 
MAP
 Missed Approach Point
 
MCDU
 Multi-purpose Control and Display Unit (see also CDU)
 
MDA(H)
 Minimum Descent Altitude (Height)
 
MEA
 Minimum Enroute Altitude
 
MEL
 Minimum Equipment List (operator' customized version of MMEL)
 
METAR
 Meteorological Airport [observation] Report
 
MMEL
 Master Minimum Equipment List (approved by operational authority)
 
Mode
 Type of guidance used to guide the aircraft towards a target or set of targets, or along a vertical flight path and/or lateral flight path
"Selected modes" refers to the modes armed or engaged by the pilot on the FCU 
"Managed modes" refers to FMS vertical navigation and lateral navigation
 
MSA
 Minimum Safe Altitude or Minimum Sector Altitude
 
MSAW
 Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (provided by ATC)
 
MSL
 Mean Sea Level (e.g., 1000 ft - altitude above MSL, indicated by the barometric altimeter when set to QNH)
 
NATS
 U.K. National Air Traffic Services
 
Navaid
 Navigation Aid (e.g., NDB, VOR, VOR-DME, LOC, ILS,...)
 
ND
 Navigation Display
 
NDB
 Non Directional Beacon
 
Next Target
 Any required element or combination of one or more of the following elements:
A position,
An altitude,
An aircraft configuration,
A speed,
A vertical speed, and/or
A power setting.
 
NEXT WPT
 The waypoint located after the TO WPT
 
nm
 Nautical miles
 
NOTAM
 NOtice To AirMen
 
OAT
 Outside Air Temperature
 
OCA(H)
 Obstacle Clearance Altitude (Height)
 
OM
 Outer Marker
 
PA
 assenger Address system
 
PAPI
 recision Approach Path Indicator
 
PF
 ilot Flying
 
PFD
 rimary Flight Display
 
PIC
 ilot In Command
 
PIREPS
 ilot REPorts
 
PNF
 ilot Not Flying
The PNF is sometimes referred to as the Pilot Monitoring to enhance his/her role in terms or monitoring, cross-check and backup
 
QAR
 Quick Access Recorder
 
QFE
 Actual atmospheric pressure at airport elevation
Altimeter setting required to read a height above airport elevation
 
QNH
 Actual atmospheric pressure at sea level, based on actual atmospheric pressure at station
Altimeter setting required to read an altitude above mean sea level (MSL)
 
QRH
 Quick Reference Handbook
 
R/I
 Radio / Inertial navigation
 
RA
 Depending on context:
Radio Altimeter, or
Resolution Advisory (see also TCAS)
 
RA DH
 Radio Altimeter Decision Height
 
Raw Data
 Raw navigation data: bearing and/or distance from aircraft to the tuned navaid
 
REIL
 Runway End Identification Lights
 
Reversion
 A mode reversion is a manual or automatic changeover from one AP mode to another mode (usually, a lower level of automation) resulting from:
- a pilot action (e.g., the selection of a lower level of automation or    the disengagement of a mode for manual reversion to the AP basic   mode); or,
- a system built-in condition (e.g., a guidance limit or an active flight   envelope  protection); or,
- a failure or temporary loss of the engaged mode.
 
RMI
 Radio Magnetic Indicator
 
RNAV
 aRea NAVigation (i.e., lateral navigation based on defined waypoints)
 
RNP
 Required Navigation [accuracy] Performance
 
RVR
 Runway Visual Range
 
RVSM
 Reduced Vertical Separation Minima
 
SAT
 Static Air Temperature
 
SDF
 Simplified Directional Facility
 
SID
 Standard Instruments Departure
 
SOPs
 Standard Operating Procedures
 
Stabilization Height
 The height above airfield elevation or the height above touchdown (HAT) at which the aircraft should be stabilized for the approach to be continued; the stabilization height should be:
- 1000 ft in IMC
- 500 ft in VMC
 
STAR
 Standard Terminal ARrival
 
STD
 Standard altimeter setting (i.e., 1013.2 hPa or 29.92 in.hg)
 
TA
 Traffic Advisory (see also TCAS)
 
Target
 A guidance target (e.g., a speed, heading, altitude, vertical speed, flight path angle, track, course, etc) selected by the pilot on the appropriate panel (FCU, FMS CDU or keyboard)
 
TAS
 True Air Speed
 
TAWS
 Terrain Awareness and Warning System
TAWS is the term used by the European JAA and the U.S. FAA to describe equipment meeting ICAO standards and recommendations for ground-proximity warning system (GPWS) equipment that provides predictive terrain-hazard warnings
 
TCAS
 Traffic Collision Avoidance System (see also ACAS)
 
TDWR
 Terminal Doppler Weather Radar
Weather radar capable of detecting areas of wind shear activity
 
TDZ
 Touch Down Zone
 
TDZE
 Touch Down Zone Elevation
 
TERPS
 U.S. Standard for Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures  (FAR - Part 97)
 
TO WPT
 Waypoint of the F-PLN flight plan considered by the FMS for immediate lateral navigation guidance (in case of incorrect flight plan sequencing, the TO WPT may happen to be behind the aircraft)
 
TOD
 Top Of Descent
 
Transition
 A mode transition is a manual or automatic changeover from one AP mode to another mode, resulting from:
- a pilot action (e.g., the selection of a new mode on the FCU,    as appropriate for the task or following an ATC instruction); or,
- an automatic mode sequencing resulting from a prior mode selection   involving several mode changes in sequence (e.g., altitude capture   changeover to altitude hold or selected heading changeover to localizer   capture then to localizer tracking)
 
V APP
 Final Approach Speed
 
V MCL
 Minimum control speed in landing configuration with the critical engine inoperative
 
V REF
 Reference approach speed (also referred to as threshold reference speed or target threshold speed)
 
V stall
 Stalling speed (in a specified configuration)
 
V/S
 Vertical speed or AP Vertical Speed mode
 
VASI
 Visual Approach Indicator
 
VDP
 Visual Descent / Decision Point
 
Vertical Navigation
 FMS-managed vertical navigation
 
VFR
 Visual Flying Rules
 
VHF
 Very High Frequency
 
VMC
 Visual Meteorological Conditions
 
VOR
 VHF Omni Range
 
VOR-DME
 Collocated VOR and DME navaids
 
WAAS
 GPS Wide Area [accuracy] Augmentation System
 
WMO
 World Meteorological Organization
 

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