Chapter 4 Departure Charts

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Chapter 4
Departure Charts
Chapter 4 Departure Charts
§4.1 Introduction
§4.2 Arrangement and Information of
Departure Charts
§4.3 Examples of Chart
§4.1 Introduction
The purpose of using departure charts are
• Provide a transition between the airport
and the enroute structure after take off
• Reduce frequency congestion, ensure
obstacle clearance
• Control the flow of traffic around an airport
• Reduce fuel consumption, and may
include noise abatement procedures
Departure charts are normally filed in the
Jeppesen Airway Manual preceding the
approach charts for the corresponding
airport.
On the upper right corner of the chart
identifies the chart as a SID or
DEPARTURE (DP).
To find a departure chart for a particular
airport, look up at the city in which the
airport is located. The index number at
the top of the chart ends in “0-3”for
departure charts.
When more than one departure chart
exists for an airport, their index numbers
are listed in alphabetic sequence.
If there are more than one departure
procedures at one chart, the names of the
departure procedures are listed on the top
of the plan view.
Before taking off from an airport, a particular
procedure should be chosen. Because of
this, the departure charts must be read
carefully before the flight.
§4.2 Composition and
Information of Departure Charts
• Heading
• Plan View
Heading
Plan View
§4.2.1 Heading
The heading of departure includes information
about date, communications, transition level
and transition altitude, departure
procedures naming and numbering.
Pilots could find the proper airports and
departure procedures by checking the
heading of departure charts.
§4.2.1.1 Heading Border Data
The heading border data includes:
• Chart procedure identifier
• Location name
• ICAO Airport Identifier/ICAO Location Indicator
• Chart index number
• Revision dates
ICAO Airport
Identifier/ICAO
Location Indicator
Location
Name
Departure
Frequency Revision
Date
Chart
Procedure
Chart Index Identifier
Number
Effective
Date
Airport
Elevation
Primary Airport
Name
Chart Procedure Identifier
Chart procedure identifier helps pilots quickly
identify the correct type of chart（departure,
arrival, approach, and so on）
Some charts provide additional information
about the type of departure. For example,
displays “SID(R)” in the heading ,which tells
the pilot that operative ATC radar is required
for the departure.
Some charts use the designation “RNAV SID”
to alert pilots that only aircraft with area
navigation equipment can use this departure.
Location Name
For civilian airports, the geographic
location is usually the same as the
major city it serves. Charts for military
airports list the installation name first,
with the city displayed below it.
Primary Airport Name
At the Plainview of departure
charts, the positions where
the main airports locate are
denoted by circular shadow.
If there is a “-” before the name of an
airport, that means the location name
should be a part of the main airport’s
name
If one departure chart
can be used at
many airports, the
secondary airports
are listed under the
main airport.
Another kind of departure chart is area departure
chart. This kind of chars can serve many
different airports and there is no primary and
secondary.
Chart Index Number
The chart index number helps pilots to
sequence and locate charts within
Airway Manual.
Revision dates
If the effective date is not indicated, the
chart will become effective at once.
chart date effective date
§4.2.1.2 Communications
Information about communications is displayed
within a box in the heading on the left.
The departure frequency may display one or
more of the following frequencies:
• Approach
• Center
• Clearance
• Control
• Radar
An asterisk (*) in front of the name of a
frequency indicates that the service is
not available at all times ;
An (R) that follows the frequency type
means that radar is available for that
service.
§4.2.1.3 Transition Level
and Transition Altitude
The transition level and transition altitude are
shown following the communication frame.
§4.2.1.4 Chart Naming and
Numbering
Generally, departure procedures are named
after the last fix on the SID, which transitions
the pilot to the enroute structure.
Sometimes, a plan view displays more than
one departure procedure. When several
departures end at the same fix, they are
distinguished numerically.
The code name in
navigation database. It
couldn't be used to fill
flight plan, or
communicate with ATC.
ATTOL 2A and ATTOL
2C all end at ATTOL
Typically in the United States, there are
transition routes that guide pilots from the
departure route to a fix in the enroute
structure. In these cases, the SID is usually
named after the last fix on the departure
and beginning of the transition.
When a significant portion of a departure
procedure is revised, such as an altitude, a
route, or data concerning the navaid, the
number of the departure changes.
For Example, the Maric Three Departure
is the third version of the modifications
made to this procedure.
A few departure charts, as those for Mexico, are
simply named “Departures.” In front of it is the
designations of applicable runways for the route
charted. These charts represent preferred
departure routes for the airport listed.
Finally, a few airports provide initial climb-out
procedures when their departure procedures are
particularly complicated or detailed. These
procedures provide pilots with guidance for a
route from a particular airport runway to a fix that
begins a published departure procedure.
With the departure name, a number of other
important data may be listed:
• High enroute designator
• Departure code
• Departure type
• Runway designations
• Departure direction
High Enroute Designator
A “(Hi)” designation displayed with the route
name means that the departure procedure or
transition route ends at a fix within the high
altitude enroute structure.
Departure Code
For charts that depict airports that have
computerized their route identification for
flight planning/filing purposes, the computer
code for a particular departure procedure
displays in circinal brackets following the
route name.
Departure Type
When listed, the type of departure follows the
name of the route. Departure types could be
PILOT NAV, RNAV, VECTOR, DME, or GPS.
Runway Designations
If a departure applies to specific runways,
they are listed below the title. Otherwise,
they are specified in the plan view of the
chart.
Departure Direction
Many large airports have different routes
designated for aircraft headed for specific
airways or cardinal headings.
§4.2.1.5 Chart Restrictions
The chart title may include any number of
restrictions, such as:
• Kind of airplane
• Speed
• Kind of equipment
• Noise abatement
Kind of Airplane
Some routes are designated specifically for
jet, turboprop, or non-turbojet airplanes.
Speed
Restrictions on speed are often noted in a
reverse-type box with several criteria for the
pilot to follow.
Kind of Equipment
Since departures can be simplified with the use
of navigation systems, RNAV SIDs often
specify the kind of equipment required to fly
that departure.
Noise Abatement
When special procedures exist for noise
abatement purposes, they are often
referenced with a note below the title of
the departure.
§4.2.2 Plan View
A pilot checks for certain instructions, such as
headings, climb gradients, and altitudes, as
well as speed, airspace, and noise
abatement restrictions.
The direction of this symbol represents the
north direction. It always point to the up
side of a departure chart.
“NOT TO SCALE” means that the chart is
not plotted to scale. But the geography
positions and direction information are
precise.
§4.2.2.1 Airports
The primary airport is displayed in the plan view by a
shaded circular area. Within the Primary airport
symbol is a depiction of the airport’s runways. The
chart shows the runway orientation and relative
runway lengths.
Sometimes, the departure chart for a particular airport
includes other airports in the vicinity. The symbol
used for the secondary airport depends on whether
the airport is civilian or military.
军用卫星机场
民用卫星机场
Military airport
Civilian airport
If there are second airports at a departure chart,
and relative explain can be found at the plan
view, the procedures released can also be
used by these airports. Reverse, the
procedures are forbidden to use by these
airports.
AREA DEPARTURE can be used by several
airports and there is no primary and
secondary. Because of this, there is no
shaded circular area and runway symbols.

§4.2.2.2 Navaid and Fixes
Departure routes are defined by various navigation
facilities in the area. Typically, the departure chart
shows all the navaids that define the route within the
plan view section of the chart.
Along the route, there may be designated locations
that provide a means for checking the progress of
the flight. These fixes may be defined by their
relative position to various navaid, as well as latitude
and longitude positioning.
Departure charts use a variety of symbols to depict the
different navigation facilities and fixes.
§4.2.2.3 Flight Tracks
Departure plan view includes graphic symbols that
portray the various tracks and transitions served by
the procedure.
• A bold-lined arrow indicates the SID track
• A bold dashed line represents transition tracks
If there are more than one transition procedures in a
departure chart, the names of transition procedures
should be denoted near the transition tracks.
Meanwhile, corresponding textual explanation
should be contained in the departure chart.
• A thin, real line with arrows represents VOR
Radials or NDB bearing
• A thin, curved line represents a DME arc. The
DME arc is not the real track. It can be used to
indicate the change of heading and altitude, or the
restriction line when turning. The unit “NM” is
labeled on the DME arc.
• If there is a route identification code near the
departure track, it means that the departure
track is a part of this route.
• A series of small arrows represents radar
vectoring .That means pilots could obtain
radar vectoring .
• Some textual description about SID track and
altitude information.
• When there are several departure
procedures in a chart, the SID names are
used near by the track to denote which
departure procedure the track belongs to.
Information about flight track and altitude of
the corresponding procedure can be found
in the table at the bottom or the plan view of
chart.
Radar DME Arc
Vectoring
SID Track
Route
identification
code
VOR Radial
Transition
Procedures Name
Transition Track
SID Name
SID textual
description
§4.2.2.4 Departure Elements
Textual descriptions about route and altitude
of departure often accompany the graphics
on the plan view of a chart.
Initial climb
Routing
Take-off
minimums
Take-off
You may find “Take off” information in text in
the plan view, or in a table at the bottom of
the chart, labeled by “TAKE-OFF”
In some cases, instructions about take-off is
labeled with runway number of SID to
which they apply or aircraft types.
Some SIDs are so complex that there must
be a individual diagram to illustrate climb
procedures (infrequent).
When using such kind of SID, pilots should
follow the corresponding climb procedure.
When the aircraft get to the last fix, pilots
should fly following the SID procedures.
Climb
Unless specified otherwise, SIDs provide
obstacle clearance protection as long as
the aircraft:
• is 35 feet high as it crosses the departure
end of the runway
• dose not turn until reaching 400 feet
• climbs at least 200 feet per NM
Some SIDs require increased or unusual
aircraft performance characteristics to
ensure obstacle or terrain clearance
during the climb phase. In addition to
the climb and altitude instructions, notes
in the plan view specify a climb gradient
in feet per nautical mile.
When take-off, GS 200KT, take off from 24L,. Using
the climb gradient 205ˊ per NM to calculate the
corresponding climb rate should be 833ft/min. Keep
this rate and climb to 3100 feet.
Use the following formula to calculate climb rate
climb rate=(GS/60) ×climb gradient
Before climbing to the requiring altitude of
the SID, pilots must obey this climb
gradient strictly. Especially when meeting
bad weather, such as turbulence、icing,
it is very important to maintain this climb
gradient.
Transition Route
A transition route sequences the flight
from the SID to a fix within the enroute
structure.
Not all charts include transitions. The
design of the departure determines if a
transition route is available and used on
a particular SID. Transitions are more
common in certain regions, particularly
North America.
Transition routes are shown as bold, dashed
lines, and are accompanied by labels when
more than one is displayed on a chart, the
transition route labels may include:
• Transition name
• Identifier code (for computerized flight plan
filing)
• Altitude
• DME
See the “AVENAL”
transition route in the
chart.
• Identifier code —
GMN4.AVE
• segment distance from
GORMAN VORTAC to
COREZ—55NM,MEA
11000FT,MOCA
10000FT
• segment distance from
COREZ to AVENAL
VORTAC —25NM,MEA
4000FT
Transition routes end at a fix on an enroute
airway. When the transition end point is
within the high altitude enroute structure,
it’s usually marked “High Altitude”.
§4.2.2.5 Altitudes
Departure charts show important altitude
information, often crucial to the proper
execution of the procedure. A SID chart
may display altitude instructions for:
• MSAs
• Route segments
• Fixes
MSAs
The minimum safe altitude (MSA) is shown as
a graphic on departure charts. MSA is
provided when specified by the controlling
authority.
MSA provides 1,000 feet of obstruction
clearance within a specified distance (25
miles unless specified otherwise) from a
navigation facility.
MSA is designed only for use in an
emergency or during VFR flight, such as
a visual approach at night.
Each MSA is applicable only to the
departure on which it is displayed, and
may not be used for any other procedure.
Consider LAX VOR as the
center of a circle whose
radial is 25NM. This circle
is divided into three parts:
• 010°-120°, MSA 4400FT
• 120°-240°, MSA 7700FT
• 240°-010°, MSA 2700FT
2. Route Segments
While the MSA affects a 25-mile radius,
other altitude figures may apply only to
a route segment.
Using the departure
procedure Per Three
Alfa at Glasgow. Fly to
north to DUMBA fix.
When get to Glasgow
VOR radial 300°, the
aircraft must climb to no
less than 2500FT.
The following types of altitude notations
may also be seen along route segments:
• MEA
• MOCA
• MAA
The MEA for
the GORMAN
Transition is
9,500feet.The
Lake Hughes
Transition has
an MEA of
7,800 feet.
The MEA for the
CENTRALIA
Transition is
6,000feet, while
the MOCA is
2,100feet.
The MEA for the
HILTS
Transition is
3,000feet, while
the MOCA is
2,200feet, MAA
FL290.
3. Fixes
Sometimes a SID chart shows specific
altitude instructions for a particular fix.
• One limit to a maximum altitude at a
specific fix
• Another limit to a minimum altitude at a
specific fix.
On the Gorman transition,
the crossing altitude
restriction at NINTY is
at or above 8,800 feet,
but if flying the Lake
Hughes transition,
you'd cross at or above
6,000feet.
There are numerous
types of crossing
altitude restrictions
on SIDs. It requires a
crossing altitude
restriction no higher
than 3,000feet when
flying over CARAI
intersection
§4.2.2.6 Chart Restrictions
The plan view may display a variety of
restrictions that affect the selection of a
particular departure. A locality’s terrain,
traffic, man-made structure, available
navigation equipment, population centers, or
a host of other reasons may necessitate
unique restrictions for a particular route.
These instructions are displayed in the plan
view of the chart.
It’s important to thoroughly review the
plan view section of the selected or
assigned SID to ensure that the aircraft
can comply with the restrictions listed. If
pilots or the aircraft do not meet the
requirements of an assigned SID , pilots
should contact ATC as soon as possible.
Most restrictions fall into one of the following
categories:
• Aircraft type and equipment
• Airspeed
• Inoperative navigation equipment
• Lost communications
• Noise abatement
• Special use areas
Aircraft type and Equipment
Restrictions having to do with the type of
aircraft or equipment onboard are
usually prominently displayed with the
SID title.

Airspeed
Departure charts often show speed limits
for aircraft flying along a SID.
If the airspeed
restriction is
denoted in a
frame, that
means this
restriction could
be applied to
every route
covered by the
chart.
Text without boxes
along the affected
portion of the route
on the plan view. The
speed limit is
reiterated in the
textual routing
instructions.
If there are several
maximum speeds,
Pilots must
determine the limit
that affects pilots
according to the
position along the
route, position
relative to the airport,
altitude or other
parameter listed.
Inoperative Navigation Equipment
When an airport’s equipment is inoperable,
it may affect the usability of the SID.
Usually, the chart provides alternate
instructions for use when the navaid is
inoperable.

Certain departures are usable only when
radar is operable within the airport
environment depicted on the chart.
Lost Communications
Standard procedures have been
established for use when a pilot loses
communications with ATC during an IFR
flight.
Sometime a particular SID has special
procedures associated with it for a pilot
who experiences lost communications.
When such special lost communications
instructions exist, there will be a textual
description on the chart.

Noise Abatement
In densely populated areas, airport officials
have devised routes and procedures that
minimize discomfort for citizens living in
the vicinity of their airports.
Some SIDs listed already take noise
abatement measures into account. It also
includes alternate instructions for aircraft
that do not have to comply with noise
abatement procedures.
• Some airport noise abatement restrictions
are so complex that they cannot be included
on the plan view of a chart. In this case, the
departure chart refers pilots to a separate
chart that contains noise abatement
procedures.

Special Use Areas
When special use areas (SUAs) —
specifically prohibited, restricted, and
danger areas-are referenced in a SID,
they are charted on the plan view.
Any prohibited area within 5 NM of a route
centerline or primary airport is charted,
even if not referenced .
SUA boundaries, like
LE(D)-61, are depicted with
a hatched line.
LE refers to the country within which the SUA
belongs;
(D) designates a Danger Area, although you
may also encounter (P) for Prohibited or (R)
for Restricted;
61 refers to the specific area. Every country’s
SUAS are listed sequentially for easy
reference.
§4.3 Flying a Departure
This lesson guide you through the
procedural steps for flying a standard
Instrument Departure （SID).
In this lesson, you will learn how to fill a
departure plan for departure, how to fly a
departure and how to fly with lost
communications.
§4.3.1 Flight Planning
for Departures
Pilots offer different scenarios that might
occur about flight to the ATC.
Pilots may request a particular SID in the
flight plan, or one may be assigned by
ATC in the clearance.
When departing an airport with published
SIDs, pilots will make use of a SID route
when planning the flight.
The flight plan shows that
the pilot intends to fly from
Arlington (KGKY) to
Texarkana （KTXK), using
the Dallas Six departure.
If pilots has chose a SID to fly, they must have the charted
procedure, or at least the textual description of the SID.
Otherwise, “NO SID” should be entered in the remarks
section of the flight plan.
When ATC agrees to accommodate the route
as filed with little or no change, the
controller responds with an abbreviated IFR
departure clearance and the phrase
“cleared as filed”.
When traffic congestion, weather, or other
conditions warrant, the controller may
specify a different SID, route, or altitude
than the one you requested.
In many parts of the world, acceptance of
the flight plan by ATC, and the
subsequent transfer of flight plan
information from one control region to
another, is facilitated by a computerized
flight plan strip. All the essential flight
plan data is condensed, codified, and
displayed on a computer monitor.
Longitude and
latitude of
destination
Flight
number
RSP (responder
beacon) code
Flight route
Aircraft type
and
equipment
Computer
code
Estimate
time of
take off
Designated
cruise
altitude
Longitude and latitude
of the first important
fix、destination and
the first important fix
of arrival and
approach
Code of the
first
important
fix after
take off
Flight rule: IFR;
Not airliner
Flight number
Number、Type of
aircraft; wake
turbulence
Departure airport Estimated time
of take off
Equipment
Cruising speed
and level
Destination, total
eft, 2nd altn airport
§4.3.2 Flying a SID
When prepare for taking off, pilots must be
familiar with the important information
displays in the SIDs.
The following is several examples. We will
use these examples to teach you how to fly
a SID.
GORMAN
FOUR
DEPARTURE
PPG 4N
Departure
Departure climb
procedure for PPG
4N Departure
§4.3.3 Flying an RNAV Departure
RNAV (Area Navigation ）—flight utilizing
navigation by GPS, FMS, VOR/DME, LORAN,
and INS system.
Departures that have been designed specifically
for RNAV- equipped aircraft are labeled
“RNAV” in the upper right hand corner of the
chart, and in the title of the departure
procedure.
If a departure chart is an RNAV SID. Only aircraft
equipped with GPS or FMS navigation
equipment can use this departure.
ATTOL 2
departure at
Hong Kong
INTL
§4.3.4 Flying with Lost
Communications
The loss of communications after takeoff is a serious
concern for pilots on an IFR flight plan. FAA,、
ICAO and JAA all have separate procedures for
dealing with a loss of communications. According
to FAA FARs, you should:
• Set your transponder to 7600, the standard code
for radio failure.
• If possible, continue flight in VFR conditions and
land as soon as practicable. Then, notify the
appropriate air traffic control authority.
If you must continue flight under IFR
conditions, you should handle lost
communications in one of the following
ways:
• Comply with standard communications
failure procedures unless otherwise
authorized by ATC.
• Follow the lost communication
procedures published on some SIDs.
Standard Communications
Failure Procedures
• The route assigned in the last clearance
received.
• If being radar vectored, the direct route
from the point of radio failure to the fix,
route, or airway specified in the radar
vector clearance.
• In the absence of an assigned route, the
route you were advised to expect in a
further clearance.
Lost Communication Procedures
When lost communications procedures have been
established for an instrument departure, a textual
description of the instructions are displayed on the
departure chart.
• One set of instructions applies to IFR flights in
which communications are lost within 10 minutes
of takeoff.
• Another set of instructions applies to
communications failure immediately after takeoff
before turning.
• A third set of instructions applies to flight in which
communications are lost more than ten minutes
after takeoff.

coindong

Chapter 8 Differences Between Jeppesen Database & Charts

thunderland

Thanks for sharing!

信恒毅

下来看看学习一下

tonyblairer

很好的资料，谢谢分享