250, 350 L18 2P/L 1,800 2,000 III 8
DGA-15 (GH Nightingale, NH) DG15 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-19
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
IAI (Israel)
(Also ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES, ASTRA, GULFSTREAM)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
101 Avara, 102, 201, 202 ARVA 2T/S+ 1,300 1,000 III 5
1123 Westwind WW23 2J/S+ 4,000 3,500 III 7
1124 Westwind WW24 2J/S+ 4,000 3,500 III 7
1125 Gulfstream 100, (C-38) ASTR 2J/S+ 4,000 3,500 III 7
1126 Gulfstream 200 GALX 2J/S+ III
Gulfstream 150 G150 2J/S+ III
ILYUSHIN (Russia)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
A-50, Be-976 A50 4J/H III
Il-14 IL14 2P/S+ III
Il-18/20/22/24, Bizon, Zebra IL18 4T/L III
Il-28 IL28 2J/L III
Il-38 IL38 4J/L III
IL-62 IL62 4J/H 3,500 2,500 III
IL-76/78/82, Gajaraj IL76 4J/H 3,000 2,500 III
Il-86/87 IL86 4J/H III
Il-96 IL96 4J/H III
Il-103 I103 1P/S I
Il-114 I114 2T/L III
JETSTREAM (UK - see British Aerospace)
LAKE AIRCRAFT (USA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
LA-250/270 (Turbo) Renegade,
Seawolf, SeaFury***
LA25 1P/S 700 700 I 2
LA-4/200, Buccaneer*** LA4 1P/S 1,100 1,000 I 2
LOCKHEED CORP. (USA)
(Also AERITALIA, CANADAIR, FIAT, FOKKER, HOWARD, LEAR, LOCKHEED-BOEING, LOCKHEED-MARTIN, MBB,
MESSERSCHMITT, MITSUBISHI, PACAERO, ROCKWELL, SABCA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
B-34, PV Venture, Harpoon
(L-15/137/237)
L37 2P/S+ III
C-5 Galaxy (L-500) C5 4J/H 2,500 2,000 III
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-20 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Model Type
Designator
Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
C-130A/B/E/F/H, CC-130, DC-130,
EC-130/E/G/H/Q, HC-130, JC-130,
KC-130B/F/H/R/T, LC-130, MC-130,
NC-130, RC-130, TC-130, VC-130,
WC-130E/H, T-10, TK-10, TL-10,
Tp84 Hercules, Spectre, Aya, Karnaf,
Sapeer (L-100/182/282/382)
C130 4T/L 1,500 1,500 III
C-141 Starlifter (L-300) C141 4J/H 3,500 3,000 III
L-049/749/1049 Constellation,
Super Constellation, Starliner (C-121,
RC-121, EC-121, VC-121, WV, R7V,
Warning Star)
CONI 4P/L 1,700 1,700 III 9
F-22 Raptor (L-645) F22* 2J/L III
F-104, RF-104, TF-104 Starfighter
(L583/683)
F104* 1J/L 5,000 4,000 III
F-117 Nighthawk F117 2J/L III
L-1011 Tri-Star (all series) L101 3J/H 3,500 3,000 III 9
L-18 Lodestar (C-56/57/59/60, R50,
XR50)
L18 2P/L 1,800 2,000 III
L-188 Electra L188 4T/L 1,850 2,000 III 7
L-1329 Jetstar 6/8 L29A 4J/L 4,000 3,500 III 8
L-1329-5 Jetstar 2/731 L29B 4J/L 4,000 3,000 III 9
P-2D to H, SP-2, P2V Neptune
(L-426/726/826)
P2 2P/L III
P-3, AP-3, EP-3, NP-3, RP-3, TP-3,
UP-3, VP-3, WP-3, CP-140 Orion,
Aurora, Arcturus (L-85/285/685/785)
P3 4T/L 1,850 2,000 III
P-38, F-5 Lightning (L-222/322/422) P38 2P/S+ III
S-3, ES-3, US-3 Viking (L-394) S3 2J/L 2,000 2,000 III
SR-71 Blackbird SR71 2J/L III
T-33, AT-33, NT-33, RT-33 Shooting
Star, T-Bird (L-580)
T33* 2J/L 2,000 2,000 III
U-2, ER-2 U2* 1J/S+ 6,000 6,000 III
MARTIN COMPANY (USA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
404 M404 2P/L 1,600 1,500 III 3
B-26 Marauder (179) B26M 2P/S+ III
WB-57 (272) WB57 2J/L III
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-21
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
MAULE AIRCRAFT CORP. (USA)
(Also SAASA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
M-4 Bee Dee, Jetasen, Rocket,
Astro Rocket, Strata Rocket
M4 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 1
M-5, Strata Rocket, Lunar Rocket,
Patroller
M5 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 1
M-6 Super-Rocket M6 1P/S 1,500 1,000 I 1
M-7-235/260, MT-7-235/260,
MX-7-160/180/235, MXT-7-160/180
Super Rocket, Star Rocket, Comet,
Star Craft, Orion, Sportplane
M7 1P/S 825 I 1
M-7-420, MT-7-240, MX-7-420,
MXT-7-420 Star Craft
M7T 1T/S 4,500 I 1
M-8 M8 1P/S I
MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS CORP. (USA)
(Also ASTA, BOEING, DOUGLAS, GAF, LISUNOV, MITSUBISHI, ON MARK, SHANGHAI, VALMET)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Skywarrior A3* 2J/L 5,000 6,000 III
A-4, OA-4, TA-4 Skyhawk A4* 1J/S+ 5,000 5,000 III
Invader B26 2P/L 1,000 1,000 III
YC-15 C15 4J/L III
C-17 Globemaster 3 C17 4J/H III
DC-10 (KC-10 Extender, KDC-10,
MD-10)
DC10 3J/H 2,400 2,000 III 9
Skytrain (C-47, C-53, C-117 A/B/C,
R4D 1 to 7)
DC3 2P/S+ 1,200 1,200 III
Super DC-3 (C-117D, R4D 8) DC3S 2P/S+ 1,330 1,330 III 8
Skymaster DC4 4P/L 2,300 2,300 III 7
DC-6/B Liftmaster DC6 4P/L 1,000 1,000 III 7
DC-7/B/C Seven Seas DC7 4P/L 1,250 1,250 III 8
DC-8-50, Jet Trader DC85 4J/H 4,000 4,000 III 9
DC-8-60 DC86 4J/H 4,000 4,000 III
DC-8-70 DC87 4J/H 5,000 4,000 III 9
DC-9-10 DC91 2J/L 3,000 3,000 III 8
DC-9-20 DC92 2J/L 3,000 3,000 III 8
DC-9-30 (C-9, VC-9, Nightingale,
Skytrain 2)
DC93 2J/L 3,000 3,000 III 8
DC-9-40 DC94 2J/L 3,000 3,000 III 8
DC-9-50 DC95 2J/L 3,000 3,000 III 8
F-15 Eagle, Baz, Akef, Ra'am F15* 2J/L 8,000 5,000 III
FA-18, CF-18, CF-188, EF-18, C-15,
CE-15, AF-18,
ATF-18 Hornet, Super Hornet
F18* 2J/L 8,000 6,000 III
F-4, RF-4, QF-4 Phantom 2/2000,
Kurnass
F4* 2J/L 8,000 6,000 III
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-22 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Model Type
Designator
Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
MD-11 MD11 3J/H III 9
MD-81 MD81 2J/L 3,500 3,000 III 7
MD-82 MD82 2J/L 3,500 3,000 III 7
MD-83 MD83 2J/L 3,500 3,000 III 8
MD-87 MD87 2J/L 3,500 3,000 III 7
MD-88 MD88 2J/L 3,500 3,000 III 8
MD-90 MD90 2J/L III 8
MESSERSCHMITT (FRG)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Bf-108 Taifun ME08 1P/S 400 500 I 1
Bf-109 ME09 1P/S I
Me-262, Replica ME62 2J/S+ III
MESSERSCHMITT-BOLKOW (FRG)
(Also BOLKOW, HFB, NORD, SIAT)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
223 Flamingo S223 1P/S I
BO-209 Monsun B209 1P/S 1,100 1,100 I 4
MITSUBISHI AIRCRAFT INTERNATIONAL INC. (USA/Japan)
(Also BEECH, RAYTHEON)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
A6M Zero ZERO 1P/S I
F-1 F1 2J/S+ III
F-2 F2 1J/L 8,000 5,000 III
F-86 Sabre F86 IJ/L 4,000 4,000 III
MU-2, Marquise, Solitaire (LR-1) MU2 2T/S 3,500 3,000 II 6
MU-300 Diamond MU30 2J/S+ 3,500 4,000 III 7
T-2 MT2 2J/S+ III
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-23
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
MOONEY AIRCRAFT CORP. (USA)
(Also AEROSTAR, ALON)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
A-2 Aircoupe ERCO 1P/S 630 630 I 2
M-10 Cadet M10 1P/S 800 800 I 1
M-18 Mite, Wee Scotsman MITE 1P/S 750 750 I 1
M-20, M-20/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/J/L/R/S,
Mark 21, Allegro, Eagle, Ranger,
Master, Super 21, Chaparral,
Executive, Statesman, Ovation, 201,
202, 205, 220, ATS, MSE,
PFM (nonturbocharged engine)
M20P 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 4
M-20K/M, Encore, Bravo, 231, 252,
TLS, TSE (turbocharged engine)
M20T 1P/S 1,500 1,200 I 6
M-22, Mustang M22 1P/S 1,300 1,300 I 3
MUDRY (France)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
CAP-10 CP10 1P/S 1,500 2,000 I 4
CAP-20 CP20 1P/S 1,500 2,000 I 4
CAP-21 CP21 1P/S I
CAP-230/231/232 CP23 1P/S I
D-140 Mousquetaire D140 1P/S I
NAMC (Japan)
(Also MITSUBISHI)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
YS-11 YS11 2T/L 1,500 1,500 III 6
NAVION (USA)
(Also CAMAIR, RILEY, TEMCO)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Rangemaster RANG 1P/S 1,250 1,500 I 1
NOORDYUN AVIATION LTD. (Canada)
(Also CCF)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Norseman Mk 4/5/6 NORS 1P/S 700 1,000 I 2
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-24 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
NORD (France)
(Also AEROSPATIALE, HOLSTE, NORDFLUG, TRANSALL)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Transall C-160 C160 2T/L 2,000 2,000 III
260 Super Broussard N260 2T/S+ 2,500 2,000 III
262, Frégate, Mohawk 298 N262 2T/S+ 2,500 2,000 III
1000, 1001, 1002 Pingouin ME08 1P/S 400 500 III
1101, 1102, Noralpha, Ramier N110 1P/S I
1200 to 1204 Norecrin N120 1P/S I
2501 to 2508 Noratlas NORA 2P/L 1,500 1,500 III
3202 N320 1P/S I
3400 N340 1P/S I
SV-4 SV4 1P/S I
NORTHERN AVIATION (USA-see Bellanca)
NORTHROP CORP. (USA)
(Also CANADAIR, CASA, AIDC, F+W EMMEN, KOREAN AIR, NORTHROP GRUMMAN)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
B-2 Spirit B2 4J/H III
C-125 Raider C125 3P/L III
E-2 Hawkeye E2 2T/L 2,690 3,000 III
F-5, RF-5 Freedom Fighter, Tiger 2,
Tigereye (N-156C/F)
F5* 2J/S+ 8,000 5,000 III
P-61 Black Widow P61 2P/S+ III
T-38, AT-38 Talon (N-156T) T38* 2J/S+ 8,000 5,000 III
PARTENAVIA (Italy)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
AP-68TP-300 Spartacus P68T 2T/S 1,500 1,500 II 3
AP-68TP-600 Viator VTOR 2T/S 1,500 1,500 II 8
P-57 Fachiro 2 P57 1P/S I
P-64/66 Oscar, Charlie OSCR 1P/S 800 1,000 I 2
P68,Victor, Observer P68 2P/S 1,200 1,000 I 3
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-25
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
PIAGGIO (Industrie Aeronautiche E Meccaniche Rinaldo Piaggio SpA) (Italy)
(Also PIAGGIO-DOUGLAS, TRECKER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
P-136*** P136 2P/S 1,250 1,500 II 4
P-148 P148 1P/S I
P-149 P149 1P/S I
P-166, P-166A/B/C/DL2/M/S,
Portofino, Albatross
P66P 2P/S 1,350 1,500 II 3
P-166DL3/DP1 P66T 2T/S II
P-180 Avanti P180 2T/S II 1
PD-808 P808 2J/S+ 4,000 3,500 III 9
PILATUS FLUGZEUGWERKE AG (Switzerland)
(Also FAIRCHILD, FAIRCHILD-HILLER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
P-2 PP2 1P/S I
P-3 PP3 1P/S I
PC-6 Porter PC6P 1P/S 600 600 I
PC-6A/B/C Turbo Porter (UV-20
Chiricahua)
PC6T 1T/S 1,250 1,500 I
PC-7 Turbo Trainer (AT-92, Astra) PC7 1T/S 2,800 I 1
PC-9, Hudurnik PC9 1T/S I
PC-12, Eagle PC12 1T/S 1,900 I 4
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORP. (USA)
(Also AEROSTAR, AICSA, CHINCUL, COLEMILL, EMBRAER, INDAER CHILE, JOHNSTON, MACHEN,
MILLER, NIEVA, SCHAFER, SEGUIN, PZL-MIELEC, TED SMITH, WAGAERO)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
AP-60, Aerostar AEST 2P/S 1,500 1,500 II
J-2 Cub J2 1P/S 500 500 I 1
J-3 Cub (L-4, NE) J3 1P/S 500 500 I 1
J-4 Cub Coupe J4 1P/S 500 500 I 1
J-5 Cub Cruiser (L-14, AE) J5 1P/S 500 500 I 1
PA-11 Cub Special (L-18B) PA11 1P/S 500 500 I 1
PA-12 Super Cruiser PA12 1P/S 600 600 I 1
PA-14 Family Cruiser PA14 1P/S 600 600 I 1
PA-15 Vagabond PA15 1P/S 500 500 I 1
PA-16 Clipper PA16 1P/S 500 500 I 1
PA-17 Vagabond, Vagabond Trainer PA17 1P/S 500 500 I 1
PA-18 Super Cub (L-18C, L-21,
U-7)
PA18 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 1
PA-20 Pacer PA20 1P/S 850 1,000 I 1
PA-22 Tri-Pacer, Caribbean, Colt PA22 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 2
PA-23-150/160 Apache PA23 2P/S 1,050 1,000 II 2
PA-24 Comanche PA24 1P/S 900 1,000 I 4
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-26 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Model Type
Designator
Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
PA-25 Pawnee PA25 1P/S 650 650 I 1
PA-23-235/250 Aztec, Turbo Aztec
(U-11, E-19, UC-26)
PA27 2P/S 1,500 1,500 II 3
PA-28-140/150/151/
160/161/180/181Archer, Cadet,
Cherokee, Cherokee Archer/
Challenger/Chief/Cruiser/Flite Liner/
Warrior
P28A 1P/S 750 1,000 I 1
PA-28-201T/235/236 Cherokee,
Cherokee Charger/Pathfinder, Dakota,
Turbo Dakota
P28B 1P/S 900 1,000 I 3
PA-28R-1802/3, Turbo Arrow
3/200/201 Cherokee Arrow, Arrow
P28R 1P/S 750 1,000 I 3
PA-28RT Arrow 4, Turbo Arrow 4 P28T 1P/S 900 1,000 I 2
PA-30/39 Twin Comanche, Twin
Comanche CR, Turbo Twin Comanche
PA30 2P/S 1,500 1,500 II 1
PA-31/31P Navajo, Navajo Chieftain,
Chieftain, Pressurized Navajo,
Mohave, T-1020
PA31 2P/S 1,500 1,500 II 2
PA-32 Cherokee Six, Six, Saratoga,
Turbo Saratoga, 6, 6XT
PA32 1P/S 850 1,000 I 3
PA-32R Cherokee Lance, Lance,
Saratoga SP/2 HP/2TC, Turbo
Saratoga SP
P32R 1P/S 850 1,000 I 3
PA-32RT Lance 2, Turbo Lance 2 P32T 1P/S 850 1,000 I 4
PA-34 Seneca PA34 2P/S 1,300 1,300 II 7
PA-36 Pawnee Brave PA36 1P/S 800 1,000 I 2
PA-38 Tomahawk PA38 1P/S 750 750 I 3
PA-44, Seminole, Turbo Seminole PA44 2P/S 1,100 1,000 II 2
PA-46 310P/350P Malibu, Malibu
Mirage
PA46 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 4
PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian P46T 1T/S 1,500 1,500 I 4
PA-31T3-500 T-1040 PAT4 1P/S 1,300 1,200 I
PA-31T1-500 Cheyenne 1 PAY1 2T/S 2,200 2,000 II 5
PA-31T-620.T2-620 Cheyenne,
Cheyenne 2
PAY2 2T/S 2,400 2,000 II 2
PA-42-720 Cheyenne 3 PAY3 2T/S 2,400 2,000 II 8
PA-42-1000 Cheyenne 400 PAY4 2T/S 2,500 2,000 II 4
PA-28R-300 Pillán PILL 1P/S 750 1,000 I
108 Voyager, Station Wagon 108 S108 1P/S 800 800 I 2
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-27
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
PITTS AEROBATICS (Manufactured by Christen Industries, Inc.)(USA)
(Also AEROTEK, AVIAT, CHRISTEN, KIMBALL)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
S-1 Special PTS1 1P/S 1,500 1,500 I
S-1-11 Super Stinker PTSS 1P/S I
S-2 Special PTS2 1P/S 1,500 1,500 I
S-12 Macho Stinker, Super Stinker PTMS 1P/S I
RAYTHEON (See BEECH)
ROBIN (France)
(Also APEX)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
R-1180 Aiglon R100 1P/S I
R-2100/2112/2120/2160, Alpha, Alpha
Sport, Super Club
R200 1P/S I
R-300/3000/3100/3120/3140 R300 1P/S I
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP. (USA)
(Also AERO COMMANDER, CANADAIR, CCF, COMMANDER, COMMONWEALTH, GULFSTREAM,
HAMILTON, MITSUBISHI, NOORDUYN, NORTH AMERICAN PACAERO, NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL, PACIFIC AIRMOTIVE,
ROCKWELL, RYAN, SUD, TUSCO)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
100 Commander 100 VO10 1P/S 850 850 I 1
112, 114 Commander 112/114, Alpine
Commander, Gran Turismo
Commander
AC11 1P/S 1,000 1,200 I 2
200 Commander 200 M200 1P/S 1,400 1,000 I 1
500 Shrike Commander AC50 2P/S 1,340 1,500 II 3
Commander 520 AC52 2P/S 1,340 1,500 II 1
560 Commander 560 AC56 2P/S 1,400 1,500 II 4
680F, 680FP, Commander 680F/680FP AC68 2P/S 1,375 1,375 II 5
680FL, Grand Commander,
Commander 685
AC6L 2P/S 1,250 1,250 II 6
720 Alti-Cruiser AC72 2P/S 1,300 1,300 II 4
680T, 680V Turbo Commander AC80 2T/S 2,000 1,500 II 4
690 Turbo Commander 690,
Jetprop Commander 840
AC90 2T/S 2,500 2,500 II 6
695 Jetprop Commander 980/1000 AC95 2P/S 2,500 2,500 II 6
700, 710 Commander 700/710 RC70 2P/S II
AC-130 Spectre C130 4T/L 1,500 1,500 III
B-1 Lancer B1* 4J/H 3,000 5,000 III
FR-06 Fanranger, Ranger 2000 R2TH 1J/S III
Mitchell B25 2P/L 980 980 III
Sabre F86* 1J/L 4,000 4,000 III
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-28 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Model Type
Designator
Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Jet Commander 1121 JCOM 2J/S+ 5,000 4,500 III 9
Lark 100 Commander LARK 1P/S 700 1,000 I 1
Navion NA 145/154 NAVI 1P/S 750 600 I 2
Mustang P51 1P/S 2,500 2,500 III
NA-265 Sabre 40/60/65 SBR1 2J/S+ 4,000 3,500 III
NA-265 Sabre 75/80 SBR2 2J/S+ III
OV-10 Bronco V10 2T/S 2,000 2,500 II
S-2 Thrush Commander SS2P 1P/S I
Super Sabre F-100 SSAB 1J/L 4,000 4,000 III
T-2 Buckeye T2* 2J/L 5,700 6,000 III
Trojan, Nomair, Nomad T28 1P/S 2,500 2,500 III
Texan, Harvard T6 1P/S 800 800 I 2
Darter 100 VO10 1P/S 850 850 I
X-31 X31 1J/S+ III
RUSCHMEYER (FRG)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
R-90-230FG R90F 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
R-90-230RG, MF-85 R90R 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
R-90-420AT R90T 1T/S 1,100 1,100 I
SAAB (Sweden/USA)
(Also SAAB-FAIRCHILD)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
29 (J29) SB29 1J/S III
32 Lansen (J32) SB32 1J/S+ III
35 Draken (J35, Sk35, F-35, RF-35,
TF-35)
SB35 1J/S+ III
37 Viggen (AJ37, AJS37, JA37, SP37,
SH37, Sk37)
SB37 1J/S+ III
39 Gripen (JAS39) SB39 1J/S+ III
91 Safir (Sk50) SB91 1J/S III
105 (Sk60) SB05 2J/S III
340 SF34 2T/L 2,000 2,000 III 5
2000 SB20 2T/L III
MFI-15/17 Safari, Supporter (T-17) MF17 1P/S I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-29
Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
SHORT BROTHERS LTD. (UK)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
330, Sherpa (C-23), SD3-30 SH33 2T/S+ 1,380 1,380 III 6
360, SD3-60 SH36 2T/S+ 1,400 1,400 III 6
SC-5 Belfast BELF 4T/L III
SC7 Skyvan, Skyliner SC7 2T/S 1,500 1,500 II 2
SILVAIRE (USA)
(Also LUCSOME, TEMCO)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
8 Silvaire L8 1P/S 900 1,000 I 3
SOCATA (See AEROSPATIALE)
STINSON (USA)
(Also PIPER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
10, 105, HW-75, HW-80, Voyager S10 1P/S 750 1,000 I
108 Voyager, Station Wagon S108 1P/S 750 1,000 I
L-5, U-19, OY Sentinel (V-76) L5 1P/S 750 750 I
SR, V-77 Reliant (AT-19) RELI 1P/S 700 700 I 3
SUD AVIATION (See Aerospatiale)
SWEARINGEN AVIATION (USA-see Fairchild Industries)
TAYLORCRAFT AVIATION CORP. (USA)
(Also TAYLOR KITS)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
15 Tourist, Foursome TA15 1P/S 800 1,000 I
19, F-19 Sportsman TF19 1P/S 800 1,000 I 1
20 Ranchwagon, Topper, Seabird,
Zephyr 400
TA20 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 4
A TAYA 1P/S I
BC, BF, BL, Ace, Sportsman, Traveller TAYB 1P/S I
DC, DCO, DF, DL (O-57, L-2) TAYD 1P/S I
F-21 TF21 1P/S 1,100 1,100 I 4
F-22 Classic, Tri-Classic, Ranger,
Trooper, Tracker
TF22 1P/S 875 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix A-30 Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft
TED SMITH AEROSTAR CORP. (USA)
(Also AEROSTAR, AICSA, MACHEN, PIPER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Aero Star AEST 2P/S 1,800 1,500 II 5
VFW-FOKKER (Zentralgesellschaft VFW-Fokker mbH (FRG/Netherlands))
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
VFW 614 VF14 2J/L 3,100 3,000 III 8
VOUGHT CORP. (USA)
(Also GLOBE, LTV, TEMCO)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
A-7, TA-7 Corsair A7* 1J/L 8,000 6,000 III
Swift GC1 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I 2
YAKOVLEV (RUSSIA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
Yak-40 YK40 3J/S+ III 8
ZENAIR (Canada)
(Also ZENITH)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb
Rate (fpm)
Descent
Rate (fpm)
SRS
Cat.
LAHSO
Group
CH-600/601 Zodiac, Super Zodiac CH60 1P/S I
CH-620 Gemini CH62 2P/S II
CH-801 Stol CH80 1P/S I
CH-2000 Zenith CH2T 1P/S 780 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix B-1
Aircraft Information Helicopters/Rotorcrafts
Appendix B. Aircraft Information
Helicopters/Rotorcrafts
TYPE ENGINE ABBREVIATIONS
P piston
T jet/turboprop
J jet
CLIMB AND DESCENT RATES
Climb and descent rates based on average en route
climb/descent profiles at median weight between
maximum gross takeoff and landing weights.
SRS
SRS means “same runway separation;” categorization criteria is specified in para 3-9-6, Same Runway
Separation.
MANUFACTURERS
Listed under the primary manufacturer are other
aircraft manufacturers who also make versions of
some of the aircraft in that group.
AEROSPATIALE (France)
(Also ATLAS, CASA, CHANGHE, EUROCOPTER, HELIBRAS, HINDUSTAN, IAR, ICA, NURTANIO, NUSANTARA, REPUBLIC,
SINGAPORE, SUD, WESTLAND)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Lama SA-315 LAMA 1T/S 1,000 1,000 I
Alouette 2 ALO2 1T/S 1,280 1,280 I
Alouette 3 ALO3 1T/S 1,500 1,500 I
Dauphine SA-360/361 S360 1T/S 1,400 1,500 I
Dauphine 2 SA-365C S65C 2T/S 1,800 1,000 I
Ecurevil/AStar AS-350/550 AS50 1T/S 1,000 1,000 I
Gazelle SA-341/342 GAZL 1T/S 1,620 1,620 I
Puma SA-330 (CH-33, HT-19) PUMA 2T/L 1,250 1,500 I
Super Puma AS 332/532, SA-330) AS32 2T/L 1,250 1,500 I
Super Frelon SA-321/Z-8 FREL 3T/L 1,200 1,500 I
Twin Star AS-355/555 AS55 2T/S 1,350 1,300 I
AUGUSTA (Constuzioni Aeronautiche Giovanni Agusta SpA) (Italy)
(Also BELL, NUSANTARA, SABCA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model 147J-3B-1, Ranger B47J 1P/S 500 500 I
Model A 109/A/A-II A109 2T/S 1,620 1,500 I
Model 212 ASW, Griffon B12 2T/S 1,420 1,420 I
BELL/BOEING
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Osprey V22 2T/L - - II
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix B-2 Aircraft Information Helicopters/Rotorcrafts
BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON (USA)
(Also AGUSTA, AIDC, COMMONWEALTH, DORNIER, FUJI, GLOBAL, KAWASAKI, NUSANTARA, TROOPER, UNC, WESTLAND)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Biglifter, Bell 204, 205, 214A/B,
AB-204
UH1 1T/S 1,500 1,500 I
Cobra HUCO 1T/S 1,375 1,375 I
Jet Ranger/Long Ranger/
Sea Ranger/Kiowa/Model 206,
Combat Scout
B06 1T/S 1,200 1,000 I
Huey/Iroquois/Model 205 A-1 UH1 1T/S 1,500 1,500 I
Ranger Model 47J B47J 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
Sioux/Model 47G, OH-13 B47G 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
Twin Huey, Model 212, Model
214B/B-1, Model 412, Griffon
B12 2T/S 1,420 1,420 I
Model 214ST, Super Transport BSTP 2T/S 1,420 1,420 I
Model 222, 230, 430 B222 2T/S 1,500 1,000 I
BOEING VERTOL COMPANY (USA)
(Also BOEING HELICOPTERS, KAWASAKI, MERIDIONALI, VERTOL)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Chinook, Model 234 H47 2T/L 1,500 1,500 I
Sea Knight 107, CH-113, Labrador H46 2T/S+ 2,130 2,130 I
BOLKOW (Germany)
(Also CASA, EUROCOPTER, MBB, MESSERSCHMITT-BOLKOW, NURTANIO, NUSANTARA, PADC)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model 105, BO-105 B105 2T/S 1,500 1,500 I
BRANTLEY-HYNES HELICOPTER, INC. (USA)
(Also BRANTLEY, HYNES)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model B-2/A/B, H-2 BRB2 1P/S 1,400 1,400 I
Model 305 B305 1P/S 1,300 1,300 I
ENSTROM CORP. (USA)
(Also WUHAN)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Falcon/Model F-28/A/C/F, Sentinel/
Model F-28-FP, Model 280, Shark
EN28 1P/S 800 800 I
Shark/Model 280FX, 28, Falcon,
Sentinel
EN28 1P/S 1,200 1,200 I
Turbo Shark 480, TH-28 EN48 1P/S 1,500 1,500 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix B-3
Aircraft Information Helicopters/Rotorcrafts
FAIRCHILD/REPUBLIC (includes Hiller) (USA)
(Also FAIRCHILD HILLER, ROGERSON HILLER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Hiller UH-12/Raven, HTE UH12 1P/S 1,500 1,500 I
HILLER (See FAIRCHILD/REPUBLIC (USA))
HUGHES HELICOPTERS (See MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS HELICOPTERS (USA))
KAMAN AEROSPACE CORPORATION (USA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
H-2 Seasprite, Super Seasprite H2 2T/L 2,400 2,400 I
Huskie 600-3/5 H43B 1T/L 2,000 2,000 I
KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD. (Japan)
(Also BOEING VERTOL, VERTOL)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type
Engines/Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
KV-107/II, Sea Knight, Labrador,
Voyaguer, CH-113
H46 2T/S+ 1,500 1,500 I
MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS HELICOPTERS (includes Hughes Helicopters) (USA)
(Also AGUSTA, BREDANARDI, KAWASAKI, KOREAN AIR, NARDI, RACA, SCHWEIZER)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model 77/Apache, Pethen, Longbow
Apache
H64 2T/S+ 1,500 1,500 I
Model 269, 200, 280, 300, Skynight,
TH-55 Osage
H269 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
Model 300/C H269 1P/S 1,200 1,200 I
Model 500C, 369, 530F, Defender,
Black Tiger, Night Fox, Lifter
H500 1P/S 1,500 1,500 I
Osage H269 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
Pawnee, Model 369, Model
500D/MD/MG
H500 1T/S 1,500 1,500 I
MESSERSCHMIDTT-BOLKOW-BLOHM (MBB) (FRG)
(Also BOLKOW, CASA, EUROCOPTER, MBB, NURTANIO, NUSANTARA, PADC)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model BO 105 B105 2T/S 1,200 1,200 I
MBB/KAWASAKI (FRG/Japan)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model BK 117 BK17 2T/S 1,500 1,500 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix B-4 Aircraft Information Helicopters/Rotorcrafts
ROBINSON HELICOPTER COMPANY INC. (USA)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model R22 R22 1P/S 800 800 I
SCHWEIZER AIRCRAFT CORP. (USA)
(Also BREDANARDI, HUGHES, KAWASAKI, NARDI)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Model 269C, 200, 280, 300,
Skynight
H269 1P/S 1,000 1,000 I
269D, 330, 333 S330 1T/S I
SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT (USA)
(Also AGUSTA, ASTA, HAWKER DE HAVILLAND, HELIPRO, KOREAN AIR, MITSUBISHI, TUSAS, UNITED CANADA, VAT,
WESTLAND)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type Engines/
Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Blackhawk S-70, WS-70, Seahawk,
Pavehawk, Rescuehawk,
Thunderhawk, Jayhawk, Oceanhawk,
Deserthawk, Yanshuf, LAMPS MK3,
Blackhawk
H60 2T/S+ 2,000 2,000 I
Chickasaw S-55, H-19, HO4S, HRS S55P 1P/S 800 1,000 I
Choctaw/Seashore/Seaboat S-58,
CH-34
S58P 1P/L 1,120 1,120 I
Model S-51 S51 1P/L 1,000 1,000 I
Model S-52, Hummingbird S52 1P/L 950 1,000 I
Model S-62 S62 1T/S 1,020 1,000 I
Model S-76, Spirit, Eagle S76 2T/S 1,300 1,300 I
S-61R (CH-3, HH-3, Pelican) S61R 2T/L 1,500 1,500 I
S-61A/B/D/L/N Sea King,
Commando, CH-124
S61 2T/L 1,500 1,500 I
Sea Stallion S-65, Yasur H53 2T/L 1,500 1,500 I
Skycrane S-64E/F, Tarhe S-64 S64 2T/L 1,300 1,300 I
WESTLAND HELICOPTERS LTD. (UK)
Model Type Designator Description Performance Information
Number & Type
Engines/Weight Class
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
WG 30 WG30 2T/S 1,200 1,200 I
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix C-1
Aircraft Information Specific_Homebuilt/Experimental Aircraft
Appendix C. Aircraft Information
Specific_Homebuilt/Experimental Aircraft
Homebuilt and Experimental Aircraft*
Designator Criteria Type
Designator
Performance Information**
Climb Rate
(fpm)
Descent Rate
(fpm)
SRS Cat.
Aircraft with cruise (indicated) airspeeds of 100 knots or
less
HXA 500 500 I
Aircraft with cruise (indicated) airspeeds of greater than
100 knots, up to and including 200 knots
HXB 750 750 I
Aircraft with cruise (indicated) airspeeds greater than
200_knots
HXC 1,000 1,000 I
NOTE*Configuration diversity and the fact that airworthiness certificates are issued to aircraft builders, vice manufacturers,
necessitates the assignment of generic aircraft type designators based on cruise performance, rather than specific
manufacturer and normal descriptive/performance information.
**All performance criteria has been estimated because configuration diversity precludes determining precise
aircraft-specific information.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix C-2
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix D-1
Standard Operating Practice (SOP) for the Transfer of Position Responsibility
Appendix D. Standard Operating Practice (SOP) for
the Transfer of Position Responsibility
1. PURPOSE
This appendix prescribes the method and step-bystep process for conducting a position relief briefing
and transferring position responsibility from one
specialist to another.
2. DISCUSSION
a. In all operational facilities, the increase in
traffic density and the need for the expeditious
movement of traffic without compromising safety
have emphasized the importance of the position relief
process.
b. The contents, methods, and practices used for
position relief and briefings vary among personnel,
and pertinent information is often forgotten or
incompletely covered. Major problems occur
whenever there is a heavy reliance upon memory,
unsupported by routines or systematic reminders.
This SOP addresses the complete task of transferring
position responsibility and the associated relief
briefing.
c. Position relief unavoidably provides workload
for specialists at the time of relief. The intent of this
SOP is to make the transfer of position responsibility
take place smoothly and to ensure a complete transfer
of information with a minimum amount of workload.
The method takes advantage of a self-briefing
concept in which the relieving specialist obtains
needed status information by reading from the Status
Information Area/s to begin the relief process. Up to
the moment information related to the control of
aircraft or vehicular movements requires verbal
exchanges between specialists during the relief
process. The method also specifies the moment when
the transfer of position responsibility occurs.
d. In the final part of the relief process, the
specialist being relieved monitors and reviews the
position to ensure that nothing has been overlooked
or incorrectly displayed and that the transfer of
position responsibility occurred with a complete
briefing.
3. TERMS
The following terms are important for a complete
understanding of this SOP:
a. Status Information Area (SIA). Manual or
automatic displays of the current status of position
related equipment and operational conditions or
procedures.
b. Written Notes. Manually recorded items of
information kept at designated locations on the
position of operation. They may be an element of the
Status Information Area/s.
c. Checklist. An ordered listing of items to be
covered during a position relief.
4. PRECAUTIONS
a. Specialists involved in the position relief
process should not rush or be influenced to rush.
b. During position operation, each item of status
information which is or may be an operational factor
for the relieving specialist should be recorded as soon
as it is operationally feasible so that it will not be
forgotten or incorrectly recorded.
c. Extra care should be taken when more than one
specialist relieves or is being relieved from a position
at the same time; e.g., combining or decombining
positions. Such simultaneous reliefs should be
approached with caution.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix D-2 Standard Operating Practice (SOP) for the Transfer of Position Responsibility
5. RESPONSIBILITIES
a. The specialist being relieved shall be
responsible for ensuring that any pertinent status
information of which he/she is aware is relayed to the
relieving specialist and is either:
1. Accurately displayed in the Status
Information Area/s for which he/she has
responsibility, or
2. Relayed to the position having responsibility
for accurately displaying the status information.
b. The relieving specialist shall be responsible for
ensuring that, prior to accepting responsibility for the
position, any unresolved questions pertaining to the
operation of the position are resolved.
c. The relieving specialist and the specialist being
relieved shall share equal responsibility for the
completeness and accuracy of the position relief
briefing.
d. The specialists engaged in a position relief shall
conduct the relief process at the position being
relieved unless other procedures have been
established and authorized by the facility air traffic
manager.
NOTE-
The “sharing” of this responsibility means that the
specialist being relieved is obligated to provide a complete,
accurate briefing and the relieving specialist is obligated
to ensure that a briefing takes place and is to his/her total
satisfaction.
6. STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS
a. PREVIEW THE POSITION
Relieving Specialist Specialist Being Relieved
1. Follow checklist and review the Status Information
Area(s).
NOTE-
This sub-step may be replaced by an authorized pre-position briefing provided an equivalent review of checklist items is
accomplished.
2. Observe position equipment, operational situation, and
the work environment.
3. Listen to voice communications and observe other
operational actions.
4. Observe current and pending aircraft and vehicular
traffic and correlate with flight and other movement
information.
5. Indicate to the specialist being relieved that the position
has been previewed and that the verbal briefing may begin.
NOTE-
Substeps 6a2, 3, and 4 may be conducted concurrently or in any order.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix D-3
Standard Operating Practice (SOP) for the Transfer of Position Responsibility
b. VERBAL BRIEFING
Relieving Specialist Specialist Being Relieved
1. Brief the relieving specialist on the abnormal status of
items not listed on the Status Information Area(s) as well as
on any items of special interest calling for verbal
explanation or additional discussion.
2. Brief on traffic if applicable.
3. Ask questions necessary to ensure a complete
understanding of the operational situation.
4. Completely answer any questions asked.
c. ASSUMPTION OF POSITION RESPONSIBILITY
Relieving Specialist Specialist Being Relieved
1. Make a statement or otherwise indicate to the specialist
being relieved that position responsibility has been
assumed.
2. Release the position to the relieving specialist and
mentally note the time.
d. REVIEW THE POSITION
Relieving Specialist Specialist Being Relieved
1. Check, verify, and update the information obtained in
steps 6a and b.
2. Check position equipment in accordance with existing
directives.
3. Review checklist, Status Information Area/s, written
notes, and other prescribed sources of information and
advise the relieving specialist of known omissions, updates,
or inaccuracies.
4. Observe overall position operation to determine if
assistance is needed.
5. If assistance is needed, provide or summon it as
appropriate.
6. Advise the appropriate position regarding known Status
Information Area(s) omissions, updates, or inaccuracies.
7. Sign-on the relieving specialist with the time as noted in
step 6c2.
8. Sign off the position in accordance with existing
directives or otherwise indicate that the relief process is
complete.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
Appendix D-4
Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08
PCG-1
PILOT/CONTROLLER
GLOSSARY
PURPOSE
a. This Glossary was compiled to promote a common understanding of the terms used in the Air Traffic
Control system. It includes those terms which are intended for pilot/controller communications. Those terms
most frequently used in pilot/controller communications are printed in bold italics. The definitions are primarily
defined in an operational sense applicable to both users and operators of the National Airspace System. Use of
the Glossary will preclude any misunderstandings concerning the system's design, function, and purpose.
b. Because of the international nature of flying, terms used in the Lexicon, published by the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are included when they differ from FAA definitions. These terms are
followed by “.” For the reader's convenience, there are also cross references to related terms in other parts
of the Glossary and to other documents, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Aeronautical
Information Manual (AIM).
c. This Glossary will be revised, as necessary, to maintain a common understanding of the system.
EXPLANATION OF CHANGES
a. Terms Added:
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSSs ONLY
b. Editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used due to the insignificant
nature of the changes.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
-2
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
PCG A-1
A
AAI(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
AAR(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)
ABBREVIATED IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An
authorization by ATC requiring pilots to submit only
that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight
plan information. In certain instances, this may be
only aircraft identification, location, and pilot
request. Other information may be requested if
needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and
desire an instrument approach or by aircraft which are
on the ground and desire a climb to VFR-on-top.
(See VFR-ON-TOP.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ABEAM- An aircraft is “abeam” a fix, point, or
object when that fix, point, or object is approximately
90 degrees to the right or left of the aircraft track.
Abeam indicates a general position rather than a
precise point.
ABORT- To term inate a preplanned aircraft
maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.
ACC -
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL CENTER.)
ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE-
The runway plus stopway length declared available
and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of
an airplane aborting a takeoff.
ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE
- The length of the take-off run available plus
the length of the stopway if provided.
ACDO(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE- Let me know that you have
received my message.
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE - Let me know that you
have received and understood this message.
ACL(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
ACLS(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING
SYSTEM.)
ACLT(See ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An intentional maneuver
involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's attitude, an
abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not
necessary for normal flight.
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT - Maneuvers intentionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt
change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an
abnormal variation in speed.
ACTIVE RUNWAY(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY
RUNWAY.)
ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME-
ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated landing time. An
actual time determined at freeze calculated landing
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for
the adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon
runway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport
arrival delay period, and other metered arrival
aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of arrival
(VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated
landing time (TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft
plus the arrival aircraft interval (AAI), whichever is
later. This time will not be updated in response to the
aircraft's progress.
ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
(ANP)-
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION
PERFORMANCE.)
ADDITIONAL SERVICES- Advisory information
provided by ATC which includes but is not limited to
the following:
a. Traffic advisories.
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot, to assist
aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
traffic.
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
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c. Altitude deviation information of 300 feet or
more from an assigned altitude as observed on a
verified (reading correctly) automatic altitude
readout (Mode C).
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a factor.
e. Weather and chaff information.
f. Weather assistance.
g. Bird activity information.
h. Holding pattern surveillance. Additional services are provided to the extent possible contingent
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into
the performance of higher priority duties and on the
basis of limitations of the radar, volume of traffic,
frequency congestion, and controller workload. The
controller has complete discretion for determining if
he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
service in a particular case. The controller's reason
not to provide or continue to provide a service in a
particular case is not subject to question by the pilot
and need not be made known to him/her.
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADF(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER.)
ADIZ(See AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
ADLY(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)
ADMINISTRATOR- The Federal Aviation Administrator or any person to whom he/she has delegated
his/her authority in the matter concerned.
ADR(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
ADS -
(See ICAO term AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE.)
ADS-B(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.)
ADS-C(See AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE-CONTRACT.)
ADVISE INTENTIONS- Tell me what you plan to
do.
ADVISORY- Advice and information provided to
assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight and aircraft
movement.
(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
ADVISORY FREQUENCY- The appropriate frequency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See UNICOM.)
(Refer to ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90-42.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADVISORY SERVICE- Advice and information
provided by a facility to assist pilots in the safe
conduct of flight and aircraft movement.
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
(See EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY
SERVICE.)
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERIAL REFUELING- A procedure used by the
military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to another
during flight.
(Refer to VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
AERODROME- A defined area on land or water
(including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for
the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
AERODROME BEACON - Aeronautical
beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome
from the air.
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE - Air
traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME CONTROL TOWER - A
unit established to provide air traffic control service
to aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME ELEVATION - The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT - The
specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the
vicinity of an aerodrome.
AERONAUTICAL BEACON- A visual NAVAID
displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
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landmark, a certain point of a Federal airway in
mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERONAUTICAL CHART- A map used in air
navigation containing all or part of the following:
topographic features, hazards and obstructions,
navigation aids, navigation routes, designated
airspace, and airports. Commonly used aeronautical
charts are:
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts (1:500,000)-
Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium
speed aircraft. Topographic information on these
charts features the portrayal of relief and a judicious
selection of visual check points for VFR flight.
Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace,
restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the
control or segregation of all the aircraft within Class
B airspace. The chart depicts topographic information and aeronautical information which includes
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports,
controlled airspace, restricted areas, obstructions,
and related data.
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronautical charts covering land areas of the world at a size
and scale convenient for navigation by moderate
speed aircraft. Topographic information includes
cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinctive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical
inform ation includes visual and radio aids to
navigation, airports, airways, restricted areas,
obstructions, and other pertinent data.
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument
navigation (IF R) in the low altitude stratum.
Information includes the portrayal of airways, limits
of controlled airspace, position identification and
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum
en route and minimum obstruction clearance
altitudes, airway distances, reporting points, restricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are
a part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger
scale in congested areas.
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument
navigation (IFR) in the high altitude stratum.
Information includes the portrayal of jet routes,
identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace,
and related information.
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Charts-
Portray the aeronautical data which is required to
execute an instrument approach to an airport. These
charts depict the procedures, including all related
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is
designated for use with a specific type of electronic
navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR,
ILS/MLS, and RNAV. These charts are identified by
the type of navigational aid(s) which provide final
approach guidance.
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) Charts-
Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to
facilitate transition between takeoff and en route
operations. Each DP is presented as a separate chart
and may serve a single airport or more than one
airport in a given geographical location.
h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Charts-
Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival
procedures and to facilitate transition between en
route and instrument approach operations. Each
STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and
may serve a single airport or more than one airport in
a given geographical location.
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to expedite the
efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an airport.
These charts are identified by the official airport
name; e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National
Airport.
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL CHART.)
AERONAUTICAL CHART - A representation of a portion of the earth, its culture and relief,
specifically designated to meet the requirements of
air navigation.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION MANUAL
(AIM)- A primary FAA publication whose purpose
is to instruct airmen about operating in the National
Airspace System of the U.S. It provides basic flight
information, ATC Procedures and general instructional information concerning health, medical facts,
factors affecting flight safety, accident and hazard
reporting, and types of aeronautical charts and their
use.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICA­
TION (AIP) - A publication issued by or with
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the authority of a State and containing aeronautical
information of a lasting character essential to air
navigation.
A/FD(See AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
AFFIRMATIVE- Yes.
AFIS(See AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION
SERVICE - ALASKA FSSs ONLY.)
AFP(See AIRSPACE FLOW PROGRAM.)
AIM(See AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
MANUAL.)
AIP -
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION PUBLICATION.)
AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE- An FAA field
office serving an assigned geographical area, staffed
with Flight Standards personnel serving the aviation
industry and the general public on matters related to
the certification and operation of scheduled air
carriers and other large aircraft operations.
AIR DEFENSE EMERGENCY- A military emergency condition declared by a designated authority.
This condition exists when an attack upon the
continental U.S., Alaska, Canada, or U.S. installations in Greenland by hostile aircraft or missiles is
considered probable, is imminent, or is taking place.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)-
The area of airspace over land or water, extending
upward from the surface, within which the ready
identification, the location, and the control of aircraft
are required in the interest of national security.
a. Domestic Air Defense Identification Zone. An
ADIZ within the United States along an international
boundary of the United States.
b. Coastal Air Defense Identification Zone. An
ADIZ over the coastal waters of the United States.
c. Distant Early Warning Identification Zone
(DEWIZ). An ADIZ over the coastal waters of the
State of Alaska.
d. Land-Based Air Defense Identification Zone.
An ADIZ over U.S. metropolitan areas, which is
activated and deactivated as needed, with dimensions, activation dates and other relevant information
disseminated via NOTAM.
Note:_ADIZ locations and operating and flight plan
requirements for civil aircraft operations are specified in 14 CFR Part 99.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR NAVIGATION FACILITY- Any facility used
in, available for use in, or designed for use in, aid of
air navigation, including landing areas, lights, any
apparatus or equipment for disseminating weather
information, for signaling, for radio-directional
finding, or for radio or other electrical communication, and any other structure or mechanism having a
similar purpose for guiding or controlling flight in the
air or the landing and takeoff of aircraft.
(See NAVIGATIONAL AID.)
AIR ROUTE SURVEILLANCE RADAR- Air route
traffic control center (ARTCC) radar used primarily
to detect and display an aircraft's position while en
route between terminal areas. The ARSR enables
controllers to provide radar air traffic control service
when aircraft are within the ARSR coverage. In some
instances, ARSR may enable an ARTCC to provide
terminal radar services similar to but usually more
limited than those provided by a radar approach
control.
AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER- A
facility established to provide air traffic control
service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans
within controlled airspace and principally during the
en route phase of flight. When equipment capabilities
and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to VFR aircraft.
(See EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
SERVICES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR TAXI- Used to describe a helicopter/VTOL
aircraft movement conducted above the surface but
normally not above 100 feet AGL. The aircraft may
proceed either via hover taxi or flight at speeds more
than 20 knots. The pilot is solely responsible for
selecting a safe airspeed/altitude for the operation
being conducted.
(See HOVER TAXI.)
(Refer to AIM.)
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PCG A-5
AIR TRAFFIC- Aircraft operating in the air or on an
airport surface, exclusive of loading ramps and
parking areas.
(See ICAO term AIR TRAFFIC.)
AIR TRAFFIC - All aircraft in flight or
operating on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome.
AIR TRAFFIC CLEARANCE- An authorization by
air traffic control for the purpose of preventing
collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to
proceed under specified traffic conditions within
controlled airspace. The pilot-in-command of an
aircraft may not deviate from the provisions of a
visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules
(IFR) air traffic clearance except in an emergency or
unless an amended clearance has been obtained.
Additionally, the pilot may request a different
clearance from that which has been issued by air
traffic control (ATC) if information available to the
pilot makes another course of action more practicable
or if aircraft equipment limitations or company
procedures forbid compliance with the clearance
issued. Pilots may also request clarification or
amendment, as appropriate, any time a clearance is
not fully understood, or considered unacceptable
because of safety of flight. Controllers should, in
such instances and to the extent of operational
practicality and safety, honor the pilot's request.
14 CFR Part 91.3(a) states: “The pilot in command
of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the
final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft.”
THE PILOT IS RESPONSIBLE TO REQUEST AN
AMENDED CLEARANCE if ATC issues a
clearance that would cause a pilot to deviate from a
rule or regulation, or in the pilot's opinion, would
place the aircraft in jeopardy.
(See ATC INSTRUCTIONS.)
(See ICAO term AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
CLEARANCE.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL- A service operated by
appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly and
expeditious flow of air traffic.
(See ICAO term AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
SERVICE.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE -
Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under
conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.
Note 1:_For convenience, the term air traffic control
clearance is frequently abbreviated to clearance
when used in appropriate contexts.
Note 2:_The abbreviated term clearance may be
prefixed by the words taxi, takeoff, departure, en
route, approach or landing to indicate the particular
portion of flight to which the air traffic control clearance relates.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE - A
service provided for the purpose of:
a. Preventing collisions:
1. Between aircraft; and
2. On the maneuvering area between aircraft
and obstructions.
b. Expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of
air traffic.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST- A person
authorized to provide air traffic control service.
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
(See FLIGHT SERVICE STATION.)
(See ICAO term CONTROLLER.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND
CENTER (ATCSCC) - An Air Traffic Tactical
Operations facility responsible for monitoring and
managing the flow of air traffic throughout the NAS,
producing a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of
traffic while minimizing delays. The following
functions are located at the ATCSCC:
a. Central Altitude Reservation Function
(CARF). Responsible for coordinating, planning,
and approving special user requirements under the
Altitude Reservation (ALTRV) concept.
(See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)
b. Airport Reservation Office (ARO).
Responsible for approving IFR flights at designated
high density traffic airports (John F. Kennedy,
LaGuardia, and Ronald Reagan Washington
National) during specified hours.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 93.)
(Refer to AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
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c. U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Office.
Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing NOTAMs for the U.S. civilian and military, as
well as international aviation communities.
(See NOTICE TO AIRMEN.)
d. Weather Unit. Monitor all aspects of weather
for the U.S. that might affect aviation including cloud
cover, visibility, winds, precipitation, thunderstorms,
icing, turbulence, and more. Provide forecasts based
on observations and on discussions with meteorologists from various National Weather Service offices,
FAA facilities, airlines, and private weather services.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE- A generic term meaning:
a. Flight Information Service.
b. Alerting Service.
c. Air Traffic Advisory Service.
d. Air Traffic Control Service:
1. Area Control Service,
2. Approach Control Service, or
3. Airport Control Service.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE (ATS) ROUTES - The
term “ATS Route” is a generic term that includes
“VOR Federal airways,” “colored Federal airways,”
“jet routes,” and “RNAV routes.” The term “ATS
route” does not replace these more familiar route
names, but serves only as an overall title when listing
the types of routes that comprise the United States
route structure.
AIRBORNE DELAY- Amount of delay to be
encountered in airborne holding.
AIRCRAFT- Device(s) that are used or intended to
be used for flight in the air, and when used in air traffic
control terminology, may include the flight crew.
(See ICAO term AIRCRAFT.)
AIRCRAFT - Any machine that can derive
support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air
other than the reactions of the air against the earth's
surface.
AIRCRAFT APPROACH CATEGORY- A
grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3 times the
stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum
gross landing weight. An aircraft must fit in only one
category. If it is necessary to maneuver at speeds in
excess of the upper limit of a speed range for a
category, the minimums for the category for that
speed must be used. For example, an aircraft which
falls in Category A, but is circling to land at a speed
in excess of 91 knots, must use the approach
Category_B minimums when circling to land. The
categories are as follows:
a. Category A- Speed less than 91 knots.
b. Category B- Speed 91 knots or more but less
than 121 knots.
c. Category C- Speed 121 knots or more but less
than 141 knots.
d. Category D- Speed 141 knots or more but less
than 166 knots.
e. Category E- Speed 166 knots or more.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 97.)
AIRCRAFT CLASSES- For the purposes of Wake
Turbulence Separation Minima, ATC classifies
aircraft as Heavy, Large, and Small as follows:
a. Heavy- Aircraft capable of takeoff weights of
more than 255,000 pounds whether or not they are
operating at this weight during a particular phase of
flight.
b. Large- Aircraft of more than 41,000 pounds,
maximum certificated takeoff weight, up to 255,000
pounds.
c. Small- Aircraft of 41,000 pounds or less
maximum certificated takeoff weight.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRCRAFT CONFLICT- Predicted conflict, within
URET, of two aircraft, or between aircraft and
airspace. A Red alert is used for conflicts when the
predicted minimum separation is 5 nautical miles or
less. A Yellow alert is used when the predicted
minimum separation is between 5 and approximately
12 nautical miles. A Blue alert is used for conflicts
between an aircraft and predefined airspace.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL.)
AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL)- A view available with
URET that lists aircraft currently in or predicted to be
in a particular sector's airspace. The view contains
textual flight data information in line format and may
be sorted into various orders based on the specific
needs of the sector team.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL.)
AIRCRAFT SURGE LAUNCH AND
RECOVERY- Procedures used at USAF bases to
provide increased launch and recovery rates in
instrument flight rules conditions. ASLAR is based
on:
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Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
PCG A-7
a. Reduced separation between aircraft which is
based on time or distance. Standard arrival separation
applies between participants including multiple
flights until the DRAG point. The DRAG point is a
published location on an ASLAR approach where
aircraft landing second in a formation slows to a
predetermined airspeed. The DRAG point is the
reference point at which MARSA applies as
expanding elements effect separation within a flight
or between subsequent participating flights.
b. ASLAR procedures shall be covered in a Letter
of Agreement between the responsible USAF
military ATC facility and the concerned Federal
Aviation Administration facility. Initial Approach
Fix spacing requirements are normally addressed as
a minimum.
AIRMEN'S METEOROLOGICAL
INFORMATION(See AIRMET.)
AIRMET- In-flight weather advisories issued only
to amend the area forecast concerning weather
phenomena which are of operational interest to all
aircraft and potentially hazardous to aircraft having
limited capability because of lack of equipment,
instrumentation, or pilot qualifications. AIRMETs
concern weather of less severity than that covered by
SIGMETs or Convective SIGMETs. AIRMETs
cover moderate icing, moderate turbulence, sustained
winds of 30 knots or more at the surface, widespread
areas of ceilings less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility
less than 3 miles, and extensive mountain
obscurement.
(See AWW.)
(See CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)
(See CWA.)
(See SIGMET.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT- An area on land or water that is used or
intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of
aircraft and includes its buildings and facilities, if
any.
AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA- The area within ten
miles of an airport without a control tower or where
the tower is not in operation, and on which a Flight
Service Station is located.
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE (AAR)- A dynamic
input parameter specifying the number of arriving
aircraft which an airport or airspace can accept from
the ARTCC per hour. The AAR is used to calculate
the desired interval between successive arrival
aircraft.
AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE (ADR)- A dynamic
parameter specifying the number of aircraft which
can depart an airport and the airspace can accept per
hour.
AIRPORT ELEVATION- The highest point of an
airport's usable runways measured in feet from mean
sea level.
(See TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME ELEVATION.)
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY- A publication
designed primarily as a pilot's operational manual
containing all airports, seaplane bases, and heliports
open to the public including communications data,
navigational facilities, and certain special notices and
procedures. This publication is issued in seven
volumes according to geographical area.
AIRPORT LIGHTING- Various lighting aids that
may be installed on an airport. Types of airport
lighting include:
a. Approach Light System (ALS)- An airport
lighting facility which provides visual guidance to
landing aircraft by radiating light beam s in a
directional pattern by which the pilot aligns the
aircraft with the extended centerline of the runway on
his/her final approach for landing. Condenser-
Discharge Sequential Flashing Lights/Sequenced
Flashing Lights may be installed in conjunction with
the ALS at some airports. Types of Approach Light
Systems are:
1. ALSF-1- Approach Light System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights in ILS Cat-I configuration.
2. ALSF-2- Approach Light System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights in ILS Cat-II configuration. The ALSF-2 may operate as an SSALR when
weather conditions permit.
3. SSALF- Simplified Short Approach Light
System with Sequenced Flashing Lights.
4. SSALR- Simplified Short Approach Light
System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
5. MALSF- Medium Intensity Approach Light
System with Sequenced Flashing Lights.
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6. MALSR- Medium Intensity Approach Light
System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
7. LDIN- Lead-in-light system- Consists of
one or more series of flashing lights installed at or
near ground level that provides positive visual
guidance along an approach path, either curving or
straight, where special problems exist with hazardous
terrain, obstructions, or noise abatement procedures.
8. RAIL- Runway Alignment Indicator Lights-
Sequenced Flashing Lights which are installed only
in combination with other light systems.
9. ODALS- Omnidirectional Approach Lighting System consists of seven omnidirectional
flashing lights located in the approach area of a
nonprecision runway. Five lights are located on the
runway centerline extended with the first light
located 300 feet from the threshold and extending at
equal intervals up to 1,500 feet from the threshold.
The other two lights are located, one on each side of
the runway threshold, at a lateral distance of 40 feet
from the runway edge, or 75 feet from the runway
edge when installed on a runway equipped with a
VASI.
(Refer to FAAO JO 6850.2, VISUAL GUIDANCE
LIGHTING SYSTEMS.)
b. Runway Lights/Runway Edge Lights- Lights
having a prescribed angle of emission used to define
the lateral limits of a runway. Runway lights are
uniformly spaced at intervals of approximately 200
feet, and the intensity may be controlled or preset.
c. Touchdown Zone Lighting- Two rows of
transverse light bars located symmetrically about the
runway centerline normally at 100 foot intervals. The
basic system extends 3,000 feet along the runway.
d. Runway Centerline Lighting- Flush centerline
lights spaced at 50-foot intervals beginning 75 feet
from the landing threshold and extending to within 75
feet of the opposite end of the runway.
e. Threshold Lights- Fixed green lights arranged
symmetrically left and right of the runway centerline,
identifying the runway threshold.
f. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)- Two
synchronized flashing lights, one on each side of the
runway threshold, which provide rapid and positive
identification of the approach end of a particular
runway.
g. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)- An
airport lighting facility providing vertical visual
approach slope guidance to aircraft during approach
to landing by radiating a directional pattern of high
intensity red and white focused light beams which
indicate to the pilot that he/she is “on path” if he/she
sees red/white, “above path” if white/white, and
“below path” if red/red. Some airports serving large
aircraft have three-bar VASIs which provide two
visual glide paths to the same runway.
h. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)- An
airport lighting facility, similar to VASI, providing
vertical approach slope guidance to aircraft during
approach to landing. PAPIs consist of a single row of
either two or four lights, normally installed on the left
side of the runway, and have an effective visual range
of about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles at
night. PAPIs radiate a directional pattern of high
intensity red and white focused light beams which
indicate that the pilot is “on path” if the pilot sees an
equal number of white lights and red lights, with
white to the left of the red; “above path” if the pilot
sees more white than red lights; and “below path” if
the pilot sees more red than white lights.
i. Boundary Lights- Lights defining the perimeter
of an airport or landing area.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT MARKING AIDS- Markings used on
runway and taxiway surfaces to identify a specific
runway, a runway threshold, a centerline, a hold line,
etc. A runway should be marked in accordance with
its present usage such as:
a. Visual.
b. Nonprecision instrument.
c. Precision instrument.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR PORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP)- The
approximate geometric center of all usable runway
surfaces.
AIRPORT RESERVATION OFFICE- Office responsible for monitoring the operation of the high
density rule. Receives and processes requests for
IFR-operations at high density traffic airports.
AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON- A visual
NAVAID operated at many airports. At civil airports,
alternating white and green flashes indicate the
location of the airport. At military airports, the
beacons flash alternately white and green, but are
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PCG A-9
differentiated from civil beacons by dualpeaked (two
quick) white flashes between the green flashes.
(See INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.)
(See SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME BEACON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT STREAM FILTER (ASF)- An on/off
filter that allows the conflict notification function to
be inhibited for arrival streams into single or multiple
airports to prevent nuisance alerts.
AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT
(ASDE)- Surveillance equipment specifically designed to detect aircraft, vehicular traffic, and other
objects, on the surface of an airport, and to present the
image on a tower display. Used to augment visual
observation by tower personnel of aircraft and/or
vehicular movements on runways and taxiways.
There are three ASDE systems deployed in the NAS:
a. ASDE-3- a Surface Movement Radar.
b. ASDE-X- a system that uses a X-band Surface
Movement Radar and multilateration. Data from
these two sources are fused and presented on a digital
display.
c. ASDE-3X- an ASDE-X system that uses the
ASDE-3 Surface Movement Radar.
AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR- Approach
control radar used to detect and display an aircraft's
position in the terminal area. ASR provides range and
azimuth information but does not provide elevation
data. Coverage of the ASR can extend up to 60 miles.
AIRPORT TAXI CHARTS(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.)
AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE- A
service provided by a control tower for aircraft
operating on the movement area and in the vicinity of
an airport.
(See MOVEMENT AREA.)
(See TOWER.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME CONTROL
SERVICE.)
AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER(See TOWER.)
AIRSPACE CONFLICT- Predicted conflict of an
aircraft and active Special Activity Airspace (SAA).
AIRSPACE FLOW PROGRAM (AFP)- AFP is a
Traffic Management (TM) process administered by
the Air Traffic Control System Command Center
(ATCSCC) where aircraft are assigned an Expect
Departure Clearance Time (EDCT) in order to
manage capacity and demand for a specific area of the
National Airspace System (NAS). The purpose of the
program is to mitigate the effects of en route
constraints. It is a flexible program and may be
implemented in various forms depending upon the
needs of the air traffic system.
AIRSPACE HIERARCHY- Within the airspace
classes, there is a hierarchy and, in the event of an
overlap of airspace: Class A preempts Class B, Class
B preempts Class C, Class C preempts Class D, Class
D preempts Class E, and Class E preempts Class G.
AIRSPEED- The speed of an aircraft relative to its
surrounding air mass. The unqualified term
“airspeed” means one of the following:
a. Indicated Airspeed- The speed shown on the
aircraft airspeed indicator. This is the speed used in
pilot/controller communications under the general
term “airspeed.”
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 1.)
b. True Airspeed- The airspeed of an aircraft
relative to undisturbed air. Used primarily in flight
planning and en route portion of flight. When used in
pilot/controller communications, it is referred to as
“true airspeed” and not shortened to “airspeed.”
AIRSTART- The starting of an aircraft engine while
the aircraft is airborne, preceded by engine shutdown
during training flights or by actual engine failure.
AIRWAY- A Class E airspace area established in the
form of a corridor, the centerline of which is defined
by radio navigational aids.
(See FEDERAL AIRWAYS.)
(See ICAO term AIRWAY.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 71.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRWAY - A control area or portion thereof
established in the form of corridor equipped with
radio navigational aids.
AIRWAY BEACON- Used to mark airway segments
in remote mountain areas. The light flashes Morse
Code to identify the beacon site.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIT(See AUTOMATED INFORMATION
TRANSFER.)
7/31/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
2/14/08
PCG A-10
ALERFA (Alert Phase) - A situation wherein
apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and
its occupants.
ALERT- A notification to a position that there
is an aircraft-to-aircraft or aircraft-to-airspace
conflict, as detected by Automated Problem
Detection (APD).
ALERT AREA(See SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.)
ALERT NOTICE- A request originated by a flight
service station (FSS) or an air route traffic control
center (ARTCC) for an extensive communication
search for overdue, unreported, or missing aircraft.
ALERTING SERVICE- A service provided to notify
appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need
of search and rescue aid and assist such organizations
as required.
ALNOT(See ALERT NOTICE.)
ALONG-TRACK DISTANCE (ATD)- The distance
measured from a point-in-space by systems using
area navigation reference capabilities that are not
subject to slant range errors.
ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY- Letters and numerals used to show identification, altitude, beacon code,
and other information concerning a target on a radar
display.
(See AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL
SYSTEMS.)
ALTERNATE AERODROME - An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it
becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed
to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
Note:_The aerodrome from which a flight departs
may also be an en-route or a destination alternate
aerodrome for the flight.
ALTERNATE AIRPORT- An airport at which an
aircraft may land if a landing at the intended airport
becomes inadvisable.
(See ICAO term ALTERNATE AERODROME.)
ALTIMETER SETTING- The barometric pressure
reading used to adjust a pressure altimeter for
variations in existing atmospheric pressure or to the
standard altimeter setting (29.92).
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ALTITUDE- The height of a level, point, or object
measured in feet Above Ground Level (AGL) or from
Mean Sea Level (MSL).
(See FLIGHT LEVEL.)
a. MSL Altitude- Altitude expressed in feet
measured from mean sea level.
b. AGL Altitude- Altitude expressed in feet
measured above ground level.
c. Indicated Altitude- The altitude as shown by an
altimeter. On a pressure or barometric altimeter it is
altitude as shown uncorrected for instrument error
and uncompensated for variation from standard
atmospheric conditions.
(See ICAO term ALTITUDE.)
ALTITUDE - The vertical distance of a level,
a point or an object considered as a point, measured
from mean sea level (MSL).
ALTITUDE READOUT- An aircraft's altitude,
transmitted via the Mode C transponder feature, that
is visually displayed in 100-foot increments on a
radar scope having readout capability.
(See ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY.)
(See AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL
SYSTEMS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ALTITUDE RESERVATION- Airspace utilization
under prescribed conditions normally employed for
the mass movement of aircraft or other special user
requirem ents which cannot otherwise be
accomplished. ALTRVs are approved by the
appropriate FAA facility.
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
COMMAND CENTER.)
ALTITUDE RESTRICTION- An altitude or altitudes, stated in the order flown, which are to be
maintained until reaching a specific point or time.
Altitude restrictions may be issued by ATC due to
traffic, terrain, or other airspace considerations.
ALTITUDE RESTRICTIONS ARE CANCELED-
Adherence to previously imposed altitude restrictions is no longer required during a climb or descent.
ALTRV(See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)
AMVER(See AUTOMATED MUTUAL-ASSISTANCE
VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM.)
APB(See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION
BOUNDARY.)
Pilot/Controller Glossary 7/31/08
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
PCG A-11
APD(See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION.)
APDIA(See AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION
INHIBITED AREA.)
APPROACH CLEARANCE- Authorization by
ATC for a pilot to conduct an instrument approach.
The type of instrument approach for which a
clearance and other pertinent information is provided
in the approach clearance when required.
(See CLEARED APPROACH.)
(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH
PROCEDURE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY- A terminal
ATC facility that provides approach control service in
a terminal area.
(See APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.)
(See RADAR APPROACH CONTROL
FACILITY.)
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE- Air traffic
control service provided by an approach control
facility for arriving and departing VFR/IFR aircraft
and, on occasion, en route aircraft. At some airports
not served by an approach control facility, the
ARTCC provides limited approach control service.
(See ICAO term APPROACH CONTROL
SERVICE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE - Air
traffic control service for arriving or departing
controlled flights.
APPROACH GATE- An imaginary point used
within ATC as a basis for vectoring aircraft to the
final approach course. The gate will be established
along the final approach course 1 mile from the final
approach fix on the side away from the airport and
will be no closer than 5 miles from the landing
threshold.
APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
APPROACH SEQUENCE- The order in which
aircraft are positioned while on approach or awaiting
approach clearance.
(See LANDING SEQUENCE.)
(See ICAO term APPROACH SEQUENCE.)
APPROACH SEQUENCE - The order in
which two or more aircraft are cleared to approach to
land at the aerodrome.
APPROACH SPEED- The recommended speed
contained in aircraft manuals used by pilots when
making an approach to landing. This speed will vary
for different segments of an approach as well as for
aircraft weight and configuration.
APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY - The
relevant authority designated by the State responsible
for providing air traffic services in the airspace
concerned. In the United States, the “appropriate ATS
authority” is the Program Director for Air Traffic
Planning and Procedures, ATP-1.
APPROPRIATE AUTHORITYa. Regarding flight over the high seas: the relevant
authority is the State of Registry.
b. Regarding flight over other than the high seas:
the relevant authority is the State having sovereignty
over the territory being overflown.
APPROPRIATE OBSTACLE CLEARANCE
MINIMUM ALTITUDE- Any of the following:
(See MINIMUM EN ROUTE IFR ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE
ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE.)
APPROPRIATE TERRAIN CLEARANCE
MINIMUM ALTITUDE- Any of the following:
(See MINIMUM EN ROUTE IFR ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE
ALTITUDE.)
(See MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE.)
APRON- A defined area on an airport or heliport
intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling,
parking, or maintenance. With regard to seaplanes, a
ramp is used for access to the apron from the water.
(See ICAO term APRON.)
