ATC

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Section 8. Class C Service- Terminal 7-8-1. APPLICATION 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-2. CLASS C SERVICES 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-3. SEPARATION 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-4. ESTABLISHING TWO-WAY COMMUNICATIONS 7-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xv Table of Contents Paragraph Page 7-8-5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-6. EXCEPTIONS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-7. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATIONS 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8-8. TERMINATION OF SERVICE 7-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Class B Service Area- Terminal 7-9-1. APPLICATION 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-2. VFR AIRCRAFT IN CLASS B AIRSPACE 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-3. METHODS 7-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-4. SEPARATION 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-5. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-6. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-7. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9-8. APPROACH INTERVAL 7-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 8. Offshore/Oceanic Procedures Section 1. General 8-1-1. ATC SERVICE 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-2. OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AIRSPACE AREAS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-3. VFR FLIGHT PLANS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-4. TYPES OF SEPARATION 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-5. ALTIMETER SETTING 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-6. RECEIPT OF POSITION REPORTS 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-7. OCEANIC NAVIGATIONAL ERROR REPORTING (ONER) PROCEDURES 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1-8. USE OF CONTROL ESTIMATES 8-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Coordination 8-2-1. GENERAL 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2-2. TRANSFER OF CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2-3. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES INTERFACILITY DATA COMMUNICATIONS (AIDC) 8-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Longitudinal Separation 8-3-1. APPLICATION 8-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3-2. SEPARATION METHODS 8-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3-3. MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE 8-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Lateral Separation 8-4-1. APPLICATION 8-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4-2. SEPARATION METHODS 8-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4-3. REDUCTION OF ROUTE PROTECTED AIRSPACE 8-4-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4-4. TRACK SEPARATION 8-4-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xvi Table of Contents Section 5. Offshore/Oceanic Transition Procedures Paragraph Page 8-5-1. ALTITUDE/FLIGHT LEVEL TRANSITION 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5-2. COURSE DIVERGENCE 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5-3. OPPOSITE DIRECTION 8-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5-4. SAME DIRECTION 8-5-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Separation from Airspace Reservations 8-6-1. TEMPORARY STATIONARY AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6-2. REFUSAL OF AVOIDANCE CLEARANCE 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6-3. TEMPORARY MOVING AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. North Atlantic ICAO Region 8-7-1. APPLICATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-7-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7-5. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS IN NORTH ATLANTIC (NAT) AIRSPACE 8-7-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Caribbean ICAO Region 8-8-1. APPLICATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8-5. VFR CLIMB AND DESCENT 8-8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Pacific ICAO Region 8-9-1. APPLICATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-9-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-5. COMPOSITE SEPARATION MINIMA 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-6. COMPOSITE SEPARATION ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 8-9-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-7. COMPOSITE SEPARATION APPLICATION 8-9-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9-8. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES IN OCEANIC CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 8-9-4 . . . . . . . . Section 10. North American ICAO Region- Arctic CTA 8-10-1. APPLICATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10-2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10-4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8-10-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xvii Table of Contents

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Chapter 9. Special Flights Section 1. General 9-1-1. GENERAL 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1-2. SPECIAL HANDLING 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1-3. FLIGHT CHECK AIRCRAFT 9-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Special Operations 9-2-1. AIRCRAFT CARRYING DANGEROUS MATERIALS 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-2. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TRAINING 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-4. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-5. FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FLIGHTS 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-6. FLYNET 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-7. IFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES 9-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-8. INTERCEPTOR OPERATIONS 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-9. SPECIAL INTEREST SITES 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-10. LAND-BASED AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)/ AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) SECURITY SERVICES 9-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-11. LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS BY CIVIL AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 9-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-12. MILITARY AERIAL REFUELING 9-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-13. MILITARY OPERATIONS ABOVE FL_600 9-2-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-14. MILITARY SPECIAL USE FREQUENCIES 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-15. AVOIDANCE OF AREAS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-16. SAMP 9-2-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-17. AWACS/NORAD SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-18. WEATHER RECONNAISSANCE FLIGHTS 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-19. EVASIVE ACTION MANEUVER 9-2-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-20. NONSTANDARD FORMATION/CELL OPERATIONS 9-2-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2-21. OPEN SKIES TREATY AIRCRAFT 9-2-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Special Use and ATC Assigned Airspace 9-3-1. APPLICATION 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3-2. SEPARATION MINIMA 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3-3. VFR-ON-TOP 9-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3-4. TRANSITING ACTIVE SUA/ATCAA 9-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Fuel Dumping 9-4-1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4-2. ROUTING 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4-3. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4-4. SEPARATION MINIMA 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4-5. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 9-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Jettisoning of External Stores 9-5-1. JETTISONING OF EXTERNAL STORES 9-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/31/08 7110.65S CHG 1 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xviii Table of Contents Section 6. Unmanned Free Balloons Paragraph Page 9-6-1. APPLICATION 9-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6-2. DERELICT BALLOONS 9-6-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Parachute Operations 9-7-1. COORDINATION 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7-2. CLASS A, CLASS B, AND CLASS C AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7-3. CLASS D AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7-4. OTHER CONTROL AIRSPACE 9-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports 9-8-1. GENERAL 9-8-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 10. Emergencies Section 1. General 10-1-1. EMERGENCY DETERMINATIONS 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-2. OBTAINING INFORMATION 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-3. PROVIDING ASSISTANCE 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-4. RESPONSIBILITY 10-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-5. COORDINATION 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-6. AIRPORT GROUND EMERGENCY 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1-7. INFLIGHT EMERGENCIES INVOLVING MILITARY FIGHTER-TYPE AIRCRAFT 10-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Emergency Assistance 10-2-1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-2. FREQUENCY CHANGES 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-3. AIRCRAFT ORIENTATION 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-4. ALTITUDE CHANGE FOR IMPROVED RECEPTION 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-5. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 10-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-6. HIJACKED AIRCRAFT 10-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-7. VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-8. RADAR ASSISTANCE TO VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10-2-2 10-2-9. RADAR ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES 10-2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-10. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) SIGNALS 10-2-3 . . . . . . . . . 10-2-11. AIRCRAFT BOMB THREATS 10-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-12. EXPLOSIVE DETECTION K-9 TEAMS 10-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-13. MANPADS ALERT 10-2-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-14. UNAUTHORIZED LASER ILLUMINATION OF AIRCRAFT 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . 10-2-15. EMERGENCY AIRPORT RECOMMENDATION 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-16. GUIDANCE TO EMERGENCY AIRPORT 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-17. EMERGENCY OBSTRUCTION VIDEO MAP (EOVM) 10-2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2-18. VOLCANIC ASH 10-2-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xix Table of Contents Section 3. Overdue Aircraft Paragraph Page 10-3-1. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-2. INFORMATION TO BE FORWARDED TO ARTCC 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-3. INFORMATION TO BE FORWARDED TO RCC 10-3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-4. ALNOT 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-5. RESPONSIBILITY TRANSFER TO RCC 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-6. AIRCRAFT POSITION PLOTS 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3-7. ALNOT CANCELLATION 10-3-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Control Actions 10-4-1. TRAFFIC RESTRICTIONS 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4-2. LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4-3. TRAFFIC RESUMPTION 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4-4. COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE 10-4-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Miscellaneous Operations 10-5-1. NAVY FLEET SUPPORT MISSIONS 10-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5-2. EXPLOSIVE CARGO 10-5-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Oceanic Emergency Procedures 10-6-1. APPLICATION 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6-2. PHASES OF EMERGENCY 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6-3. ALERTING SERVICE AND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE 10-6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6-4. INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES 10-6-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6-5. SERVICES TO RESCUE AIRCRAFT 10-6-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Ground Missile Emergencies 10-7-1. INFORMATION RELAY 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7-2. IFR AND SVFR MINIMA 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7-3. VFR MINIMA 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7-4. SMOKE COLUMN AVOIDANCE 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7-5. EXTENDED NOTIFICATION 10-7-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 11. Traffic Management Procedures Section 1. General 11-1-1. DUTY RESPONSIBILITY 11-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1-2. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 11-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 12. Canadian Airspace Procedures Section 1. General Control 12-1-1. APPLICATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1-2. AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1-3. ONE THOUSAND-ON-TOP 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1-4. SEPARATION 12-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 xx Table of Contents Paragraph Page 12-1-5. DEPARTURE CLEARANCE/COMMUNICATION FAILURE 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1-6. PARACHUTE JUMPING 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1-7. SPECIAL VFR (SVFR) 12-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 13. Decision Support Tools Section 1. User Request Evaluation Tool (URET) - En Route 13-1-1. DESCRIPTION 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-2. CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-3. TRIAL PLANNING 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-4. URET-BASED CLEARANCES 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-5. THE AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL), DEPARTURE LIST (DL) AND FLIGHT DATA MANAGEMENT 13-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-6. MANUAL COORDINATION AND THE URET COORDINATION MENU 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-7. HOLDING 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-8. RECORDING OF CONTROL DATA 13-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AUTOMATED NOTIFICATION 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . 13-1-10. CURRENCY OF TRAJECTORY INFORMATION 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-11. DELAY REPORTING 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-12. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT 13-1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-13. USE OF GRAPHICS PLAN DISPLAY (GPD) 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-14. FORECAST WINDS 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-15. INTERFACILITY CONNECTIVITY 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-16. PRIMARY HOST OUTAGES 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1-17. URET AIRSPACE CONFIGURATION ELEMENTS 13-1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Ocean21 - Oceanic 13-2-1. DESCRIPTION 13-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2-2. CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION 13-2-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2-3. INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 13-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2-4. CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (CPDLC) 13-2-3 . . . 13-2-5. COORDINATION 13-2-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2-6. TEAM RESPONSIBILITIES - MULTIPLE PERSON OPERATION 13-2-4 . . . . .

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Appendices APPENDIX A. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT Appendix A-1 . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX B. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION HELICOPTERS/ROTORCRAFTS Appendix B-1 . . . APPENDIX C. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION SPECIFIC_ HOMEBUILT/EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT Appendix C-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX D. STANDARD OPERATING PRACTICE (SOP) FOR THE TRANSFER OF POSITION RESPONSIBILITY Appendix D-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PILOT/CONTROLLER GLOSSARY PCG-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX I-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-1-1 General

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Chapter 1. Introduction Section 1. General 1-1-1. PURPOSE This order prescribes air traffic control procedures and phraseology for use by persons providing air_traffic control services. Controllers are required to be familiar with the provisions of this order that pertain to their operational responsibilities and to exercise their best judgment if they encounter situations that are not covered by it. 1-1-2. DISTRIBUTION This order is distributed to selected offices in Washington headquarters, regional offices, service area offices, the William J. Hughes Technical Center, and the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. Also, copies are sent to all air traffic field facilities and international aviation field offices; and to interested aviation public. 1-1-3. CANCELLATION FAA Order 7110.65R, Air Traffic Control, dated February 16, 2006, and all changes to it are canceled. 1-1-4. EXPLANATION OF MAJOR CHANGES The significant changes to this order are identified in the Explanation of Changes page(s). It is advisable to retain the page(s) throughout the duration of the basic order. 1-1-5. EFFECTIVE DATE This order is effective February 14, 2008. 1-1-6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROCEDURAL CHANGES a. Personnel should submit recommended changes in procedures to facility management. b. Recommendations from other sources should be submitted through appropriate FAA, military, or industry/user channels to Headquarters, FAA, Vice_President, System Operations Services, attention: System Operations Airspace and AIM. 1-1-7. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SMS) Every employee is responsible to ensure the safety of equipment and procedures used in the provision of services within the National Airspace System (NAS). Risk assessment techniques and mitigations, as appropriate, are intended for implementation of any planned safety significant changes within the NAS, as directed by FAA Order 1100.161, Air Traffic Safety Oversight. Direction regarding the SMS and its application can be found in the FAA Safety Management System Manual and FAA Order_1100.161. The SMS will be implemented through a period of transitional activities. (Additional information pertaining to these requirements and processes can be obtained by contacting the service area offices.) 1-1-8. PUBLICATION AND DELIVERY DATES a. This order and its changes are scheduled to be published according to TBL 1-1-1. TBL 1-1-1 Publications Timetable Basic or Change Cutoff Date for Submission Effective Date of Publication 7110.65S Basic 8/30/07 2/14/08 Change 1 2/14/08 7/31/08 Change 2 7/31/08 3/12/09 Change 3 3/12/09 8/27/09 7110.65T Basic 8/27/09 2/11/10 b. If an FAA facility has not received the order/changes at least 30 days before the above effective dates, the facility shall notify its service area office distribution officer. c. If a military facility has not received the order/changes at least 30 days before the above effective dates, the facility shall notify its appropriate military headquarters. (See TBL 1-1-2.) JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-1-2 General TBL 1-1-2 Military Distribution Contacts Military Headquarters DSN Commercial U.S. Army USAASA 656-4868 (703) 806-4868 U.S. Air Force Contact Local *NIMA Customer Account Representative U.S. Navy CNO (N785F) 664-7727 (703) 604-7727 *NIMA-National Imagery and Mapping Agency 1-1-9. PROCEDURAL LETTERS OF AGREEMENT Procedures/minima which are applied jointly or otherwise require the cooperation or concurrence of more than one facility/organization must be documented in a letter of agreement. Letters of agreement only supplement this order. Any minima they specify must not be less than that specified herein unless appropriate military authority has authorized application of reduced separation between military aircraft. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-1, ATC Service. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 4-3-1, Letters of Agreement. 1-1-10. CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING SUPPLEMENTS AND PROCEDURAL DEVIATIONS a. Exceptional or unusual requirements may dictate procedural deviations or supplementary procedures to this order. Prior to implementing supplemental or any procedural deviation that alters the level, quality, or degree of service, obtain prior approval from the Vice President, System Operations Services. b. If military operations or facilities are involved, prior approval by the following appropriate headquarters is required for subsequent interface with FAA. (See TBL 1-1-3.) TBL 1-1-3 Military Operations Interface Offices Branch Address U.S. Navy Department of the Navy Chief of Naval Operations N785F 2000 Navy Pentagon Washington, D.C. 20350-2000 U.S. Air Force HQ AFFSA/XA 1535 Command Drive Suite D302 Andrews AFB, MD 20762-7002 U.S. Army Director USAASA (MOAS-AS) 9325 Gunston Road, Suite N319 Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-5582 NOTE- Terminal: Headquarters USAF has delegated to Major Air Command, Directors of Operations (MAJCOM/DOs) authority to reduce same runway separation standards for military aircraft. These are specified and approved by affected ATC and user units. When applied, appropriate advisories may be required; e.g., “(A/C call sign) continue straight ahead on right side; F-16 landing behind on left.” “(A/C call sign) hold position on right side; F-5 behind on left.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-3, Use of Active Runways. 1-1-11. REFERENCES TO FAA NON-AIR TRAFFIC ORGANIZATIONS When references are made to regional office organizations that are not part of the Air Traffic Organization (i.e., Communications Center, Flight Standards, Airport offices, etc.), the facility should contact the FAA region where the facility is physically located - not the region where the facility's service area office is located. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-1 Terms of Reference Section 2. Terms of Reference 1-2-1. WORD MEANINGS As used in this manual: a. Shall, or an action verb in the imperative sense, means a procedure is mandatory. EXAMPLE- The transferring controller shall forward this data to the receiving controller. Issue an alternative clearance. Authorize the aircraft to taxi. Do not clear an aircraft to land on or takeoff from a closed runway. b. Should means a procedure is recommended. c. May or need not means a procedure is optional. d. Will means futurity, not a requirement for the application of a procedure. e. Singular words include the plural. f. Plural words include the singular. g. Aircraft means the airframe, crew members, or both. h. Approved separation means separation in accordance with the applicable minima in this manual. i. Altitude means indicated altitude mean sea level (MSL), flight level (FL), or both. j. Miles means nautical miles unless otherwise specified, and means statute miles in conjunction with visibility. k. Course, bearing, azimuth, heading, and wind direction information shall always be magnetic unless specifically stated otherwise. l. Time when used for ATC operational activities, is the hour and the minute in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Change to the next minute is made at the minute plus 30 seconds, except time checks are given to the nearest quarter minute. m. Runway means the runway used by aircraft, and in discussions of separation standards is applicable to helipads with accompanying takeoff/ landing courses. (See Pilot/Controller Glossary term- Runway.) n. Flight operations in accordance with the options of due regard or operational obligates the authorized state aircraft commander to: 1. Separate his/her aircraft from all other air_traffic; and 2. Assure that an appropriate monitoring agency assumes responsibility for search and rescue actions; and 3. Operate under at least one of the following conditions: (a) In visual meteorological conditions (VMC); or (b) Wthin radar surveillance and radio communications of a surface radar facility; or (c) Be equipped with airborne radar that is sufficient to provide separation between his/her aircraft and any other aircraft he/she may be controlling and other aircraft; or (d) Operate within Class G airspace. (e) An understanding between the pilot and controller regarding the intent of the pilot and the status of the flight should be arrived at before the aircraft leaves ATC frequency. NOTE1. A pilot's use of the phrase “Going Tactical” does not indicate “Due Regard.” An understanding between the pilot and controller regarding the intent of the pilot and the status of the flight should be arrived at before the aircraft leaves air traffic control (ATC) frequency. 2. The above conditions provide for a level of safety equivalent to that normally given by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ATC agencies and fulfills U.S. Government obligations under Article 3 of the Chicago Convention of 1944 (Reference (d)), which stipulates there must be “due regard for the safety of navigation of civil aircraft” when flight is not being conducted under ICAO flight procedures. o. CFR means Code of Federal Regulations. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-2 Terms of Reference FIG 1-2-1 Divergence 1-2-2. COURSE DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall be used in the application of the separation criteria in this order. NOTE- The term “protected airspace,” as used in this paragraph, is the airspace equal to one half the required applicable lateral separation on either side of an aircraft along its projected flight path. If the protected airspace of two_aircraft does not overlap, applicable lateral separation is ensured. a. SAME COURSES are courses whose protected airspaces are coincident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is less than 45 degrees. (See_FIG 1-2-1.) b. CROSSING COURSES are intersecting courses whose angular difference is 45 through 135 degrees inclusive. (See_FIG 1-2-1.) c. OPPOSITE/RECIPROCAL COURSES are courses whose protected airspaces are coincident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is greater than 135 degrees through 180 degrees inclusive. (See_FIG 1-2-1.) 1-2-3. NOTES Statements of fact, or of a prefatory or explanatory nature relating to directive material, are set forth as notes. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-3 Terms of Reference 1-2-4. REFERENCES As used in this order, references direct attention to an additional or supporting source of information such as FAA, NWS, and other agencies' orders, directives, notices, CFRs, and Advisory Circulars (ACs). 1-2-5. ANNOTATIONS Revised, reprinted, or new pages are marked as follows: a. The change number and the effective date are printed on each revised or additional page. b. A page that does not require a change is reprinted in its original form. c. Bold vertical lines in the margin of changed pages indicate the location of substantive revisions to the order. Bold vertical lines adjacent to the title of a chapter, section, or paragraph means that extensive changes have been made to that chapter, section, or paragraph. d. Paragraphs/sections annotated with EN_ROUTE, OCEANIC, or TERMINAL are only to be applied by the designated type facility. When they are not so designated, the paragraphs/sections apply to all types of facilities (en route, oceanic, and terminal). e. The annotation, USAF for the U.S. Air Force, USN for the U.S. Navy, and USA for the U.S. Army denotes that the procedure immediately following the annotation applies only to the designated service. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-12, Military Procedures. f. WAKE TURBULENCE APPLICATION inserted within a paragraph means that the remaining information in the paragraph requires the application of wake turbulence procedures. g. The annotation PHRASEOLOGY denotes the prescribed words and/or phrases to be used in communications. NOTE- Controllers may, after first using the prescribed phraseology for a specific procedure, rephrase the message to ensure the content is understood. Good judgment shall be exercised when using nonstandard phraseology. h. The annotation EXAMPLE provides a sample of the way the prescribed phraseology associated with the preceding paragraph(s) will be used. If the preceding paragraph(s) does (do) not include specific prescribed phraseology, the EXAMPLE merely denotes suggested words and/or phrases that may be used in communications. NOTE- The use of the exact text contained in an example not preceded with specific prescribed phraseology is not mandatory. However, the words and/or phrases are expected, to the extent practical, to approximate those used in the example. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS As used in this manual, the following abbreviations have the meanings indicated. (See TBL 1-2-1.) TBL 1-2-1 FAA Order JO 7110.65 Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning AAR . . . . . . . Airport acceptance rate AC . . . . . . . . Advisory Circular ACC . . . . . . . Area Control Center ACD . . . . . . . ARTS Color Display ACE-IDS . . . ASOS Controller Equipment- Information Display System ACL . . . . . . . Aircraft list ACLS . . . . . . Automatic Carrier Landing System ADC . . . . . . . Aerospace Defense Command ADIZ . . . . . . Air Defense Identification Zone (to be pronounced “AY DIZ”) ADS . . . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS-B . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast ADS-C . . . . . Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract AFP . . . . . . . Airspace Flow Program AFSS . . . . . . Automated Flight Service Station AIDC . . . . . . ATS Interfacility Data Communications AIM . . . . . . . Aeronautical Information Manual AIRMET . . . Airmen's meteorological information ALERFA . . . Alert phase code (Alerting Service) ALNOT . . . . Alert notice ALS . . . . . . . Approach Light System ALTRV . . . . . Altitude reservation AMASS . . . . Airport Movement Area Safety System JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-4 Terms of Reference Abbreviation Meaning AMB . . . . . . Ambiguity-A disparity greater than 2 miles exists between the position declared for a target by ATTS and another facility's computer declared position during interfacility handoff AMVER . . . . Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System ANG . . . . . . . Air National Guard APR . . . . . . . ATC preferred route APREQ . . . . Approval Request ARINC . . . . . Aeronautical Radio Incorporated ARIP . . . . . . Air refueling initial point ARSR . . . . . . Air route surveillance radar ARTCC . . . . . Air Route Traffic Control Center ARTS . . . . . . Automated Radar Terminal System ASD . . . . . . . Aircraft Situation Display ASDE . . . . . . Airport surface detection equipment ASDE-X . . . Airport Surface Detection Equipment System - Model X ASF . . . . . . . Airport Stream Filters ASOS . . . . . . Automated Surface Observing System ASR . . . . . . . Airport surveillance radar ATC . . . . . . . Air traffic control ATCAA . . . . ATC assigned airspace ATCSCC . . . . David J. Hurley Air Traffic Control System Command Center ATD . . . . . . . Along-Track Distance ATIS . . . . . . . Automatic Terminal Information Service ATO . . . . . . . Air Traffic Organization ATO COO . . Air Traffic Organization Chief Operating Officer ATS . . . . . . . Air Traffic Service AWOS . . . . . Automated Weather Observing System BASE . . . . . . Cloud base CA . . . . . . . . Conflict Alert CARCAH . . . Chief, Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination, All Hurricanes CARF . . . . . . Central Altitude Reservation Function CARTS . . . . . Common ARTS CAT . . . . . . . Clear air turbulence CDT . . . . . . . Controlled departure time CENRAP . . . Center Radar ARTS Presentation CEP . . . . . . . Central East Pacific CERAP . . . . . Combined Center/RAPCON CFR . . . . . . . Code of Federal Regulations CIC . . . . . . . . Controller-in-Charge Abbreviation Meaning CNS . . . . . . . Continuous CPDLC . . . . . Controller Pilot Data Link Communications CPME . . . . . . Calibration Performance Monitor Equipment CTA . . . . . . . Control Area CTRD . . . . . . Certified Tower Radar Display CVFP . . . . . . Charted Visual Flight Procedure CWA . . . . . . . Center Weather Advisory DARC . . . . . Direct Access Radar Channel DETRESFA . Distress Phase code (Alerting Service) DF . . . . . . . . Direction finder DH . . . . . . . . Decision height DL . . . . . . . . Departure List DME . . . . . . . Distance measuring equipment compatible with TACAN DOE . . . . . . . Department of Energy DP . . . . . . . . Instrument Departure Procedure DR . . . . . . . . Dead reckoning DRT . . . . . . . Diversion recovery tool DSR . . . . . . . Display System Replacement DTAS . . . . . . Digital Terminal Automation Systems DTM . . . . . . . Digital Terrain Map DVFR . . . . . . Defense Visual Flight Rules DVRSN . . . . Diversion EA . . . . . . . . Electronic Attack EAS . . . . . . . En Route Automation System EDCT . . . . . . Expect Departure Clearance Time EFC . . . . . . . Expect further clearance ELP . . . . . . . Emergency Landing Pattern ELT . . . . . . . . Emergency locator transmitter EOS . . . . . . . End Service EOVM . . . . . Emergency obstruction video map ERIDS . . . . . En Route Information Display System ETA . . . . . . . Estimated time of arrival ETMS . . . . . . Enhanced Traffic Management System FAA . . . . . . . Federal Aviation Administration FAAO . . . . . . FAA Order FANS . . . . . . Future Air Navigation System FDIO . . . . . . Flight Data Input/Output FDP . . . . . . . Flight data processing FIR . . . . . . . . Flight Information Region FL . . . . . . . . . Flight level FLIP . . . . . . . Flight Information Publication 3/15/07 7110.65R CHG 2 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 7/31/JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-5 Terms of Reference Abbreviation Meaning FLM . . . . . . . Front-Line Manager FLY . . . . . . . Fly or flying FMS . . . . . . . Flight Management System FMSP . . . . . . Flight Management System Procedure FSM . . . . . . . Flight Schedule Monitor FSS . . . . . . . . Flight Service Station GCA . . . . . . . Ground controlled approach GNSS . . . . . . Global Navigation Satellite System GPD . . . . . . . Graphics Plan Display GPS . . . . . . . Global Positioning System GS . . . . . . . . Ground stop HAR . . . . . . . High Altitude Redesign HERT . . . . . . Host Embedded Route Text HF/RO . . . . . High Frequency/Radio Operator HIRL . . . . . . High intensity runway lights IAFDOF . . . . Inappropriate Altitude for Direction of Flight ICAO . . . . . . International Civil Aviation Organization IDENT . . . . . Aircraft identification IDS . . . . . . . . Information Display System IFR . . . . . . . . Instrument flight rules IFSS . . . . . . . International Flight Service Station ILS . . . . . . . . Instrument Landing System INCERFA . . . Uncertainty Phase code (Alerting Service) INREQ . . . . . Information request INS . . . . . . . . Inertial Navigation System IR . . . . . . . . . IFR military training route IRU . . . . . . . . Inertial Reference Unit ITWS . . . . . . Integrated Terminal Weather System JATO . . . . . . Jet assisted takeoff LAHSO . . . . Land and Hold Short Operations LOA . . . . . . . Letter of Agreement LLWAS . . . . . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System LLWAS NE . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System Network Expansion LLWAS-RS . Low Level Wind Shear Alert System Relocation/Sustainment LLWS . . . . . . Low Level Wind Shear L/MF . . . . . . Low/medium frequency LORAN . . . . Long Range Navigation System Mach . . . . . . Mach number MALS . . . . . Medium Intensity Approach Light System MALSR . . . . Medium Approach Light System with runway alignment indicator lights MAP . . . . . . . Missed approach point Abbreviation Meaning MARSA . . . . Military authority assumes responsibility for separation of aircraft MCA . . . . . . Minimum crossing altitude MCI . . . . . . . Mode C Intruder MDA . . . . . . Minimum descent altitude MDM . . . . . . Main display monitor MEA . . . . . . . Minimum en route (IFR) altitude MEARTS . . . Micro En Route Automated Radar Tracking System METAR . . . . Aviation Routine Weather Report MIA . . . . . . . Minimum IFR altitude MIAWS . . . . Medium Intensity Airport Weather System MIRL . . . . . . Medium intensity runway lights MLS . . . . . . . Microwave Landing System MNPS . . . . . . Minimum Navigation Performance Specification MNT . . . . . . . Mach Number Technique MOA . . . . . . Military operations area MOCA . . . . . Minimum obstruction clearance altitude MRA . . . . . . Minimum reception altitude MSAW . . . . . Minimum Safe Altitude Warning MSL . . . . . . . Mean sea level MTI . . . . . . . Moving target indicator MTR . . . . . . . Military training route MVA . . . . . . . Minimum vectoring altitude NADIN . . . . . National Airspace Data Interchange Network NAR . . . . . . . National Automation Request NAS . . . . . . . National Airspace System NAT . . . . . . . ICAO North Atlantic Region NBCAP . . . . National Beacon Code Allocation Plan NDB . . . . . . . Nondirectional radio beacon NHOP . . . . . . National Hurricane Operations Plan NIDS . . . . . . National Institute for Discovery Sciences NM . . . . . . . . Nautical mile NOAA . . . . . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOPAC . . . . North Pacific NORAD . . . . North American Aerospace Defense Command NOS . . . . . . . National Ocean Service NOTAM . . . . Notice to Airmen NRP . . . . . . . North American Route Program NRR . . . . . . . Nonrestrictive Route NRS . . . . . . . Navigation Reference System 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-6 Terms of Reference Abbreviation Meaning NTZ . . . . . . . No transgression zone NWS . . . . . . . National Weather Service NWSOP . . . . National Winter Storm Operations Plan ODALS . . . . Omnidirectional Approach Lighting System ODP . . . . . . . Obstacle Departure Procedure OID . . . . . . . Operator Interface Device ONER . . . . . . Oceanic Navigational Error Report OS . . . . . . . . Operations Supervisor OTR . . . . . . . Oceanic transition route PAPI . . . . . . . Precision Approach Path Indicators PAR . . . . . . . Precision approach radar PAR . . . . . . . Preferred arrival route PBCT . . . . . . Proposed boundary crossing time P/CG . . . . . . . Pilot/Controller Glossary PDAR . . . . . . Preferential departure arrival route PDC . . . . . . . Pre-Departure Clearance PDR . . . . . . . Preferential departure route PIDP . . . . . . . Programmable indicator data processor PPI . . . . . . . . Plan position indicator PTP . . . . . . . . Point-to-point PVD . . . . . . . Plan view display RA . . . . . . . . Radar Associate RAIL . . . . . . Runway alignment indicator lights RAPCON . . . Radar Approach Control Facility (USAF) RATCF . . . . . Radar Air Traffic Control Facility (USN) RBS . . . . . . . Radar bomb scoring RCC . . . . . . . Rescue Coordination Center RCLS . . . . . . Runway Centerline System RCR . . . . . . . Runway condition reading RDP . . . . . . . Radar data processing RE . . . . . . . . Recent (used to qualify weather phenomena such as rain, e.g. recent rain = RERA) REIL . . . . . . . Runway end identifier lights RNAV . . . . . . Area navigation RNP . . . . . . . Required Navigation Performance RTQC . . . . . . Real-Time Quality Control RVR . . . . . . . Runway visual range RVSM . . . . . . Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum RVV . . . . . . . Runway visibility value SAA . . . . . . . Special Activity Airspace SAR . . . . . . . Search and rescue Abbreviation Meaning SATCOM . . . Satellite Communication SELCAL . . . . Selective Calling System SFA . . . . . . . . Single frequency approach SFO . . . . . . . Simulated flameout SID . . . . . . . . Standard Instrument Departure SIGMET . . . . Significant meteorological information SPA . . . . . . . . Special Posting Area SPECI . . . . . . Nonroutine (Special) Aviation Weather Report STAR . . . . . . Standard terminal arrival STARS . . . . . Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System STMC . . . . . . Supervisory Traffic Management Coordinator STMCIC . . . . Supervisory Traffic Management Coordinator-in-charge STOL . . . . . . Short takeoff and landing SURPIC . . . . Surface Picture SVFR . . . . . . Special Visual Flight Rules TAA . . . . . . . Terminal arrival area TAS . . . . . . . Terminal Automation Systems TACAN . . . . TACAN UHF navigational aid (omnidirectional course and distance information) TAWS . . . . . . Terrain Awareness Warning System TCAS . . . . . . Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System TCDD . . . . . . Tower cab digital display TDLS . . . . . . Terminal Data Link System TDW . . . . . . Tower display workstation TDWR . . . . . Terminal Doppler Weather Radar TDZL . . . . . . Touchdown Zone Light System TMC . . . . . . . Traffic Management Coordinator TMU . . . . . . . Traffic Management Unit TRACON . . . Terminal Radar Approach Control TRSA . . . . . . Terminal radar service area UFO . . . . . . . Unidentified flying object UHF . . . . . . . Ultra high frequency URET . . . . . . User request evaluation tool USA . . . . . . . United States Army USAF . . . . . . United States Air Force USN . . . . . . . United States Navy UTC . . . . . . . Coordinated universal time UTM . . . . . . . Unsuccessful transmission message UUA . . . . . . . Urgent pilot weather report 3/15/07 7110.65R CHG 2 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 7/31/JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-7 Terms of Reference Abbreviation Meaning VFR . . . . . . . Visual flight rules VHF . . . . . . . Very high frequency VMC . . . . . . Visual meteorological conditions VNAV . . . . . . Vertical Navigation VOR . . . . . . . VHF navigational aid (omnidirectional course information) VOR/DME . . Collocated VOR and DME navigational aids (VHF course and UHF distance information) VORTAC . . . Collocated VOR and TACAN navigation aids (VHF and UHF course and UHF distance information) VR . . . . . . . . VFR military training route VSCS . . . . . . Voice Switching and Control System WAAS . . . . . Wide Area Augmentation System WARP . . . . . Weather and Radar Processing WATRS . . . . . West Atlantic Route System WSO . . . . . . Weather Service Office WSP . . . . . . . Weather System Processor WST . . . . . . . Convective SIGMET 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 1-2-8 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-1 General Chapter 2. General Control Section 1. General 2-1-1. ATC SERVICE The primary purpose of the ATC system is to prevent a collision between aircraft operating in the system and to organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and to provide support for National Security and Homeland Defense. In addition to its primary function, the ATC system has the capability to provide (with certain limitations) additional services. The ability to provide additional services is limited by many factors, such as the volume of traffic, frequency congestion, quality of radar, controller workload, higher priority duties, and the pure physical inability to scan and detect those situations that fall in this category. It is recognized that these services cannot be provided in cases in which the provision of services is precluded by the above factors. Consistent with the aforementioned conditions, controllers shall provide additional service procedures to the extent permitted by higher priority duties and other circumstances. The provision of additional services is not optional on the part of the controller, but rather is required when the work situation permits. Provide air traffic control service in accordance with the procedures and minima in this order except when: a. A deviation is necessary to conform with ICAO Documents, National Rules of the Air, or special agreements where the U.S. provides air traffic control service in airspace outside the U.S. and its possessions or: NOTE- Pilots are required to abide by CFRs or other applicable regulations regardless of the application of any procedure or minima in this order. b. Other procedures/minima are prescribed in a letter of agreement, FAA directive, or a military document, or: NOTE- These procedures may include altitude reservations, air_refueling, fighter interceptor operations, law enforcement, etc. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 1-1-9, Procedural Letters of Agreement. c. A deviation is necessary to assist an aircraft when an emergency has been declared. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-6, Safety Alert. FAAO JO 7110.65, Chapter 10, Emergencies. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-1-8, Merging Target Procedures. 2-1-2. DUTY PRIORITY a. Give first priority to separating aircraft and issuing safety alerts as required in this order. Good judgment shall be used in prioritizing all other provisions of this order based on the requirements of the situation at hand. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-6, Safety Alert. NOTE- Because there are many variables involved, it is virtually impossible to develop a standard list of duty priorities that would apply uniformly to every conceivable situation. Each set of circumstances must be evaluated on its own merit, and when more than one action is required, controllers shall exercise their best judgment based on the facts and circumstances known to them. That action which is most critical from a safety standpoint is performed first. b. Provide support to national security and homeland defense activities to include, but not be limited to, reporting of suspicious and/or unusual aircraft/pilot activities. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7610.4, Special Operations. c. Provide additional services to the extent possible, contingent only upon higher priority duties and other factors including limitations of radar, volume of traffic, frequency congestion, and workload. 2-1-3. PROCEDURAL PREFERENCE a. Use automation procedures in preference to nonautomation procedures when workload, communications, and equipment capabilities permit. b. Use radar separation in preference to nonradar separation when it will be to an operational advantage and workload, communications, and equipment permit. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-2 General c. Use nonradar separation in preference to radar separation when the situation dictates that an operational advantage will be gained. NOTE- One situation may be where vertical separation would preclude excessive vectoring. 2-1-4. OPERATIONAL PRIORITY Provide air traffic control service to aircraft on a “first come, first served" basis as circumstances permit, except the following: NOTE- It is solely the pilot's prerogative to cancel an IFR flight plan. However, a pilot's retention of an IFR flight plan does not afford priority over VFR aircraft. For example, this does not preclude the requirement for the pilot of an arriving IFR aircraft to adjust his/her flight path, as necessary, to enter a traffic pattern in sequence with arriving VFR aircraft. a. An aircraft in distress has the right of way over all other air traffic. REFERENCE14 CFR Section 91.113(c). b. Provide priority to civilian air ambulance flights “LIFEGUARD." Air carrier/taxi usage of the “LIFEGUARD" call sign, indicates that operational priority is requested. When verbally requested, provide priority to military air evacuation flights (AIR EVAC, MED EVAC) and scheduled air carrier/air taxi flights. Assist the pilots of air ambulance/evacuation aircraft to avoid areas of significant weather and turbulent conditions. When requested by a pilot, provide notifications to expedite ground handling of patients, vital organs, or urgently needed medical materials. NOTE- It is recognized that heavy traffic flow may affect the controller's ability to provide priority handling. However, without compromising safety, good judgment shall be used in each situation to facilitate the most expeditious movement of a lifeguard aircraft. c. Provide maximum assistance to SAR aircraft performing a SAR mission. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 10-1-3, Providing Assistance. d. Expedite the movement of presidential aircraft and entourage and any rescue support aircraft as well as related control messages when traffic conditions and communications facilities permit. NOTE- As used herein the terms presidential aircraft and entourage include aircraft and entourage of the President, Vice President, or other public figures when designated by the White House. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-4-20, Aircraft Identification. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-3-2, Departure Clearances. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 5-1-1, Advance Coordination. e. Provide special handling, as required to expedite Flight Check aircraft.

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NOTE- It is recognized that unexpected wind conditions, weather, or heavy traffic flows may affect controller's ability to provide priority or special handling at the specific time requested. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-1-3, Flight Check Aircraft. f. Expedite movement of NIGHT WATCH aircraft when NAOC (pronounced NA-YOCK) is indicated in the remarks section of the flight plan or in air/ground communications. NOTE- The term “NAOC" will not be a part of the call sign but may be used when the aircraft is airborne to indicate a request for special handling. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7610.4, Para 12-1-1, Applications. g. Provide expeditious handling for any civil or military aircraft using the code name “FLYNET." REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-6, FLYNET. FAAO JO 7610.4, Para_12-4-1, “FLYNET" Flights, Nuclear Emergency Teams. h. Provide expeditious handling of aircraft using the code name “Garden Plot" only when CARF notifies you that such priority is authorized. Refer any questions regarding flight procedures to CARF for resolution. NOTE- Garden Plot flights require priority movement and are coordinated by the military with CARF. State authority will contact the Regional Administrator to arrange for priority of National Guard troop movements within a particular state. i. Provide special handling for USAF aircraft engaged in aerial sampling missions using the code name “SAMP." REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-16, SAMP. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para_5-3-4, Atmosphere Sampling For Nuclear Contamination. FAAO JO 7610.4, Para_12-4-3, Atmospheric Sampling For Nuclear Contamination. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-3 General j. Provide maximum assistance to expedite the movement of interceptor aircraft on active air defense missions until the unknown aircraft is identified. k. Expedite movement of Special Air Mission aircraft when SCOOT is indicated in the remarks section of the flight plan or in air/ground communications. NOTE- The term “SCOOT" will not be part of the call sign but may be used when the aircraft is airborne to indicate a request for special handling. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-11, Law Enforcement Operations by Civil and Military Organizations. FAAO JO 7610.4, Para 12-7-1, Applications. l. When requested, provide priority handling to TEAL and NOAA mission aircraft. NOTE- Priority handling may be requested by the pilot, or via telephone from CARCAH or the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (53WRS) operations center personnel, or in the remarks section of the flight plan. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-18, Weather Reconnaissance Flights. m. IFR aircraft shall have priority over SVFR aircraft. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Chapter 7, Section 5, Special VFR (SVFR). n. Providing priority and special handling to expedite the movement of OPEN SKIES observation and demonstration flights. NOTE- An OPEN SKIES aircraft has priority over all “regular" air traffic. “Regular" is defined as all aircraft traffic other than: 1. Emergencies. 2. Aircraft directly involved in presidential movement. 3. Forces or activities in actual combat. 4. Lifeguard, MED EVAC, AIR EVAC and active SAR missions. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-21, OPEN SKIES Treaty Aircraft. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 5-3-7, OPEN SKIES Treaty Aircraft. Treaty on OPEN SKIES, Treaty Document, 102-37. o. Aircraft operating under the North American Route Program (NRP) and in airspace identified in the High Altitude Redesign (HAR) program, are not subject to route limiting restrictions (e.g., published preferred IFR routes, letter of agreement requirements, standard operating procedures). REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-3-2, En Route Data Entries. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_2-2-15, North American Route Program (NRP) Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-2-5, Route or Altitude Amendments. FAAO JO 7210.3, Chapter 17, Section 15, North American Route Program. p. If able, provide priority handling to diverted flights. Priority handling may be requested via use of “DVRSN" in the remarks section of the flight plan or by the flight being placed on the Diversion Recovery Tool (DRT). REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 17-4-5, Diversion Recovery. 2-1-5. EXPEDITIOUS COMPLIANCE a. Use the word “immediately" only when expeditious compliance is required to avoid an imminent situation. b. Use the word “expedite" only when prompt compliance is required to avoid the development of an imminent situation. If an “expedite" climb or descent clearance is issued by ATC, and subsequently the altitude to maintain is changed or restated without an expedite instruction, the expedite instruction is canceled. c. In either case, if time permits, include the reason for this action. 2-1-6. SAFETY ALERT Issue a safety alert to an aircraft if you are aware the aircraft is in a position/altitude which, in your judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft. Once the pilot informs you action is being taken to resolve the situation, you may discontinue the issuance of further alerts. Do not assume that because someone else has responsibility for the aircraft that the unsafe situation has been observed and the safety alert issued; inform the appropriate controller. NOTE1. The issuance of a safety alert is a first priority (see para_2-1-2, Duty Priority) once the controller observes and recognizes a situation of unsafe aircraft proximity to terrain, obstacles, or other aircraft. Conditions, such as workload, traffic volume, the quality/limitations of the radar system, and the available lead time to react are factors in determining whether it is reasonable for the controller to observe and recognize such situations. While a controller cannot see immediately the development of every situation where a safety alert must be issued, the 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-4 General controller must remain vigilant for such situations and issue a safety alert when the situation is recognized. 2. Recognition of situations of unsafe proximity may result from MSAW/E-MSAW/LAAS, automatic altitude readouts, Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert, observations on a PAR scope, or pilot reports. 3. Once the alert is issued, it is solely the pilot's prerogative to determine what course of action, if any, will be taken. a. Terrain/Obstruction Alert. Immediately issue/ initiate an alert to an aircraft if you are aware the aircraft is at an altitude which, in your judgment, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain/obstructions. Issue the alert as follows: PHRASEOLOGY- LOW ALTITUDE ALERT (call sign), CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY. THE (as appropriate) MEA/MVA/MOCA/MIA IN YOUR AREA IS (altitude), or if an aircraft is past the final approach fix (nonprecision approach), or the outer marker, or the fix used in lieu of the outer marker (precision approach), and, if known, issue THE (as appropriate) MDA/DH IS (altitude). b. Aircraft Conflict/Mode C Intruder Alert. Immediately issue/initiate an alert to an aircraft if you are aware of another aircraft at an altitude which you believe places them in unsafe proximity. If feasible, offer the pilot an alternate course of action. c. When an alternate course of action is given, end the transmission with the word “immediately." PHRASEOLOGY- TRAFFIC ALERT (call sign) (position of aircraft) ADVISE YOU TURN LEFT/RIGHT (heading), and/or CLIMB/DESCEND (specific altitude if appropriate) IMMEDIATELY. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-14-1, Conflict Alert (CA) and Mode C Intruder (MCI) Alert. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-14-2, En Route Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (E-MSAW). FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-15-6, CA/MCI. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-2-23, Altitude Filters. 2-1-7. INFLIGHT EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS a. When a pilot reports an inflight equipment malfunction, determine the nature and extent of any special handling desired. NOTE- Inflight equipment malfunctions include partial or complete failure of equipment, which may affect either safety, separation standards, and/or the ability of the flight to proceed under IFR, or in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace, in the ATC system. Controllers may expect reports from pilots regarding VOR, TACAN, ADF, GPS, RVSM capability, or low frequency navigation receivers, impairment of air-ground communications capability, or other equipment deemed appropriate by the pilot (e.g., airborne weather radar). Pilots should communicate the nature and extent of any assistance desired from ATC. b. Provide the maximum assistance possible consistent with equipment, workload, and any special handling requested. c. Relay to other controllers or facilities who will subsequently handle the aircraft, all pertinent details concerning the aircraft and any special handling required or being provided. 2-1-8. MINIMUM FUEL If an aircraft declares a state of “minimum fuel," inform any facility to whom control jurisdiction is transferred of the minimum fuel problem and be alert for any occurrence which might delay the aircraft en_route. NOTE- Use of the term “minimum fuel" indicates recognition by a pilot that his/her fuel supply has reached a state where, upon reaching destination, he/she cannot accept any undue delay. This is not an emergency situation but merely an advisory that indicates an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur. A minimum fuel advisory does not imply a need for traffic priority. Common sense and good judgment will determine the extent of assistance to be given in minimum fuel situations. If, at any time, the remaining usable fuel supply suggests the need for traffic priority to ensure a safe landing, the pilot should declare an emergency and report fuel remaining in minutes. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-5 General 2-1-9. REPORTING ESSENTIAL FLIGHT INFORMATION Report as soon as possible to the appropriate AFSS/FSS, airport manager's office, ARTCC, approach control facility, operations office, or military operations office any information concerning components of the NAS or any flight conditions which may have an adverse effect on air safety. NOTE- AFSSs/FSSs are responsible for classifying and disseminating Notices to Airmen. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-3-3, Timely Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-1-6, Service Limitations. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 3-1-2, Periodic Maintenance. USN, See OPNAVINST 3721.30. 2-1-10. NAVAID MALFUNCTIONS a. When an aircraft reports a ground-based NAVAID malfunction, take the following actions: 1. Request a report from a second aircraft. 2. If the second aircraft reports normal operations, continue use and inform the first aircraft. Record the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or appropriate military form. 3. If the second aircraft confirms the malfunction or in the absence of a second aircraft report, activate the standby equipment or request the monitor facility to activate. 4. If normal operation is reported after the standby equipment is activated, continue use, record the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or appropriate military form, and notify technical operations personnel (the Systems Engineer of the ARTCC when an en route aid is involved). 5. If continued malfunction is reported after the standby equipment is activated or the standby equipment cannot be activated, inform technical operations personnel and request advice on whether or not the aid should be shut down. In the absence of a second aircraft report, advise the technical operations personnel of the time of the initial aircraft report and the estimated time a second aircraft report could be obtained. b. When an aircraft reports a GPS anomaly, request the following information and/or take the following actions: 1. Record the following minimum information: (a) Aircraft call sign and type. (b) Location. (c) Altitude. (d) Date/time of occurrence. 2. Record the incident on FAA Form 7230-4 or appropriate military form. 3. Broadcast the anomaly report to other aircraft as necessary. PHRASEOLOGY- ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT, GPS REPORTED UNRELIABLE IN VICINITY/AREA (position). EXAMPLE“Attention all aircraft, GPS reported unreliable in the area 30 miles south of Waco VOR." c. When an aircraft reports a Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) anomaly, request the following information and/or take the following actions: 1. Determine if the pilot has lost all WAAS service. PHRASEOLOGY- ARE YOU RECEIVING ANY WAAS SERVICE? 2. If the pilot reports receipt of any WAAS service, acknowledge the report and continue normal operations. 3. If the pilot reports loss of all WAAS service, report as a GPS anomaly using procedures in subpara_2-1-10b. 2-1-11. USE OF MARSA a. MARSA may only be applied to military operations specified in a letter of agreement or other appropriate FAA or military document. NOTE- Application of MARSA is a military command prerogative. It will not be invoked indiscriminately by individual units or pilots. It will be used only for IFR operations requiring its use. Commands authorizing MARSA will ensure that its implementation and terms of use are documented and coordinated with the control agency having jurisdiction over the area in which the operations are conducted. Terms of use will assign responsibility and provide for separation among participating aircraft. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-6 General b. ATC facilities do not invoke or deny MARSA. Their sole responsibility concerning the use of MARSA is to provide separation between military aircraft engaged in MARSA operations and other nonparticipating IFR aircraft. c. DOD shall ensure that military pilots requesting special-use airspace/ATCAAs have coordinated with the scheduling agency, have obtained approval for entry, and are familiar with the appropriate MARSA procedures. ATC is not responsible for determining which military aircraft are authorized to enter special-use airspace/ATCAAs. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-12, Military Aerial Refueling. 2-1-12. MILITARY PROCEDURES Military procedures in the form of additions, modifications, and exceptions to the basic FAA procedure are prescribed herein when a common procedure has not been attained or to fulfill a specific requirement. They shall be applied by: a. ATC facilities operated by that military service. EXAMPLE1. An Air Force facility providing service for an Air Force base would apply USAF procedures to all traffic regardless of class. 2. A Navy facility providing service for a Naval Air Station would apply USN procedures to all traffic regardless of class. b. ATC facilities, regardless of their parent organization (FAA, USAF, USN, USA), supporting a designated military airport exclusively. This designation determines which military procedures are to be applied. EXAMPLE1. An FAA facility supports a USAF base exclusively; USAF procedures are applied to all traffic at that base. 2. An FAA facility provides approach control service for a Naval Air Station as well as supporting a civil airport; basic FAA procedures are applied at both locations by the FAA facility. 3. A USAF facility supports a USAF base and provides approach control service to a satellite civilian airport; USAF procedures are applied at both locations by the USAF facility. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 1-2-5, Annotations. c. Other ATC facilities when specified in a letter of agreement. EXAMPLE- A USAF unit is using a civil airport supported by an FAA facility- USAF procedures will be applied as specified in a letter of agreement between the unit and the FAA facility to the aircraft of the USAF unit. Basic FAA procedures will be applied to all other aircraft. 2-1-13. FORMATION FLIGHTS a. Control formation flights as a single aircraft. When individual control is requested, issue advisory information which will assist the pilots in attaining separation. When pilot reports indicate separation has been established, issue control instructions as required. NOTE1. Separation responsibility between aircraft within the formation during transition to individual control rests with the pilots concerned until standard separation has been attained. 2. Formation join-up and breakaway will be conducted in VFR weather conditions unless prior authorization has been obtained from ATC or individual control has been approved. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_5-5-8, Additional Separation for Formation Flights. P/CG Term- Formation Flight. b. Military and civil formation flights in RVSM airspace. 1. Utilize RVSM separation standards for a formation flight, which consists of all RVSM approved aircraft. 2. Utilize non-RVSM separation standards for a formation flight above FL 290, which does not consist of all RVSM approved aircraft. 3. If aircraft are requesting to form a formation flight to FL 290 or above, the controller who issues the clearance creating the formation flight is responsible for ensuring that the proper equipment suffix is entered for the lead aircraft. 4. If the flight departs as a formation, and is requesting FL 290 or above, the first center sector shall ensure that the proper equipment suffix is entered. 5. If the formation flight is below FL 290 and later requests FL 290 or above, the controller receiving the RVSM altitude request shall ensure the proper equipment suffix is entered. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-7 General 6. Upon break-up of the formation flight, the controller initiating the break-up shall ensure that all aircraft or flights are assigned their proper equipment suffix. 2-1-14. COORDINATE USE OF AIRSPACE a. Ensure that the necessary coordination has been accomplished before you allow an aircraft under your control to enter another controller's area of jurisdiction. b. Before you issue control instructions directly or relay through another source to an aircraft which is within another controller's area of jurisdiction that will change that aircraft's heading, route, speed, or altitude, ensure that coordination has been accomplished with each of the controllers listed below whose area of jurisdiction is affected by those instructions unless otherwise specified by a letter of agreement or a facility directive: 1. The controller within whose area of jurisdiction the control instructions will be issued. 2. The controller receiving the transfer of control. 3. Any intervening controller(s) through whose area of jurisdiction the aircraft will pass. c. If you issue control instructions to an aircraft through a source other than another controller (e.g.,_ARINC, AFSS/FSS, another pilot) ensure that the necessary coordination has been accomplished with any controllers listed in subparas b1, 2, and 3, whose area of jurisdiction is affected by those instructions unless otherwise specified by a letter of agreement or a facility directive. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-15, Control Transfer. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-5-10, Adjacent Airspace. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-5, Transferring Controller Handoff. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-6, Receiving Controller Handoff. 2-1-15. CONTROL TRANSFER a. Transfer control of an aircraft in accordance with the following conditions: 1. At a prescribed or coordinated location, time, fix, or altitude; or, 2. At the time a radar handoff and frequency change to the receiving controller have been completed and when authorized by a facility directive or letter of agreement which specifies the type and extent of control that is transferred. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-14, Coordinate Use of Airspace. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-5, Transferring Controller Handoff. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-4-6, Receiving Controller Handoff. b. Transfer control of an aircraft only after eliminating any potential conflict with other aircraft for which you have separation responsibility. c. Assume control of an aircraft only after it is in your area of jurisdiction unless specifically coordinated or as specified by letter of agreement or a facility directive. 2-1-16. SURFACE AREAS a. Coordinate with the appropriate nonapproach control tower on an individual aircraft basis before issuing a clearance which would require flight within a surface area for which the tower has responsibility unless otherwise specified in a letter of agreement. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 4-3-1, Letters of Agreement. 14 CFR Section 91.127, Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport in Class_E Airspace. P/CG Term- Surface Area. b. Coordinate with the appropriate control tower for transit authorization when you are providing radar traffic advisory service to an aircraft that will enter another facility's airspace. NOTE- The pilot is not expected to obtain his/her own authorization through each area when in contact with a radar facility. c. Transfer communications to the appropriate facility, if required, prior to operation within a surface area for which the tower has responsibility. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-17, Radio Communications Transfer. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-11, Surface Area Restrictions. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-6-1, Application. 14 CFR Section 91.129, Operations in Class D Airspace. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-8 General 2-1-17. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TRANSFER a. Transfer radio communications before an aircraft enters the receiving controller's area of jurisdiction unless otherwise coordinated or specified by a letter of agreement or a facility directive. b. Transfer radio communications by specifying the following: NOTE- Radio communications transfer procedures may be specified by a letter of agreement or contained in the route description of an MTR as published in the DOD Planning AP/1B (AP/3). 1. The facility name or location name and terminal function to be contacted. TERMINAL: Omit the location name when transferring communications to another controller within your facility; except when instructing the aircraft to change frequency for final approach guidance include the name of the facility. 2. Frequency to use except the following may be omitted: (a) FSS frequency. (b) Departure frequency if previously given or published on a SID chart for the procedure issued. (c) TERMINAL: (1) Ground or local control frequency if in your opinion the pilot knows which frequency is in use. (2) The numbers preceding the decimal point if the ground control frequency is in the 121_MHz bandwidth. EXAMPLE“Contact Tower." “Contact Ground." “Contact Ground Point Seven." “Contact Ground, One Two Zero Point Eight." “Contact Huntington Radio." “Contact Departure." “Contact Los Angeles Center, One Two Three Point Four." 3. Time, fix, altitude, or specifically when to contact a facility. You may omit this when compliance is expected upon receipt. NOTE- AIM, para 5-3-1, ARTCC Communications, informs pilots that they are expected to maintain a listening watch on the transferring controller's frequency until the time, fix, or altitude specified. PHRASEOLOGY- CONTACT (facility name or location name and terminal function), (frequency). If required, AT (time, fix, or altitude). c. In situations where an operational advantage will be gained, and following coordination with the receiving controller, you may instruct aircraft on the ground to monitor the receiving controller's frequency. EXAMPLE“Monitor Tower." “Monitor Ground." “Monitor Ground Point Seven." “Monitor Ground, One Two Zero Point Eight." d. In situations where a sector has multiple frequencies or when sectors are combined using multiple frequencies and the aircraft will remain under your jurisdiction, transfer radio communication by specifying the following: PHRASEOLOGY(Identification) CHANGE TO MY FREQUENCY (state frequency). EXAMPLE“United two twenty-two change to my frequency one two three point four." REFERENCE- AIM, Para 4-2-3, Contact Procedures. e. Avoid issuing a frequency change to helicopters known to be single-piloted during air-taxiing, hovering, or low-level flight. Whenever possible, relay necessary control instructions until the pilot is able to change frequency. NOTE- Most light helicopters are flown by one pilot and require the constant use of both hands and feet to maintain control. Although Flight Control Friction Devices assist the pilot, changing frequency near the ground could result in inadvertent ground contact and consequent loss of control. Pilots are expected to advise ATC of their single-pilot status if unable to comply with a frequency change. REFERENCE- AIM, Para 4-3-14, Communications. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-9 General f. In situations where the controller does not want the pilot to change frequency but the pilot is expecting or may want a frequency change, use the following phraseology. PHRASEOLOGY- REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-7-1, Clearance Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-9, Communication Transfer. 2-1-18. OPERATIONAL REQUESTS Respond to a request from another controller, a pilot or vehicle operator by one of the following verbal means: a. Restate the request in complete or abbreviated terms followed by the word “APPROVED." The phraseology “APPROVED AS REQUESTED" may be substituted in lieu of a lengthy readback. PHRASEOLOGY(Requested operation) APPROVED. or APPROVED AS REQUESTED. b. State restrictions followed by the word “APPROVED." PHRASEOLOGY(Restriction and/or additional instructions, requested operation) APPROVED. c. State the word “UNABLE" and, time permitting, a reason. PHRASEOLOGY- UNABLE (requested operation). and when necessary, (reason and/or additional instructions.) d. State the words “STAND BY." NOTE“STAND BY" is not an approval or denial. The controller acknowledges the request and will respond at a later time. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-21, Traffic Advisories. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-2-5, Route or Altitude Amendments. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-9-3, Methods. 2-1-19. WAKE TURBULENCE a. Apply wake turbulence procedures to aircraft operating behind heavy jets/B757s and, where indicated, to small aircraft behind large aircraft. NOTE- Para 5-5-4, Minima, specifies increased radar separation for small type aircraft landing behind large, heavy, or B757_aircraft because of the possible effects of wake turbulence. b. The separation minima shall continue to touchdown for all IFR aircraft not making a visual approach or maintaining visual separation. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-5, Approach Separation Responsibility. 2-1-20. WAKE TURBULENCE CAUTIONARY ADVISORIES a. Issue wake turbulence cautionary advisories and the position, altitude if known, and direction of flight of the heavy jet or B757 to: REFERENCE- AC 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence, Pilot Responsibility, Para 12. 1. TERMINAL. VFR aircraft not being radar vectored but are behind heavy jets or B757s. 2. IFR aircraft that accept a visual approach or visual separation. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-4-1, Visual Approach. 3. TERMINAL. VFR arriving aircraft that have previously been radar vectored and the vectoring has been discontinued. b. Issue cautionary information to any aircraft if in your opinion, wake turbulence may have an adverse effect on it. When traffic is known to be a heavy aircraft, include the word heavy in the description. NOTE- Wake turbulence may be encountered by aircraft in flight as well as when operating on the airport movement area. Because wake turbulence is unpredictable, the controller is not responsible for anticipating its existence or effect. Although not mandatory during ground operations, controllers may use the words jet blast, propwash, or rotorwash, in lieu of wake turbulence, when issuing a caution advisory. REFERENCE- AC 90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence. P/CG Term- Aircraft Classes. P/CG Term- Wake Turbulence. PHRASEOLOGY- CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE (traffic information). REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-2-1, Visual Separation. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-10 General 2-1-21. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES Unless an aircraft is operating within Class A airspace or omission is requested by the pilot, issue traffic advisories to all aircraft (IFR or VFR) on your frequency when, in your judgment, their proximity may diminish to less than the applicable separation minima. Where no separation minima applies, such as for VFR aircraft outside of Class B/Class C airspace, or a TRSA, issue traffic advisories to those aircraft on your frequency when in your judgment their proximity warrants it. Provide this service as follows: a. To radar identified aircraft: 1. Azimuth from aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock, or 2. When rapidly maneuvering aircraft prevent accurate issuance of traffic as in 1 above, specify the direction from an aircraft's position in terms of the eight cardinal compass points (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW). This method shall be terminated at the pilot's request. 3. Distance from aircraft in miles. 4. Direction in which traffic is proceeding and/or relative movement of traffic. NOTE- Relative movement includes closing, converging, parallel same direction, opposite direction, diverging, overtaking, crossing left to right, crossing right to left. 5. If known, type of aircraft and altitude. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-4-21, Description of Aircraft Types. PHRASEOLOGY- TRAFFIC, (number) O'CLOCK, or when appropriate, (direction) (number) MILES, (direction)-BOUND and/or (relative movement), and if known, (type of aircraft and altitude). or When appropriate, (type of aircraft and relative position), (number of feet) FEET ABOVE/BELOW YOU. If altitude is unknown, ALTITUDE UNKNOWN. EXAMPLE“Traffic, eleven o'clock, one zero miles, southbound, converging, Boeing Seven Twenty Seven, one seven thousand." “Traffic, twelve o'clock, one five miles, opposite direction, altitude unknown." “Traffic, ten o'clock, one two miles, southeast bound, one_thousand feet below you." 6. When requested by the pilot, issue radar vectors to assist in avoiding the traffic, provided the aircraft to be vectored is within your area of jurisdiction or coordination has been effected with the sector/facility in whose area the aircraft is operating. 7. If unable to provide vector service, inform the pilot. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-18, Operational Requests. 8. Inform the pilot of the following when traffic you have issued is not reported in sight: (a) The traffic is no factor. (b) The traffic is no longer depicted on radar. PHRASEOLOGY- TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO LONGER OBSERVED, or (number) O'CLOCK TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO LONGER OBSERVED, or (direction) TRAFFIC NO FACTOR/NO LONGER OBSERVED. b. To aircraft that are not radar identified: 1. Distance and direction from fix. 2. Direction in which traffic is proceeding. 3. If known, type of aircraft and altitude. 4. ETA over the fix the aircraft is approaching, if appropriate. PHRASEOLOGY- TRAFFIC, (number) MILES/MINUTES (direction) OF (airport or fix), (direction)-BOUND, and if known, JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-1-11 General (type of aircraft and altitude), ESTIMATED (fix) (time), or TRAFFIC, NUMEROUS AIRCRAFT VICINITY (location). If altitude is unknown, ALTITUDE UNKNOWN. EXAMPLE“Traffic, one zero miles east of Forsythe V-O-R, Southbound, M-D Eighty, descending to one six thousand." “Traffic, reported one zero miles west of Downey V-O-R, northbound, Apache, altitude unknown, estimated Joliet V-O-R one three one five.“ “Traffic, eight minutes west of Chicago Heights V-O-R, westbound, Mooney, eight thousand, estimated Joliet V-O-R two zero three five." “Traffic, numerous aircraft, vicinity of Delia airport." c. For aircraft displaying Mode C, not radar identified, issue indicated altitude. EXAMPLE“Traffic, one o'clock, six miles, eastbound, altitude indicates six thousand five hundred." REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-6, Traffic Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-2-1, Visual Separation. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 7-6-10, VFR Departure Information. 2-1-22. BIRD ACTIVITY INFORMATION a. Issue advisory information on pilot-reported, tower-observed, or radar-observed and pilot-verified bird activity. Include position, species or size of birds, if known, course of flight, and altitude. Do this for at least 15 minutes after receipt of such information from pilots or from adjacent facilities unless visual observation or subsequent reports reveal the activity is no longer a factor. EXAMPLE“Flock of geese, one o'clock, seven miles, northbound, last reported at four thousand." “Flock of small birds, southbound along Mohawk River, last reported at three thousand." “Numerous flocks of ducks, vicinity Lake Winnebago, altitude unknown." b. Relay bird activity information to adjacent facilities and to AFSSs/FSSs whenever it appears it will become a factor in their areas.

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2-1-23. TRANSFER OF POSITION RESPONSIBILITY The transfer of position responsibility shall be accomplished in accordance with the “Standard Operating Practice (SOP) for the Transfer of Position Responsibility," and appropriate facility directives each time operational responsibility for a position is transferred from one specialist to another. 2-1-24. WHEELS DOWN CHECK USA/USAF/USN Remind aircraft to check wheels down on each approach unless the pilot has previously reported wheels down for that approach. NOTE- The intent is solely to remind the pilot to lower the wheels, not to place responsibility on the controller. a. Tower shall issue the wheels down check at an appropriate place in the pattern. PHRASEOLOGY- CHECK WHEELS DOWN. b. Approach/arrival control, GCA shall issue the wheels down check as follows: 1. To aircraft conducting ASR, PAR, or radar monitored approaches, before the aircraft starts descent on final approach. 2. To aircraft conducting instrument approaches and remaining on the radar facility's frequency, before the aircraft passes the outer marker/final approach fix. PHRASEOLOGY- WHEELS SHOULD BE DOWN. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08

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2-1-12 General 2-1-25. SUPERVISORY NOTIFICATION Ensure supervisor/controller-in-charge (CIC) is aware of conditions which impact sector/position operations including, but not limited to, the following: a. Weather. b. Equipment status. c. Potential sector overload. d. Emergency situations. e. Special flights/operations. 2-1-26. PILOT DEVIATION NOTIFICATION When it appears that the actions of a pilot constitute a pilot deviation, notify the pilot, workload permitting. PHRASEOLOGY(Identification) POSSIBLE PILOT DEVIATION ADVISE YOU CONTACT (facility) AT (telephone number). REFERENCE- FAAO 8020.11, Aircraft Accident and Incident Notification, Investigation, and Reporting, Para 84, Pilot Deviations.