Section 8. Class C Service- Terminal
7-8-1. APPLICATION 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-2. CLASS C SERVICES 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-3. SEPARATION 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-4. ESTABLISHING TWO-WAY COMMUNICATIONS 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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7-8-5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-6. EXCEPTIONS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-7. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATIONS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-8-8. TERMINATION OF SERVICE 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 9. Class B Service Area- Terminal
7-9-1. APPLICATION 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-2. VFR AIRCRAFT IN CLASS B AIRSPACE 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-3. METHODS 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-4. SEPARATION 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-5. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-6. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-7. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-9-8. APPROACH INTERVAL 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 8. Offshore/Oceanic Procedures
Section 1. General
8-1-1. ATC SERVICE 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-2. OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AIRSPACE AREAS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-3. VFR FLIGHT PLANS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-4. TYPES OF SEPARATION 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-5. ALTIMETER SETTING 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-6. RECEIPT OF POSITION REPORTS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-7. OCEANIC NAVIGATIONAL ERROR REPORTING (ONER)
PROCEDURES 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1-8. USE OF CONTROL ESTIMATES 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2. Coordination
8-2-1. GENERAL 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-2-2. TRANSFER OF CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-2-3. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES INTERFACILITY DATA
COMMUNICATIONS (AIDC) 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3. Longitudinal Separation
8-3-1. APPLICATION 8-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-3-2. SEPARATION METHODS 8-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-3-3. MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE 8-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 4. Lateral Separation
8-4-1. APPLICATION 8-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-4-2. SEPARATION METHODS 8-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-4-3. REDUCTION OF ROUTE PROTECTED AIRSPACE 8-4-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-4-4. TRACK SEPARATION 8-4-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Paragraph Page
8-5-1. ALTITUDE/FLIGHT LEVEL TRANSITION 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-5-2. COURSE DIVERGENCE 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-5-3. OPPOSITE DIRECTION 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-5-4. SAME DIRECTION 8-5-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 6. Separation from Airspace Reservations
8-6-1. TEMPORARY STATIONARY AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-6-2. REFUSAL OF AVOIDANCE CLEARANCE 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-6-3. TEMPORARY MOVING AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 7. North Atlantic ICAO Region
8-7-1. APPLICATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-7-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7-5. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS IN
NORTH ATLANTIC (NAT) AIRSPACE 8-7-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 8. Caribbean ICAO Region
8-8-1. APPLICATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8-5. VFR CLIMB AND DESCENT 8-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 9. Pacific ICAO Region
8-9-1. APPLICATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-5. COMPOSITE SEPARATION MINIMA 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-6. COMPOSITE SEPARATION ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-7. COMPOSITE SEPARATION APPLICATION 8-9-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9-8. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS AND OTHER
CONTINGENCIES IN OCEANIC CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 8-9-4 . . . . . . . .
Section 10. North American ICAO Region- Arctic CTA
8-10-1. APPLICATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-10-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-10-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-10-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 9. Special Flights
Section 1. General
9-1-1. GENERAL 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-1-2. SPECIAL HANDLING 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-1-3. FLIGHT CHECK AIRCRAFT 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2. Special Operations
9-2-1. AIRCRAFT CARRYING DANGEROUS MATERIALS 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-2. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TRAINING 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-4. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-5. FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FLIGHTS 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-6. FLYNET 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-7. IFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-8. INTERCEPTOR OPERATIONS 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-9. SPECIAL INTEREST SITES 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-10. LAND-BASED AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)/
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) SECURITY SERVICES 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-11. LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS BY CIVIL AND
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 9-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-12. MILITARY AERIAL REFUELING 9-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-13. MILITARY OPERATIONS ABOVE FL_600 9-2-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-14. MILITARY SPECIAL USE FREQUENCIES 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-15. AVOIDANCE OF AREAS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-16. SAMP 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-17. AWACS/NORAD SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-18. WEATHER RECONNAISSANCE FLIGHTS 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-19. EVASIVE ACTION MANEUVER 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-20. NONSTANDARD FORMATION/CELL OPERATIONS 9-2-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-2-21. OPEN SKIES TREATY AIRCRAFT 9-2-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3. Special Use and ATC Assigned Airspace
9-3-1. APPLICATION 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-3-2. SEPARATION MINIMA 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-3-3. VFR-ON-TOP 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-3-4. TRANSITING ACTIVE SUA/ATCAA 9-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 4. Fuel Dumping
9-4-1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-4-2. ROUTING 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-4-3. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-4-4. SEPARATION MINIMA 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-4-5. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5. Jettisoning of External Stores
9-5-1. JETTISONING OF EXTERNAL STORES 9-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Section 6. Unmanned Free Balloons
Paragraph Page
9-6-1. APPLICATION 9-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-6-2. DERELICT BALLOONS 9-6-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 7. Parachute Operations
9-7-1. COORDINATION 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7-2. CLASS A, CLASS B, AND CLASS C AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7-3. CLASS D AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-7-4. OTHER CONTROL AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 8. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports
9-8-1. GENERAL 9-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 10. Emergencies
Section 1. General
10-1-1. EMERGENCY DETERMINATIONS 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-2. OBTAINING INFORMATION 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-3. PROVIDING ASSISTANCE 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-4. RESPONSIBILITY 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-5. COORDINATION 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-6. AIRPORT GROUND EMERGENCY 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-1-7. INFLIGHT EMERGENCIES INVOLVING MILITARY FIGHTER-TYPE
AIRCRAFT 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2. Emergency Assistance
10-2-1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-2. FREQUENCY CHANGES 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-3. AIRCRAFT ORIENTATION 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-4. ALTITUDE CHANGE FOR IMPROVED RECEPTION 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-5. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-6. HIJACKED AIRCRAFT 10-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-7. VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-8. RADAR ASSISTANCE TO VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10-2-2
10-2-9. RADAR ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES 10-2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-10. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) SIGNALS 10-2-3 . . . . . . . . .
10-2-11. AIRCRAFT BOMB THREATS 10-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-12. EXPLOSIVE DETECTION K-9 TEAMS 10-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-13. MANPADS ALERT 10-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-14. UNAUTHORIZED LASER ILLUMINATION OF AIRCRAFT 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . .
10-2-15. EMERGENCY AIRPORT RECOMMENDATION 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-16. GUIDANCE TO EMERGENCY AIRPORT 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-17. EMERGENCY OBSTRUCTION VIDEO MAP (EOVM) 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-2-18. VOLCANIC ASH 10-2-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Section 3. Overdue Aircraft
Paragraph Page
10-3-1. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-2. INFORMATION TO BE FORWARDED TO ARTCC 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-3. INFORMATION TO BE FORWARDED TO RCC 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-4. ALNOT 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-5. RESPONSIBILITY TRANSFER TO RCC 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-6. AIRCRAFT POSITION PLOTS 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-3-7. ALNOT CANCELLATION 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 4. Control Actions
10-4-1. TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-4-2. LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-4-3. TRAFFIC RESUMPTION 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-4-4. COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5. Miscellaneous Operations
10-5-1. NAVY FLEET SUPPORT MISSIONS 10-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-5-2. EXPLOSIVE CARGO 10-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 6. Oceanic Emergency Procedures
10-6-1. APPLICATION 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-6-2. PHASES OF EMERGENCY 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-6-3. ALERTING SERVICE AND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-6-4. INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES 10-6-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-6-5. SERVICES TO RESCUE AIRCRAFT 10-6-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 7. Ground Missile Emergencies
10-7-1. INFORMATION RELAY 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-7-2. IFR AND SVFR MINIMA 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-7-3. VFR MINIMA 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-7-4. SMOKE COLUMN AVOIDANCE 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-7-5. EXTENDED NOTIFICATION 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 11. Traffic Management Procedures
Section 1. General
11-1-1. DUTY RESPONSIBILITY 11-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11-1-2. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 11-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 12. Canadian Airspace Procedures
Section 1. General Control
12-1-1. APPLICATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-1-2. AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-1-3. ONE THOUSAND-ON-TOP 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-1-4. SEPARATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
xx Table of Contents
Paragraph Page
12-1-5. DEPARTURE CLEARANCE/COMMUNICATION FAILURE 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . .
12-1-6. PARACHUTE JUMPING 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-1-7. SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 13. Decision Support Tools
Section 1. User Request Evaluation Tool (URET) - En Route
13-1-1. DESCRIPTION 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-2. CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-3. TRIAL PLANNING 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-4. URET-BASED CLEARANCES 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-5. THE AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL), DEPARTURE LIST (DL) AND
FLIGHT DATA MANAGEMENT 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-6. MANUAL COORDINATION AND THE URET COORDINATION
MENU 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-7. HOLDING 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-8. RECORDING OF CONTROL DATA 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AUTOMATED NOTIFICATION 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . .
13-1-10. CURRENCY OF TRAJECTORY INFORMATION 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-11. DELAY REPORTING 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-12. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-13. USE OF GRAPHICS PLAN DISPLAY (GPD) 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-14. FORECAST WINDS 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-15. INTERFACILITY CONNECTIVITY 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-16. PRIMARY HOST OUTAGES 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-1-17. URET AIRSPACE CONFIGURATION ELEMENTS 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2. Ocean21 - Oceanic
13-2-1. DESCRIPTION 13-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-2-2. CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION 13-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-2-3. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 13-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-2-4. CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (CPDLC) 13-2-3 . . .
13-2-5. COORDINATION 13-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13-2-6. TEAM RESPONSIBILITIES - MULTIPLE PERSON OPERATION 13-2-4 . . . . .
Appendices
APPENDIX A. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT Appendix A-1 . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX B. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION HELICOPTERS/ROTORCRAFTS Appendix B-1 . . .
APPENDIX C. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION SPECIFIC_
HOMEBUILT/EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT Appendix C-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX D. STANDARD OPERATING PRACTICE (SOP) FOR THE
TRANSFER OF POSITION RESPONSIBILITY Appendix D-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILOT/CONTROLLER GLOSSARY PCG-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDEX I-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-1-1
General
Chapter 1. Introduction
Section 1. General
1-1-1. PURPOSE
This order prescribes air traffic control procedures
and phraseology for use by persons providing
air_traffic control services. Controllers are required to
be familiar with the provisions of this order that
pertain to their operational responsibilities and to
exercise their best judgment if they encounter
situations that are not covered by it.
1-1-2. DISTRIBUTION
This order is distributed to selected offices in
Washington headquarters, regional offices, service
area offices, the William J. Hughes Technical Center,
and the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. Also,
copies are sent to all air traffic field facilities and
international aviation field offices; and to interested
aviation public.
1-1-3. CANCELLATION
FAA Order 7110.65R, Air Traffic Control, dated
February 16, 2006, and all changes to it are canceled.
1-1-4. EXPLANATION OF MAJOR
CHANGES
The significant changes to this order are identified in
the Explanation of Changes page(s). It is advisable to
retain the page(s) throughout the duration of the basic
order.
1-1-5. EFFECTIVE DATE
This order is effective February 14, 2008.
1-1-6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PROCEDURAL CHANGES
a. Personnel should submit recommended
changes in procedures to facility management.
b. Recommendations from other sources should
be submitted through appropriate FAA, military, or
industry/user channels to Headquarters, FAA,
Vice_President, System Operations Services,
attention: System Operations Airspace and AIM.
1-1-7. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(SMS)
Every employee is responsible to ensure the safety of
equipment and procedures used in the provision of
services within the National Airspace System (NAS).
Risk assessment techniques and mitigations, as
appropriate, are intended for implementation of any
planned safety significant changes within the NAS, as
directed by FAA Order 1100.161, Air Traffic Safety
Oversight. Direction regarding the SMS and its
application can be found in the FAA Safety
Management System Manual and FAA
Order_1100.161. The SMS will be implemented
through a period of transitional activities. (Additional
information pertaining to these requirements and
processes can be obtained by contacting the service
area offices.)
1-1-8. PUBLICATION AND DELIVERY
DATES
a. This order and its changes are scheduled to be
published according to TBL 1-1-1.
TBL 1-1-1
Publications Timetable
Basic or
Change
Cutoff Date for
Submission
Effective Date
of Publication
7110.65S Basic 8/30/07 2/14/08
Change 1 2/14/08 7/31/08
Change 2 7/31/08 3/12/09
Change 3 3/12/09 8/27/09
7110.65T Basic 8/27/09 2/11/10
b. If an FAA facility has not received the
order/changes at least 30 days before the above
effective dates, the facility shall notify its service area
office distribution officer.
c. If a military facility has not received the
order/changes at least 30 days before the above
effective dates, the facility shall notify its appropriate
military headquarters. (See TBL 1-1-2.)
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-1-2 General
TBL 1-1-2
Military Distribution Contacts
Military
Headquarters
DSN Commercial
U.S. Army
USAASA
656-4868 (703) 806-4868
U.S. Air Force Contact Local *NIMA
Customer Account
Representative
U.S. Navy
CNO (N785F)
664-7727 (703) 604-7727
*NIMA-National Imagery and Mapping Agency
1-1-9. PROCEDURAL LETTERS OF
AGREEMENT
Procedures/minima which are applied jointly or
otherwise require the cooperation or concurrence of
more than one facility/organization must be documented in a letter of agreement. Letters of agreement
only supplement this order. Any minima they specify
must not be less than that specified herein unless
appropriate military authority has authorized application of reduced separation between military aircraft.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-1, ATC Service.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 4-3-1, Letters of Agreement.
1-1-10. CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING
SUPPLEMENTS AND PROCEDURAL
DEVIATIONS
a. Exceptional or unusual requirements may
dictate procedural deviations or supplementary
procedures to this order. Prior to implementing
supplemental or any procedural deviation that alters
the level, quality, or degree of service, obtain prior
approval from the Vice President, System Operations
Services.
b. If military operations or facilities are involved,
prior approval by the following appropriate
headquarters is required for subsequent interface with
FAA. (See TBL 1-1-3.)
TBL 1-1-3
Military Operations Interface Offices
Branch Address
U.S. Navy Department of the Navy
Chief of Naval Operations
N785F
2000 Navy Pentagon
Washington, D.C. 20350-2000
U.S. Air Force HQ AFFSA/XA
1535 Command Drive
Suite D302
Andrews AFB, MD 20762-7002
U.S. Army Director
USAASA (MOAS-AS)
9325 Gunston Road, Suite N319
Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-5582
NOTE-
Terminal: Headquarters USAF has delegated to Major Air
Command, Directors of Operations (MAJCOM/DOs)
authority to reduce same runway separation standards for
military aircraft. These are specified and approved by
affected ATC and user units. When applied, appropriate
advisories may be required; e.g., “(A/C call sign) continue
straight ahead on right side; F-16 landing behind on left.”
“(A/C call sign) hold position on right side; F-5 behind on
left.”
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-3, Use of Active Runways.
1-1-11. REFERENCES TO FAA NON-AIR
TRAFFIC ORGANIZATIONS
When references are made to regional office
organizations that are not part of the Air Traffic
Organization (i.e., Communications Center, Flight
Standards, Airport offices, etc.), the facility should
contact the FAA region where the facility is
physically located - not the region where the
facility's service area office is located.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-2-1
Terms of Reference
Section 2. Terms of Reference
1-2-1. WORD MEANINGS
As used in this manual:
a. Shall, or an action verb in the imperative sense,
means a procedure is mandatory.
EXAMPLE-
The transferring controller shall forward this data to the
receiving controller.
Issue an alternative clearance.
Authorize the aircraft to taxi.
Do not clear an aircraft to land on or takeoff from a closed
runway.
b. Should means a procedure is recommended.
c. May or need not means a procedure is optional.
d. Will means futurity, not a requirement for the
application of a procedure.
e. Singular words include the plural.
f. Plural words include the singular.
g. Aircraft means the airframe, crew members, or
both.
h. Approved separation means separation in
accordance with the applicable minima in this
manual.
i. Altitude means indicated altitude mean sea level
(MSL), flight level (FL), or both.
j. Miles means nautical miles unless otherwise
specified, and means statute miles in conjunction
with visibility.
k. Course, bearing, azimuth, heading, and wind
direction information shall always be magnetic
unless specifically stated otherwise.
l. Time when used for ATC operational activities,
is the hour and the minute in Coordinated Universal
Time (UTC). Change to the next minute is made at the
minute plus 30 seconds, except time checks are given
to the nearest quarter minute.
m. Runway means the runway used by aircraft,
and in discussions of separation standards is
applicable to helipads with accompanying takeoff/
landing courses. (See Pilot/Controller Glossary
term- Runway.)
n. Flight operations in accordance with the options
of due regard or operational obligates the authorized
state aircraft commander to:
1. Separate his/her aircraft from all other
air_traffic; and
2. Assure that an appropriate monitoring agency
assumes responsibility for search and rescue actions;
and
3. Operate under at least one of the following
conditions:
(a) In visual meteorological conditions
(VMC); or
(b) Wthin radar surveillance and radio
communications of a surface radar facility; or
(c) Be equipped with airborne radar that is
sufficient to provide separation between his/her
aircraft and any other aircraft he/she may be
controlling and other aircraft; or
(d) Operate within Class G airspace.
(e) An understanding between the pilot and
controller regarding the intent of the pilot and the
status of the flight should be arrived at before the
aircraft leaves ATC frequency.
NOTE1. A pilot's use of the phrase “Going Tactical” does not
indicate “Due Regard.” An understanding between the
pilot and controller regarding the intent of the pilot and the
status of the flight should be arrived at before the aircraft
leaves air traffic control (ATC) frequency.
2. The above conditions provide for a level of safety
equivalent to that normally given by International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) ATC agencies and fulfills
U.S. Government obligations under Article 3 of the
Chicago Convention of 1944 (Reference (d)), which
stipulates there must be “due regard for the safety of
navigation of civil aircraft” when flight is not being
conducted under ICAO flight procedures.
o. CFR means Code of Federal Regulations.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-2-2 Terms of Reference
FIG 1-2-1
Divergence
1-2-2. COURSE DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall be used in the
application of the separation criteria in this order.
NOTE-
The term “protected airspace,” as used in this paragraph,
is the airspace equal to one half the required applicable
lateral separation on either side of an aircraft along its
projected flight path. If the protected airspace of
two_aircraft does not overlap, applicable lateral separation is ensured.
a. SAME COURSES are courses whose protected
airspaces are coincident, overlap, or intersect and
whose angular difference is less than 45 degrees.
(See_FIG 1-2-1.)
b. CROSSING COURSES are intersecting courses
whose angular difference is 45 through 135 degrees
inclusive. (See_FIG 1-2-1.)
c. OPPOSITE/RECIPROCAL COURSES are
courses whose protected airspaces are coincident,
overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is
greater than 135 degrees through 180 degrees
inclusive. (See_FIG 1-2-1.)
1-2-3. NOTES
Statements of fact, or of a prefatory or explanatory
nature relating to directive material, are set forth as
notes.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-2-3
Terms of Reference
1-2-4. REFERENCES
As used in this order, references direct attention to an
additional or supporting source of information such
as FAA, NWS, and other agencies' orders, directives,
notices, CFRs, and Advisory Circulars (ACs).
1-2-5. ANNOTATIONS
Revised, reprinted, or new pages are marked as
follows:
a. The change number and the effective date are
printed on each revised or additional page.
b. A page that does not require a change is
reprinted in its original form.
c. Bold vertical lines in the margin of changed
pages indicate the location of substantive revisions to
the order. Bold vertical lines adjacent to the title of a
chapter, section, or paragraph means that extensive
changes have been made to that chapter, section, or
paragraph.
d. Paragraphs/sections annotated with
EN_ROUTE, OCEANIC, or TERMINAL are only to
be applied by the designated type facility. When they
are not so designated, the paragraphs/sections apply
to all types of facilities (en route, oceanic, and
terminal).
e. The annotation, USAF for the U.S. Air Force,
USN for the U.S. Navy, and USA for the U.S. Army
denotes that the procedure immediately following the
annotation applies only to the designated service.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-12, Military Procedures.
f. WAKE TURBULENCE APPLICATION inserted within a paragraph means that the remaining
information in the paragraph requires the application
of wake turbulence procedures.
g. The annotation PHRASEOLOGY denotes the
prescribed words and/or phrases to be used in
communications.
NOTE-
Controllers may, after first using the prescribed
phraseology for a specific procedure, rephrase the
message to ensure the content is understood. Good
judgment shall be exercised when using nonstandard
phraseology.
h. The annotation EXAMPLE provides a sample of
the way the prescribed phraseology associated with
the preceding paragraph(s) will be used. If the
preceding paragraph(s) does (do) not include specific
prescribed phraseology, the EXAMPLE merely
denotes suggested words and/or phrases that may be
used in communications.
NOTE-
The use of the exact text contained in an example not
preceded with specific prescribed phraseology is not
mandatory. However, the words and/or phrases are
expected, to the extent practical, to approximate those used
in the example.
1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS
As used in this manual, the following abbreviations
have the meanings indicated. (See TBL 1-2-1.)
TBL 1-2-1
FAA Order JO 7110.65 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
AAR . . . . . . . Airport acceptance rate
AC . . . . . . . . Advisory Circular
ACC . . . . . . . Area Control Center
ACD . . . . . . . ARTS Color Display
ACE-IDS . . . ASOS Controller Equipment- Information
Display System
ACL . . . . . . . Aircraft list
ACLS . . . . . . Automatic Carrier Landing System
ADC . . . . . . . Aerospace Defense Command
ADIZ . . . . . . Air Defense Identification Zone (to be
pronounced “AY DIZ”)
ADS . . . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance
ADS-B . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance
Broadcast
ADS-C . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance
Contract
AFP . . . . . . . Airspace Flow Program
AFSS . . . . . . Automated Flight Service Station
AIDC . . . . . . ATS Interfacility Data Communications
AIM . . . . . . . Aeronautical Information Manual
AIRMET . . . Airmen's meteorological information
ALERFA . . . Alert phase code (Alerting Service)
ALNOT . . . . Alert notice
ALS . . . . . . . Approach Light System
ALTRV . . . . . Altitude reservation
AMASS . . . . Airport Movement Area Safety System
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-2-4 Terms of Reference
Abbreviation Meaning
AMB . . . . . . Ambiguity-A disparity greater than 2 miles
exists between the position declared for a
target by ATTS and another facility's
computer declared position during
interfacility handoff
AMVER . . . . Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel
Rescue System
ANG . . . . . . . Air National Guard
APR . . . . . . . ATC preferred route
APREQ . . . . Approval Request
ARINC . . . . . Aeronautical Radio Incorporated
ARIP . . . . . . Air refueling initial point
ARSR . . . . . . Air route surveillance radar
ARTCC . . . . . Air Route Traffic Control Center
ARTS . . . . . . Automated Radar Terminal System
ASD . . . . . . . Aircraft Situation Display
ASDE . . . . . . Airport surface detection equipment
ASDE-X . . . Airport Surface Detection Equipment
System - Model X
ASF . . . . . . . Airport Stream Filters
ASOS . . . . . . Automated Surface Observing System
ASR . . . . . . . Airport surveillance radar
ATC . . . . . . . Air traffic control
ATCAA . . . . ATC assigned airspace
ATCSCC . . . . David J. Hurley Air Traffic Control System
Command Center
ATD . . . . . . . Along-Track Distance
ATIS . . . . . . . Automatic Terminal Information Service
ATO . . . . . . . Air Traffic Organization
ATO COO . . Air Traffic Organization Chief Operating
Officer
ATS . . . . . . . Air Traffic Service
AWOS . . . . . Automated Weather Observing System
BASE . . . . . . Cloud base
CA . . . . . . . . Conflict Alert
CARCAH . . . Chief, Aerial Reconnaissance
Coordination, All Hurricanes
CARF . . . . . . Central Altitude Reservation Function
CARTS . . . . . Common ARTS
CAT . . . . . . . Clear air turbulence
CDT . . . . . . . Controlled departure time
CENRAP . . . Center Radar ARTS Presentation
CEP . . . . . . . Central East Pacific
CERAP . . . . . Combined Center/RAPCON
CFR . . . . . . . Code of Federal Regulations
CIC . . . . . . . . Controller-in-Charge
Abbreviation Meaning
CNS . . . . . . . Continuous
CPDLC . . . . . Controller Pilot Data Link
Communications
CPME . . . . . . Calibration Performance Monitor
Equipment
CTA . . . . . . . Control Area
CTRD . . . . . . Certified Tower Radar Display
CVFP . . . . . . Charted Visual Flight Procedure
CWA . . . . . . . Center Weather Advisory
DARC . . . . . Direct Access Radar Channel
DETRESFA . Distress Phase code (Alerting Service)
DF . . . . . . . . Direction finder
DH . . . . . . . . Decision height
DL . . . . . . . . Departure List
DME . . . . . . . Distance measuring equipment compatible
with TACAN
DOE . . . . . . . Department of Energy
DP . . . . . . . . Instrument Departure Procedure
DR . . . . . . . . Dead reckoning
DRT . . . . . . . Diversion recovery tool
DSR . . . . . . . Display System Replacement
DTAS . . . . . . Digital Terminal Automation Systems
DTM . . . . . . . Digital Terrain Map
DVFR . . . . . . Defense Visual Flight Rules
DVRSN . . . . Diversion
EA . . . . . . . . Electronic Attack
EAS . . . . . . . En Route Automation System
EDCT . . . . . . Expect Departure Clearance Time
EFC . . . . . . . Expect further clearance
ELP . . . . . . . Emergency Landing Pattern
ELT . . . . . . . . Emergency locator transmitter
EOS . . . . . . . End Service
EOVM . . . . . Emergency obstruction video map
ERIDS . . . . . En Route Information Display System
ETA . . . . . . . Estimated time of arrival
ETMS . . . . . . Enhanced Traffic Management System
FAA . . . . . . . Federal Aviation Administration
FAAO . . . . . . FAA Order
FANS . . . . . . Future Air Navigation System
FDIO . . . . . . Flight Data Input/Output
FDP . . . . . . . Flight data processing
FIR . . . . . . . . Flight Information Region
FL . . . . . . . . . Flight level
FLIP . . . . . . . Flight Information Publication
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1-2-5
Terms of Reference
Abbreviation Meaning
FLM . . . . . . . Front-Line Manager
FLY . . . . . . . Fly or flying
FMS . . . . . . . Flight Management System
FMSP . . . . . . Flight Management System Procedure
FSM . . . . . . . Flight Schedule Monitor
FSS . . . . . . . . Flight Service Station
GCA . . . . . . . Ground controlled approach
GNSS . . . . . . Global Navigation Satellite System
GPD . . . . . . . Graphics Plan Display
GPS . . . . . . . Global Positioning System
GS . . . . . . . . Ground stop
HAR . . . . . . . High Altitude Redesign
HERT . . . . . . Host Embedded Route Text
HF/RO . . . . . High Frequency/Radio Operator
HIRL . . . . . . High intensity runway lights
IAFDOF . . . . Inappropriate Altitude for Direction of
Flight
ICAO . . . . . . International Civil Aviation Organization
IDENT . . . . . Aircraft identification
IDS . . . . . . . . Information Display System
IFR . . . . . . . . Instrument flight rules
IFSS . . . . . . . International Flight Service Station
ILS . . . . . . . . Instrument Landing System
INCERFA . . . Uncertainty Phase code (Alerting Service)
INREQ . . . . . Information request
INS . . . . . . . . Inertial Navigation System
IR . . . . . . . . . IFR military training route
IRU . . . . . . . . Inertial Reference Unit
ITWS . . . . . . Integrated Terminal Weather System
JATO . . . . . . Jet assisted takeoff
LAHSO . . . . Land and Hold Short Operations
LOA . . . . . . . Letter of Agreement
LLWAS . . . . . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System
LLWAS NE . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System
Network Expansion
LLWAS-RS . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System
Relocation/Sustainment
LLWS . . . . . . Low Level Wind Shear
L/MF . . . . . . Low/medium frequency
LORAN . . . . Long Range Navigation System
Mach . . . . . . Mach number
MALS . . . . . Medium Intensity Approach Light System
MALSR . . . . Medium Approach Light System with
runway alignment indicator lights
MAP . . . . . . . Missed approach point
Abbreviation Meaning
MARSA . . . . Military authority assumes responsibility
for separation of aircraft
MCA . . . . . . Minimum crossing altitude
MCI . . . . . . . Mode C Intruder
MDA . . . . . . Minimum descent altitude
MDM . . . . . . Main display monitor
MEA . . . . . . . Minimum en route (IFR) altitude
MEARTS . . . Micro En Route Automated Radar
Tracking System
METAR . . . . Aviation Routine Weather Report
MIA . . . . . . . Minimum IFR altitude
MIAWS . . . . Medium Intensity Airport Weather System
MIRL . . . . . . Medium intensity runway lights
MLS . . . . . . . Microwave Landing System
MNPS . . . . . . Minimum Navigation Performance
Specification
MNT . . . . . . . Mach Number Technique
MOA . . . . . . Military operations area
MOCA . . . . . Minimum obstruction clearance altitude
MRA . . . . . . Minimum reception altitude
MSAW . . . . . Minimum Safe Altitude Warning
MSL . . . . . . . Mean sea level
MTI . . . . . . . Moving target indicator
MTR . . . . . . . Military training route
MVA . . . . . . . Minimum vectoring altitude
NADIN . . . . . National Airspace Data Interchange
Network
NAR . . . . . . . National Automation Request
NAS . . . . . . . National Airspace System
NAT . . . . . . . ICAO North Atlantic Region
NBCAP . . . . National Beacon Code Allocation Plan
NDB . . . . . . . Nondirectional radio beacon
NHOP . . . . . . National Hurricane Operations Plan
NIDS . . . . . . National Institute for Discovery Sciences
NM . . . . . . . . Nautical mile
NOAA . . . . . National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
NOPAC . . . . North Pacific
NORAD . . . . North American Aerospace Defense
Command
NOS . . . . . . . National Ocean Service
NOTAM . . . . Notice to Airmen
NRP . . . . . . . North American Route Program
NRR . . . . . . . Nonrestrictive Route
NRS . . . . . . . Navigation Reference System
7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
1-2-6 Terms of Reference
Abbreviation Meaning
NTZ . . . . . . . No transgression zone
NWS . . . . . . . National Weather Service
NWSOP . . . . National Winter Storm Operations Plan
ODALS . . . . Omnidirectional Approach Lighting
System
ODP . . . . . . . Obstacle Departure Procedure
OID . . . . . . . Operator Interface Device
ONER . . . . . . Oceanic Navigational Error Report
OS . . . . . . . . Operations Supervisor
OTR . . . . . . . Oceanic transition route
PAPI . . . . . . . Precision Approach Path Indicators
PAR . . . . . . . Precision approach radar
PAR . . . . . . . Preferred arrival route
PBCT . . . . . . Proposed boundary crossing time
P/CG . . . . . . . Pilot/Controller Glossary
PDAR . . . . . . Preferential departure arrival route
PDC . . . . . . . Pre-Departure Clearance
PDR . . . . . . . Preferential departure route
PIDP . . . . . . . Programmable indicator data processor
PPI . . . . . . . . Plan position indicator
PTP . . . . . . . . Point-to-point
PVD . . . . . . . Plan view display
RA . . . . . . . . Radar Associate
RAIL . . . . . . Runway alignment indicator lights
RAPCON . . . Radar Approach Control Facility (USAF)
RATCF . . . . . Radar Air Traffic Control Facility (USN)
RBS . . . . . . . Radar bomb scoring
RCC . . . . . . . Rescue Coordination Center
RCLS . . . . . . Runway Centerline System
RCR . . . . . . . Runway condition reading
RDP . . . . . . . Radar data processing
RE . . . . . . . . Recent (used to qualify weather
phenomena such as rain, e.g. recent rain =
RERA)
REIL . . . . . . . Runway end identifier lights
RNAV . . . . . . Area navigation
RNP . . . . . . . Required Navigation Performance
RTQC . . . . . . Real-Time Quality Control
RVR . . . . . . . Runway visual range
RVSM . . . . . . Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
RVV . . . . . . . Runway visibility value
SAA . . . . . . . Special Activity Airspace
SAR . . . . . . . Search and rescue
Abbreviation Meaning
SATCOM . . . Satellite Communication
SELCAL . . . . Selective Calling System
SFA . . . . . . . . Single frequency approach
SFO . . . . . . . Simulated flameout
SID . . . . . . . . Standard Instrument Departure
SIGMET . . . . Significant meteorological information
SPA . . . . . . . . Special Posting Area
SPECI . . . . . . Nonroutine (Special) Aviation Weather
Report
STAR . . . . . . Standard terminal arrival
STARS . . . . . Standard Terminal Automation
Replacement System
STMC . . . . . . Supervisory Traffic Management
Coordinator
STMCIC . . . . Supervisory Traffic Management
Coordinator-in-charge
STOL . . . . . . Short takeoff and landing
SURPIC . . . . Surface Picture
SVFR . . . . . . Special Visual Flight Rules
TAA . . . . . . . Terminal arrival area
TAS . . . . . . . Terminal Automation Systems
TACAN . . . . TACAN UHF navigational aid
(omnidirectional course and distance
information)
TAWS . . . . . . Terrain Awareness Warning System
TCAS . . . . . . Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System
TCDD . . . . . . Tower cab digital display
TDLS . . . . . . Terminal Data Link System
TDW . . . . . . Tower display workstation
TDWR . . . . . Terminal Doppler Weather Radar
TDZL . . . . . . Touchdown Zone Light System
TMC . . . . . . . Traffic Management Coordinator
TMU . . . . . . . Traffic Management Unit
TRACON . . . Terminal Radar Approach Control
TRSA . . . . . . Terminal radar service area
UFO . . . . . . . Unidentified flying object
UHF . . . . . . . Ultra high frequency
URET . . . . . . User request evaluation tool
USA . . . . . . . United States Army
USAF . . . . . . United States Air Force
USN . . . . . . . United States Navy
UTC . . . . . . . Coordinated universal time
UTM . . . . . . . Unsuccessful transmission message
UUA . . . . . . . Urgent pilot weather report
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1-2-7
Terms of Reference
Abbreviation Meaning
VFR . . . . . . . Visual flight rules
VHF . . . . . . . Very high frequency
VMC . . . . . . Visual meteorological conditions
VNAV . . . . . . Vertical Navigation
VOR . . . . . . . VHF navigational aid (omnidirectional
course information)
VOR/DME . . Collocated VOR and DME navigational
aids (VHF course and UHF distance
information)
VORTAC . . . Collocated VOR and TACAN navigation
aids (VHF and UHF course and UHF
distance information)
VR . . . . . . . . VFR military training route
VSCS . . . . . . Voice Switching and Control System
WAAS . . . . . Wide Area Augmentation System
WARP . . . . . Weather and Radar Processing
WATRS . . . . . West Atlantic Route System
WSO . . . . . . Weather Service Office
WSP . . . . . . . Weather System Processor
WST . . . . . . . Convective SIGMET
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1-2-8
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-1
General
Chapter 2. General Control
Section 1. General
2-1-1. ATC SERVICE
The primary purpose of the ATC system is to prevent
a collision between aircraft operating in the system
and to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and
to provide support for National Security and
Homeland Defense. In addition to its primary
function, the ATC system has the capability to
provide (with certain limitations) additional services.
The ability to provide additional services is limited by
many factors, such as the volume of traffic, frequency
congestion, quality of radar, controller workload,
higher priority duties, and the pure physical inability
to scan and detect those situations that fall in this
category. It is recognized that these services cannot be
provided in cases in which the provision of services
is precluded by the above factors. Consistent with the
aforementioned conditions, controllers shall provide
additional service procedures to the extent permitted
by higher priority duties and other circumstances.
The provision of additional services is not optional on
the part of the controller, but rather is required when
the work situation permits. Provide air traffic control
service in accordance with the procedures and
minima in this order except when:
a. A deviation is necessary to conform with ICAO
Documents, National Rules of the Air, or special
agreements where the U.S. provides air traffic control
service in airspace outside the U.S. and its
possessions or:
NOTE-
Pilots are required to abide by CFRs or other applicable
regulations regardless of the application of any procedure
or minima in this order.
b. Other procedures/minima are prescribed in a
letter of agreement, FAA directive, or a military
document, or:
NOTE-
These procedures may include altitude reservations,
air_refueling, fighter interceptor operations, law enforcement, etc.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 1-1-9, Procedural Letters of Agreement.
c. A deviation is necessary to assist an aircraft
when an emergency has been declared.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-6, Safety Alert.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Chapter 10, Emergencies.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-1-8, Merging Target Procedures.
2-1-2. DUTY PRIORITY
a. Give first priority to separating aircraft and
issuing safety alerts as required in this order. Good
judgment shall be used in prioritizing all other
provisions of this order based on the requirements of
the situation at hand.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-6, Safety Alert.
NOTE-
Because there are many variables involved, it is virtually
impossible to develop a standard list of duty priorities that
would apply uniformly to every conceivable situation.
Each set of circumstances must be evaluated on its own
merit, and when more than one action is required,
controllers shall exercise their best judgment based on the
facts and circumstances known to them. That action which
is most critical from a safety standpoint is performed first.
b. Provide support to national security and
homeland defense activities to include, but not be
limited to, reporting of suspicious and/or unusual
aircraft/pilot activities.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7610.4, Special Operations.
c. Provide additional services to the extent
possible, contingent only upon higher priority duties
and other factors including limitations of radar,
volume of traffic, frequency congestion, and
workload.
2-1-3. PROCEDURAL PREFERENCE
a. Use automation procedures in preference to
nonautomation procedures when workload, communications, and equipment capabilities permit.
b. Use radar separation in preference to nonradar
separation when it will be to an operational advantage
and workload, communications, and equipment
permit.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-2 General
c. Use nonradar separation in preference to radar
separation when the situation dictates that an
operational advantage will be gained.
NOTE-
One situation may be where vertical separation would
preclude excessive vectoring.
2-1-4. OPERATIONAL PRIORITY
Provide air traffic control service to aircraft on a “first
come, first served" basis as circumstances permit,
except the following:
NOTE-
It is solely the pilot's prerogative to cancel an IFR flight
plan. However, a pilot's retention of an IFR flight plan does
not afford priority over VFR aircraft. For example, this
does not preclude the requirement for the pilot of an
arriving IFR aircraft to adjust his/her flight path, as
necessary, to enter a traffic pattern in sequence with
arriving VFR aircraft.
a. An aircraft in distress has the right of way over
all other air traffic.
REFERENCE14 CFR Section 91.113(c).
b. Provide priority to civilian air ambulance
flights “LIFEGUARD." Air carrier/taxi usage of the
“LIFEGUARD" call sign, indicates that operational
priority is requested. When verbally requested,
provide priority to military air evacuation flights
(AIR EVAC, MED EVAC) and scheduled air
carrier/air taxi flights. Assist the pilots of air
ambulance/evacuation aircraft to avoid areas of
significant weather and turbulent conditions. When
requested by a pilot, provide notifications to expedite
ground handling of patients, vital organs, or urgently
needed medical materials.
NOTE-
It is recognized that heavy traffic flow may affect the
controller's ability to provide priority handling. However,
without compromising safety, good judgment shall be used
in each situation to facilitate the most expeditious
movement of a lifeguard aircraft.
c. Provide maximum assistance to SAR aircraft
performing a SAR mission.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 10-1-3, Providing Assistance.
d. Expedite the movement of presidential aircraft
and entourage and any rescue support aircraft as well
as related control messages when traffic conditions
and communications facilities permit.
NOTE-
As used herein the terms presidential aircraft and
entourage include aircraft and entourage of the President,
Vice President, or other public figures when designated by
the White House.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-4-20, Aircraft Identification.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-3-2, Departure Clearances.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 5-1-1, Advance Coordination.
e. Provide special handling, as required to
expedite Flight Check aircraft.
NOTE-
It is recognized that unexpected wind conditions, weather,
or heavy traffic flows may affect controller's ability to
provide priority or special handling at the specific time
requested.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-1-3, Flight Check Aircraft.
f. Expedite movement of NIGHT WATCH aircraft
when NAOC (pronounced NA-YOCK) is indicated
in the remarks section of the flight plan or in
air/ground communications.
NOTE-
The term “NAOC" will not be a part of the call sign but may
be used when the aircraft is airborne to indicate a request
for special handling.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7610.4, Para 12-1-1, Applications.
g. Provide expeditious handling for any civil or
military aircraft using the code name “FLYNET."
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-6, FLYNET.
FAAO JO 7610.4, Para_12-4-1, “FLYNET" Flights, Nuclear
Emergency Teams.
h. Provide expeditious handling of aircraft using
the code name “Garden Plot" only when CARF
notifies you that such priority is authorized. Refer any
questions regarding flight procedures to CARF for
resolution.
NOTE-
Garden Plot flights require priority movement and are
coordinated by the military with CARF. State authority will
contact the Regional Administrator to arrange for priority
of National Guard troop movements within a particular
state.
i. Provide special handling for USAF aircraft
engaged in aerial sampling missions using the code
name “SAMP."
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-16, SAMP.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para_5-3-4, Atmosphere Sampling For Nuclear
Contamination.
FAAO JO 7610.4, Para_12-4-3, Atmospheric Sampling For Nuclear
Contamination.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-3
General
j. Provide maximum assistance to expedite the
movement of interceptor aircraft on active air defense
missions until the unknown aircraft is identified.
k. Expedite movement of Special Air Mission
aircraft when SCOOT is indicated in the remarks
section of the flight plan or in air/ground
communications.
NOTE-
The term “SCOOT" will not be part of the call sign but may
be used when the aircraft is airborne to indicate a request
for special handling.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-11, Law Enforcement Operations by
Civil and Military Organizations.
FAAO JO 7610.4, Para 12-7-1, Applications.
l. When requested, provide priority handling to
TEAL and NOAA mission aircraft.
NOTE-
Priority handling may be requested by the pilot, or via
telephone from CARCAH or the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (53WRS) operations center personnel, or
in the remarks section of the flight plan.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-18, Weather Reconnaissance Flights.
m. IFR aircraft shall have priority over SVFR
aircraft.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Chapter 7, Section 5, Special VFR (SVFR).
n. Providing priority and special handling to
expedite the movement of OPEN SKIES observation
and demonstration flights.
NOTE-
An OPEN SKIES aircraft has priority over all “regular"
air traffic. “Regular" is defined as all aircraft traffic other
than:
1. Emergencies.
2. Aircraft directly involved in presidential movement.
3. Forces or activities in actual combat.
4. Lifeguard, MED EVAC, AIR EVAC and active SAR
missions.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-21, OPEN SKIES Treaty Aircraft.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 5-3-7, OPEN SKIES Treaty Aircraft.
Treaty on OPEN SKIES, Treaty Document, 102-37.
o. Aircraft operating under the North American
Route Program (NRP) and in airspace identified in
the High Altitude Redesign (HAR) program, are not
subject to route limiting restrictions (e.g., published
preferred IFR routes, letter of agreement requirements, standard operating procedures).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-3-2, En Route Data Entries.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_2-2-15, North American Route Program
(NRP) Information.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-2-5, Route or Altitude Amendments.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Chapter 17, Section 15, North American Route
Program.
p. If able, provide priority handling to diverted
flights. Priority handling may be requested via use of
“DVRSN" in the remarks section of the flight plan or
by the flight being placed on the Diversion Recovery
Tool (DRT).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 17-4-5, Diversion Recovery.
2-1-5. EXPEDITIOUS COMPLIANCE
a. Use the word “immediately" only when
expeditious compliance is required to avoid an
imminent situation.
b. Use the word “expedite" only when prompt
compliance is required to avoid the development of
an imminent situation. If an “expedite" climb or
descent clearance is issued by ATC, and subsequently
the altitude to maintain is changed or restated without
an expedite instruction, the expedite instruction is
canceled.
c. In either case, if time permits, include the reason
for this action.
2-1-6. SAFETY ALERT
Issue a safety alert to an aircraft if you are aware the
aircraft is in a position/altitude which, in your
judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain,
obstructions, or other aircraft. Once the pilot informs
you action is being taken to resolve the situation, you
may discontinue the issuance of further alerts. Do not
assume that because someone else has responsibility
for the aircraft that the unsafe situation has been
observed and the safety alert issued; inform the
appropriate controller.
NOTE1. The issuance of a safety alert is a first priority (see
para_2-1-2, Duty Priority) once the controller observes
and recognizes a situation of unsafe aircraft proximity to
terrain, obstacles, or other aircraft. Conditions, such as
workload, traffic volume, the quality/limitations of the
radar system, and the available lead time to react are
factors in determining whether it is reasonable for the
controller to observe and recognize such situations. While
a controller cannot see immediately the development of
every situation where a safety alert must be issued, the
7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-4 General
controller must remain vigilant for such situations and
issue a safety alert when the situation is recognized.
2. Recognition of situations of unsafe proximity may result
from MSAW/E-MSAW/LAAS, automatic altitude readouts,
Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert, observations on a PAR
scope, or pilot reports.
3. Once the alert is issued, it is solely the pilot's
prerogative to determine what course of action, if any, will
be taken.
a. Terrain/Obstruction Alert. Immediately issue/
initiate an alert to an aircraft if you are aware the
aircraft is at an altitude which, in your judgment,
places it in unsafe proximity to terrain/obstructions.
Issue the alert as follows:
PHRASEOLOGY-
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT (call sign),
CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY.
THE (as appropriate) MEA/MVA/MOCA/MIA IN YOUR
AREA IS (altitude),
or if an aircraft is past the final approach fix
(nonprecision approach),
or the outer marker,
or the fix used in lieu of the outer marker (precision
approach),
and, if known, issue
THE (as appropriate) MDA/DH IS (altitude).
b. Aircraft Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert.
Immediately issue/initiate an alert to an aircraft if you
are aware of another aircraft at an altitude which you
believe places them in unsafe proximity. If feasible,
offer the pilot an alternate course of action.
c. When an alternate course of action is given, end
the transmission with the word “immediately."
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC ALERT (call sign) (position of aircraft) ADVISE
YOU TURN LEFT/RIGHT (heading),
and/or
CLIMB/DESCEND (specific altitude if appropriate)
IMMEDIATELY.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-14-1, Conflict Alert (CA) and Mode C
Intruder (MCI) Alert.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-14-2, En Route Minimum Safe Altitude
Warning (E-MSAW).
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-15-6, CA/MCI.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-2-23, Altitude Filters.
2-1-7. INFLIGHT EQUIPMENT
MALFUNCTIONS
a. When a pilot reports an inflight equipment
malfunction, determine the nature and extent of any
special handling desired.
NOTE-
Inflight equipment malfunctions include partial or
complete failure of equipment, which may affect either
safety, separation standards, and/or the ability of the flight
to proceed under IFR, or in Reduced Vertical Separation
Minimum (RVSM) airspace, in the ATC system. Controllers may expect reports from pilots regarding VOR,
TACAN, ADF, GPS, RVSM capability, or low frequency
navigation receivers, impairment of air-ground communications capability, or other equipment deemed
appropriate by the pilot (e.g., airborne weather radar).
Pilots should communicate the nature and extent of any
assistance desired from ATC.
b. Provide the maximum assistance possible
consistent with equipment, workload, and any special
handling requested.
c. Relay to other controllers or facilities who will
subsequently handle the aircraft, all pertinent details
concerning the aircraft and any special handling
required or being provided.
2-1-8. MINIMUM FUEL
If an aircraft declares a state of “minimum fuel,"
inform any facility to whom control jurisdiction is
transferred of the minimum fuel problem and be alert
for any occurrence which might delay the aircraft
en_route.
NOTE-
Use of the term “minimum fuel" indicates recognition by
a pilot that his/her fuel supply has reached a state where,
upon reaching destination, he/she cannot accept any undue
delay. This is not an emergency situation but merely an
advisory that indicates an emergency situation is possible
should any undue delay occur. A minimum fuel advisory
does not imply a need for traffic priority. Common sense
and good judgment will determine the extent of assistance
to be given in minimum fuel situations. If, at any time, the
remaining usable fuel supply suggests the need for traffic
priority to ensure a safe landing, the pilot should declare
an emergency and report fuel remaining in minutes.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-5
General
2-1-9. REPORTING ESSENTIAL FLIGHT
INFORMATION
Report as soon as possible to the appropriate
AFSS/FSS, airport manager's office, ARTCC,
approach control facility, operations office, or
military operations office any information concerning components of the NAS or any flight conditions
which may have an adverse effect on air safety.
NOTE-
AFSSs/FSSs are responsible for classifying and disseminating Notices to Airmen.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-3-3, Timely Information.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-1-6, Service Limitations.
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 3-1-2, Periodic Maintenance.
USN, See OPNAVINST 3721.30.
2-1-10. NAVAID MALFUNCTIONS
a. When an aircraft reports a ground-based
NAVAID malfunction, take the following actions:
1. Request a report from a second aircraft.
2. If the second aircraft reports normal
operations, continue use and inform the first aircraft.
Record the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or
appropriate military form.
3. If the second aircraft confirms the malfunction or in the absence of a second aircraft report,
activate the standby equipment or request the monitor
facility to activate.
4. If normal operation is reported after the
standby equipment is activated, continue use, record
the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or appropriate
military form, and notify technical operations
personnel (the Systems Engineer of the ARTCC
when an en route aid is involved).
5. If continued malfunction is reported after the
standby equipment is activated or the standby
equipment cannot be activated, inform technical
operations personnel and request advice on whether
or not the aid should be shut down. In the absence of
a second aircraft report, advise the technical
operations personnel of the time of the initial aircraft
report and the estimated time a second aircraft report
could be obtained.
b. When an aircraft reports a GPS anomaly,
request the following information and/or take the
following actions:
1. Record the following minimum information:
(a) Aircraft call sign and type.
(b) Location.
(c) Altitude.
(d) Date/time of occurrence.
2. Record the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or
appropriate military form.
3. Broadcast the anomaly report to other aircraft
as necessary.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT, GPS REPORTED
UNRELIABLE IN VICINITY/AREA (position).
EXAMPLE“Attention all aircraft, GPS reported unreliable in the area
30 miles south of Waco VOR."
c. When an aircraft reports a Wide Area
Augmentation System (WAAS) anomaly, request the
following information and/or take the following
actions:
1. Determine if the pilot has lost all WAAS
service.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ARE YOU RECEIVING ANY WAAS SERVICE?
2. If the pilot reports receipt of any WAAS
service, acknowledge the report and continue normal
operations.
3. If the pilot reports loss of all WAAS service,
report as a GPS anomaly using procedures in
subpara_2-1-10b.
2-1-11. USE OF MARSA
a. MARSA may only be applied to military
operations specified in a letter of agreement or other
appropriate FAA or military document.
NOTE-
Application of MARSA is a military command prerogative.
It will not be invoked indiscriminately by individual units
or pilots. It will be used only for IFR operations requiring
its use. Commands authorizing MARSA will ensure that its
implementation and terms of use are documented and
coordinated with the control agency having jurisdiction
over the area in which the operations are conducted. Terms
of use will assign responsibility and provide for separation
among participating aircraft.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-6 General
b. ATC facilities do not invoke or deny MARSA.
Their sole responsibility concerning the use of
MARSA is to provide separation between military
aircraft engaged in MARSA operations and other
nonparticipating IFR aircraft.
c. DOD shall ensure that military pilots requesting
special-use airspace/ATCAAs have coordinated with
the scheduling agency, have obtained approval for
entry, and are familiar with the appropriate MARSA
procedures. ATC is not responsible for determining
which military aircraft are authorized to enter
special-use airspace/ATCAAs.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-12, Military Aerial Refueling.
2-1-12. MILITARY PROCEDURES
Military procedures in the form of additions,
modifications, and exceptions to the basic FAA
procedure are prescribed herein when a common
procedure has not been attained or to fulfill a specific
requirement. They shall be applied by:
a. ATC facilities operated by that military service.
EXAMPLE1. An Air Force facility providing service for an Air Force
base would apply USAF procedures to all traffic regardless
of class.
2. A Navy facility providing service for a Naval Air Station
would apply USN procedures to all traffic regardless of
class.
b. ATC facilities, regardless of their parent
organization (FAA, USAF, USN, USA), supporting
a designated military airport exclusively. This
designation determines which military procedures
are to be applied.
EXAMPLE1. An FAA facility supports a USAF base exclusively;
USAF procedures are applied to all traffic at that base.
2. An FAA facility provides approach control service for a
Naval Air Station as well as supporting a civil airport;
basic FAA procedures are applied at both locations by the
FAA facility.
3. A USAF facility supports a USAF base and provides
approach control service to a satellite civilian airport;
USAF procedures are applied at both locations by the
USAF facility.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 1-2-5, Annotations.
c. Other ATC facilities when specified in a letter of
agreement.
EXAMPLE-
A USAF unit is using a civil airport supported by an FAA
facility- USAF procedures will be applied as specified in
a letter of agreement between the unit and the FAA facility
to the aircraft of the USAF unit. Basic FAA procedures will
be applied to all other aircraft.
2-1-13. FORMATION FLIGHTS
a. Control formation flights as a single aircraft.
When individual control is requested, issue advisory
information which will assist the pilots in attaining
separation. When pilot reports indicate separation has
been established, issue control instructions as
required.
NOTE1. Separation responsibility between aircraft within the
formation during transition to individual control rests with
the pilots concerned until standard separation has been
attained.
2. Formation join-up and breakaway will be conducted in
VFR weather conditions unless prior authorization has
been obtained from ATC or individual control has been
approved.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-5-8, Additional Separation for Formation
Flights.
P/CG Term- Formation Flight.
b. Military and civil formation flights in RVSM
airspace.
1. Utilize RVSM separation standards for a
formation flight, which consists of all RVSM
approved aircraft.
2. Utilize non-RVSM separation standards for
a formation flight above FL 290, which does not
consist of all RVSM approved aircraft.
3. If aircraft are requesting to form a formation
flight to FL 290 or above, the controller who issues
the clearance creating the formation flight is
responsible for ensuring that the proper equipment
suffix is entered for the lead aircraft.
4. If the flight departs as a formation, and is
requesting FL 290 or above, the first center sector
shall ensure that the proper equipment suffix is
entered.
5. If the formation flight is below FL 290 and
later requests FL 290 or above, the controller
receiving the RVSM altitude request shall ensure the
proper equipment suffix is entered.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-7
General
6. Upon break-up of the formation flight, the
controller initiating the break-up shall ensure that all
aircraft or flights are assigned their proper equipment
suffix.
2-1-14. COORDINATE USE OF AIRSPACE
a. Ensure that the necessary coordination has been
accomplished before you allow an aircraft under your
control to enter another controller's area of
jurisdiction.
b. Before you issue control instructions directly or
relay through another source to an aircraft which is
within another controller's area of jurisdiction that
will change that aircraft's heading, route, speed, or
altitude, ensure that coordination has been accomplished with each of the controllers listed below
whose area of jurisdiction is affected by those
instructions unless otherwise specified by a letter of
agreement or a facility directive:
1. The controller within whose area of jurisdiction the control instructions will be issued.
2. The controller receiving the transfer of
control.
3. Any intervening controller(s) through whose
area of jurisdiction the aircraft will pass.
c. If you issue control instructions to an aircraft
through a source other than another controller
(e.g.,_ARINC, AFSS/FSS, another pilot) ensure that
the necessary coordination has been accomplished
with any controllers listed in subparas b1, 2, and 3,
whose area of jurisdiction is affected by those
instructions unless otherwise specified by a letter of
agreement or a facility directive.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-15, Control Transfer.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-5-10, Adjacent Airspace.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-5, Transferring Controller Handoff.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-6, Receiving Controller Handoff.
2-1-15. CONTROL TRANSFER
a. Transfer control of an aircraft in accordance
with the following conditions:
1. At a prescribed or coordinated location, time,
fix, or altitude; or,
2. At the time a radar handoff and frequency
change to the receiving controller have been
completed and when authorized by a facility directive
or letter of agreement which specifies the type and
extent of control that is transferred.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-14, Coordinate Use of Airspace.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-5, Transferring Controller Handoff.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-6, Receiving Controller Handoff.
b. Transfer control of an aircraft only after
eliminating any potential conflict with other aircraft
for which you have separation responsibility.
c. Assume control of an aircraft only after it is in
your area of jurisdiction unless specifically coordinated or as specified by letter of agreement or a facility
directive.
2-1-16. SURFACE AREAS
a. Coordinate with the appropriate nonapproach
control tower on an individual aircraft basis before
issuing a clearance which would require flight within
a surface area for which the tower has responsibility
unless otherwise specified in a letter of agreement.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 4-3-1, Letters of Agreement.
14 CFR Section 91.127, Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport
in Class_E Airspace.
P/CG Term- Surface Area.
b. Coordinate with the appropriate control tower
for transit authorization when you are providing radar
traffic advisory service to an aircraft that will enter
another facility's airspace.
NOTE-
The pilot is not expected to obtain his/her own
authorization through each area when in contact with a
radar facility.
c. Transfer communications to the appropriate
facility, if required, prior to operation within a surface
area for which the tower has responsibility.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-17, Radio Communications Transfer.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-11, Surface Area Restrictions.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-6-1, Application.
14 CFR Section 91.129, Operations in Class D Airspace.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-8 General
2-1-17. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSFER
a. Transfer radio communications before an
aircraft enters the receiving controller's area of
jurisdiction unless otherwise coordinated or specified
by a letter of agreement or a facility directive.
b. Transfer radio communications by specifying
the following:
NOTE-
Radio communications transfer procedures may be
specified by a letter of agreement or contained in the route
description of an MTR as published in the DOD Planning
AP/1B (AP/3).
1. The facility name or location name and
terminal function to be contacted. TERMINAL: Omit
the location name when transferring communications
to another controller within your facility; except
when instructing the aircraft to change frequency for
final approach guidance include the name of the
facility.
2. Frequency to use except the following may be
omitted:
(a) FSS frequency.
(b) Departure frequency if previously given
or published on a SID chart for the procedure issued.
(c) TERMINAL:
(1) Ground or local control frequency if in
your opinion the pilot knows which frequency is in
use.
(2) The numbers preceding the decimal
point if the ground control frequency is in the
121_MHz bandwidth.
EXAMPLE“Contact Tower."
“Contact Ground."
“Contact Ground Point Seven."
“Contact Ground, One Two Zero Point Eight."
“Contact Huntington Radio."
“Contact Departure."
“Contact Los Angeles Center, One Two Three Point Four."
3. Time, fix, altitude, or specifically when to
contact a facility. You may omit this when
compliance is expected upon receipt.
NOTE-
AIM, para 5-3-1, ARTCC Communications, informs pilots
that they are expected to maintain a listening watch on the
transferring controller's frequency until the time, fix, or
altitude specified.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTACT (facility name or location name and terminal
function), (frequency).
If required,
AT (time, fix, or altitude).
c. In situations where an operational advantage
will be gained, and following coordination with the
receiving controller, you may instruct aircraft on the
ground to monitor the receiving controller's
frequency.
EXAMPLE“Monitor Tower."
“Monitor Ground."
“Monitor Ground Point Seven."
“Monitor Ground, One Two Zero Point Eight."
d. In situations where a sector has multiple
frequencies or when sectors are combined using
multiple frequencies and the aircraft will remain
under your jurisdiction, transfer radio communication by specifying the following:
PHRASEOLOGY(Identification) CHANGE TO MY FREQUENCY (state
frequency).
EXAMPLE“United two twenty-two change to my frequency one two
three point four."
REFERENCE-
AIM, Para 4-2-3, Contact Procedures.
e. Avoid issuing a frequency change to helicopters
known to be single-piloted during air-taxiing,
hovering, or low-level flight. Whenever possible,
relay necessary control instructions until the pilot is
able to change frequency.
NOTE-
Most light helicopters are flown by one pilot and require
the constant use of both hands and feet to maintain control.
Although Flight Control Friction Devices assist the pilot,
changing frequency near the ground could result in
inadvertent ground contact and consequent loss of control.
Pilots are expected to advise ATC of their single-pilot
status if unable to comply with a frequency change.
REFERENCE-
AIM, Para 4-3-14, Communications.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-9
General
f. In situations where the controller does not want
the pilot to change frequency but the pilot is expecting
or may want a frequency change, use the following
phraseology.
PHRASEOLOGY-
REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-7-1, Clearance Information.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-9, Communication Transfer.
2-1-18. OPERATIONAL REQUESTS
Respond to a request from another controller, a pilot
or vehicle operator by one of the following verbal
means:
a. Restate the request in complete or abbreviated
terms followed by the word “APPROVED." The
phraseology “APPROVED AS REQUESTED" may
be substituted in lieu of a lengthy readback.
PHRASEOLOGY(Requested operation) APPROVED.
or
APPROVED AS REQUESTED.
b. State restrictions followed by the word
“APPROVED."
PHRASEOLOGY(Restriction and/or additional instructions, requested
operation) APPROVED.
c. State the word “UNABLE" and, time permitting, a reason.
PHRASEOLOGY-
UNABLE (requested operation).
and when necessary,
(reason and/or additional instructions.)
d. State the words “STAND BY."
NOTE“STAND BY" is not an approval or denial. The controller
acknowledges the request and will respond at a later time.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-21, Traffic Advisories.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-2-5, Route or Altitude Amendments.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-9-3, Methods.
2-1-19. WAKE TURBULENCE
a. Apply wake turbulence procedures to aircraft
operating behind heavy jets/B757s and, where
indicated, to small aircraft behind large aircraft.
NOTE-
Para 5-5-4, Minima, specifies increased radar separation
for small type aircraft landing behind large, heavy, or
B757_aircraft because of the possible effects of wake
turbulence.
b. The separation minima shall continue to
touchdown for all IFR aircraft not making a visual
approach or maintaining visual separation.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-5, Approach Separation Responsibility.
2-1-20. WAKE TURBULENCE
CAUTIONARY ADVISORIES
a. Issue wake turbulence cautionary advisories
and the position, altitude if known, and direction of
flight of the heavy jet or B757 to:
REFERENCE-
AC 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence, Pilot Responsibility, Para 12.
1. TERMINAL. VFR aircraft not being radar
vectored but are behind heavy jets or B757s.
2. IFR aircraft that accept a visual approach or
visual separation.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-4-1, Visual Approach.
3. TERMINAL. VFR arriving aircraft that have
previously been radar vectored and the vectoring has
been discontinued.
b. Issue cautionary information to any aircraft if in
your opinion, wake turbulence may have an adverse
effect on it. When traffic is known to be a heavy
aircraft, include the word heavy in the description.
NOTE-
Wake turbulence may be encountered by aircraft in flight
as well as when operating on the airport movement area.
Because wake turbulence is unpredictable, the controller
is not responsible for anticipating its existence or effect.
Although not mandatory during ground operations,
controllers may use the words jet blast, propwash, or
rotorwash, in lieu of wake turbulence, when issuing a
caution advisory.
REFERENCE-
AC 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence.
P/CG Term- Aircraft Classes.
P/CG Term- Wake Turbulence.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE (traffic information).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-2-1, Visual Separation.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-10 General
2-1-21. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES
Unless an aircraft is operating within Class A airspace
or omission is requested by the pilot, issue traffic
advisories to all aircraft (IFR or VFR) on your
frequency when, in your judgment, their proximity
may diminish to less than the applicable separation
minima. Where no separation minima applies, such
as for VFR aircraft outside of Class B/Class C
airspace, or a TRSA, issue traffic advisories to those
aircraft on your frequency when in your judgment
their proximity warrants it. Provide this service as
follows:
a. To radar identified aircraft:
1. Azimuth from aircraft in terms of the 12-hour
clock, or
2. When rapidly maneuvering aircraft prevent
accurate issuance of traffic as in 1 above, specify the
direction from an aircraft's position in terms of the
eight cardinal compass points (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW,
W, and NW). This method shall be terminated at the
pilot's request.
3. Distance from aircraft in miles.
4. Direction in which traffic is proceeding
and/or relative movement of traffic.
NOTE-
Relative movement includes closing, converging, parallel
same direction, opposite direction, diverging, overtaking,
crossing left to right, crossing right to left.
5. If known, type of aircraft and altitude.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-4-21, Description of Aircraft Types.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC, (number) O'CLOCK,
or when appropriate,
(direction) (number) MILES, (direction)-BOUND and/or
(relative movement),
and if known,
(type of aircraft and altitude).
or
When appropriate,
(type of aircraft and relative position), (number of feet)
FEET ABOVE/BELOW YOU.
If altitude is unknown,
ALTITUDE UNKNOWN.
EXAMPLE“Traffic, eleven o'clock, one zero miles, southbound,
converging, Boeing Seven Twenty Seven, one seven
thousand."
“Traffic, twelve o'clock, one five miles, opposite direction,
altitude unknown."
“Traffic, ten o'clock, one two miles, southeast bound,
one_thousand feet below you."
6. When requested by the pilot, issue radar
vectors to assist in avoiding the traffic, provided the
aircraft to be vectored is within your area of
jurisdiction or coordination has been effected with
the sector/facility in whose area the aircraft is
operating.
7. If unable to provide vector service, inform the
pilot.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-18, Operational Requests.
8. Inform the pilot of the following when traffic
you have issued is not reported in sight:
(a) The traffic is no factor.
(b) The traffic is no longer depicted on radar.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO LONGER OBSERVED,
or
(number) O'CLOCK TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO
LONGER OBSERVED,
or
(direction) TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO LONGER
OBSERVED.
b. To aircraft that are not radar identified:
1. Distance and direction from fix.
2. Direction in which traffic is proceeding.
3. If known, type of aircraft and altitude.
4. ETA over the fix the aircraft is approaching,
if appropriate.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC, (number) MILES/MINUTES (direction) OF
(airport or fix), (direction)-BOUND,
and if known,
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-11
General
(type of aircraft and altitude),
ESTIMATED (fix) (time),
or
TRAFFIC, NUMEROUS AIRCRAFT VICINITY
(location).
If altitude is unknown,
ALTITUDE UNKNOWN.
EXAMPLE“Traffic, one zero miles east of Forsythe V-O-R,
Southbound, M-D Eighty, descending to one six
thousand."
“Traffic, reported one zero miles west of Downey V-O-R,
northbound, Apache, altitude unknown, estimated Joliet
V-O-R one three one five.“
“Traffic, eight minutes west of Chicago Heights V-O-R,
westbound, Mooney, eight thousand, estimated Joliet
V-O-R two zero three five."
“Traffic, numerous aircraft, vicinity of Delia airport."
c. For aircraft displaying Mode C, not radar
identified, issue indicated altitude.
EXAMPLE“Traffic, one o'clock, six miles, eastbound, altitude
indicates six thousand five hundred."
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-6, Traffic Information.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-2-1, Visual Separation.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-6-10, VFR Departure Information.
2-1-22. BIRD ACTIVITY INFORMATION
a. Issue advisory information on pilot-reported,
tower-observed, or radar-observed and pilot-verified
bird activity. Include position, species or size of birds,
if known, course of flight, and altitude. Do this for at
least 15 minutes after receipt of such information
from pilots or from adjacent facilities unless visual
observation or subsequent reports reveal the activity
is no longer a factor.
EXAMPLE“Flock of geese, one o'clock, seven miles, northbound, last
reported at four thousand."
“Flock of small birds, southbound along Mohawk River,
last reported at three thousand."
“Numerous flocks of ducks, vicinity Lake Winnebago,
altitude unknown."
b. Relay bird activity information to adjacent
facilities and to AFSSs/FSSs whenever it appears it
will become a factor in their areas.
2-1-23. TRANSFER OF POSITION
RESPONSIBILITY
The transfer of position responsibility shall be
accomplished in accordance with the “Standard
Operating Practice (SOP) for the Transfer of Position
Responsibility," and appropriate facility directives
each time operational responsibility for a position is
transferred from one specialist to another.
2-1-24. WHEELS DOWN CHECK
USA/USAF/USN
Remind aircraft to check wheels down on each
approach unless the pilot has previously reported
wheels down for that approach.
NOTE-
The intent is solely to remind the pilot to lower the wheels,
not to place responsibility on the controller.
a. Tower shall issue the wheels down check at an
appropriate place in the pattern.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CHECK WHEELS DOWN.
b. Approach/arrival control, GCA shall issue the
wheels down check as follows:
1. To aircraft conducting ASR, PAR, or radar
monitored approaches, before the aircraft starts
descent on final approach.
2. To aircraft conducting instrument approaches
and remaining on the radar facility's frequency,
before the aircraft passes the outer marker/final
approach fix.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHEELS SHOULD BE DOWN.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
2-1-12 General
2-1-25. SUPERVISORY NOTIFICATION
Ensure supervisor/controller-in-charge (CIC) is
aware of conditions which impact sector/position
operations including, but not limited to, the
following:
a. Weather.
b. Equipment status.
c. Potential sector overload.
d. Emergency situations.
e. Special flights/operations.
2-1-26. PILOT DEVIATION NOTIFICATION
When it appears that the actions of a pilot constitute
a pilot deviation, notify the pilot, workload
permitting.
PHRASEOLOGY(Identification) POSSIBLE PILOT DEVIATION ADVISE
YOU CONTACT (facility) AT (telephone number).
REFERENCE-
FAAO 8020.11, Aircraft Accident and Incident Notification,
Investigation, and Reporting, Para 84, Pilot Deviations.
