航空 发表于 2011-7-22 16:35:47

company,corporation,用哪个作“公司”名?

<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>目前有关</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>、</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>有限责任公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>、</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的英译很混乱,现归纳如下:</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' text-align: left;\? 4pt;><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>1."</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>的英译无章可循</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>和</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>是我国翻译</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的首选之词。但对二者的取舍,存在极大的分歧,无章可循。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>依据英文词典的释义,有人认为就公司的规模而言,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>大于</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。但这又不是绝对的;因为闻名世界的大公司也有使用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的情况,如</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Shell<BR>Oil company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>USA-JAPAN ELECTRONICS CO.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>所以大与小是相对的。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>也有人就公司的范围而言,认为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>在语域方面的适用范围宽于</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>诸如联合开发公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>United<BR>Development Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,器材公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Material<BR>Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,商贸公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Trading Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>),实业公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Industry Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,石油公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Oil Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,信托公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Trust Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,保险公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>[</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Insurance Company </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>]</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>航运公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Shipping Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,出版公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Publishing Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,化妆品公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?></SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,集团公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Group Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,大多数使用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词,但二者之间也没有什么严格的界限。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>还有人认为按英美等国的法律,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一定是具有独立法人资格的大公司,在美国英语中</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>指股份有限公司,如</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Unicorn<BR>Microelectronics Corp.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,但在美国具有法人资格的大公司也不乏采用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。如:</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Engineered Components Co.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,与</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Gulf Energy and Minerals Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>还有人认为从语体角度来看,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>通俗而</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>较为正式,但这也是相对而言的。另外,在英美的一些公司名称中,也有以老板的名字命名,而不用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>和</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的情况。如</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Harris</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(哈里斯公司)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Dickerson</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(狄格森公司)。因此我们说,有规则,就有例外。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>以上诸方面的探讨对</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>英译的规范是具有重大意义的。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' text-align: left;\? 4pt;><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>2 "</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>、</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>分公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>、</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>子公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>的英译</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>为了显示公司规模的庞大,给人以气势雄伟之感,人们总喜欢在其公司名称前加个</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>总</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>字。在我国大致可归纳为如下几种情况:</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>1) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>把公司译为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"corporation"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,省译</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>总</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>字。如:中国航空工业总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-China Aviation Industry Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,中国石油化工总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-China Petrochemical Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>2) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>在</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Company"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>和</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"corporation"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>之前加上</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"General"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>general</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>与</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>紧放在一起,中间不被其它修饰成份隔开,以免产生歧义。虽然这种译法在国内逐渐被大家接受,但在英美国家的公司名称中实际使用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>general</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词的并不多见。如:中国航空工业总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-China<BR>Space Industry general Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,北京建筑材料集团公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-Beijing Construction<BR>Material Group general Corp.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,哈里斯总公司(美)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Harris Corp,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>3) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>译为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"national"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>national</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>来表示该行业的最上层机构或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>总部</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>是十分贴切的。尤其是我国对外贸易经济合作部直属的一些企业,此译法值得一提。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"national"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词常置于</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>China</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>之后,但有时也有例外,置于</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"corporation"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词之前。如:中国技术进口总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-China National Technical Import Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,中国五金进出口总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>China National Metals and Minerals Import and Export<BR>Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,中国华润总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>China resources National Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>4) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>将</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>总</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>字译为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"international"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。如:国际商用机器总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>International Business Machines Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' text-align: left;\? 4pt;><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>有总,必有分支,下面归纳</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>分公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>、</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>支公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>子公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\? 幼圆;>的英译:</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(153, 51, 102);\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>1) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>译为:</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Subsidiary"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"branch"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"office"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。如</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Sanhong Electronic<BR>Device Co., Ltd.Shijiazhuang Branch, Sullair Corporation, Subsidiary of<BR>Sunstrand Corporation,MOTOROLA CHINA INC BEIJING REP. OFFICE</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>2) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>把</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"national"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>一词变为我国省份或公司所在大城市的汉语拼音进行翻译。因为我国企业素有使用注册地址命名的习惯,因而对各级全民所有制公司,这种做法是最简捷和普遍的。如:甘肃省机械进出口分公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>-China Gansu Machinery Import &amp; Export Corp.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>3) </SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>将省份名、地名置于句首或置于</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Co., Ltd.""Corp."</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>之前,并用括号括起来,这是一种典型简捷的方法。如:南京四通计算机分公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Nanjing Stone Computer corp.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>或者</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Stone Computer (Nanjing) Corporation</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>。但在分清</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>分公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>与</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>总公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>之间的关系时,又是见仁见智。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' text-align: left;\? 4pt;><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>3<BR>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>有限责任公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>与</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的英译</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>根据</SPAN><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = ST1 /><ST1:CHSDATE w:st='\"on\"' year='\"1999\"' month='\"12\"' day='\"25\"' islunardate='\"False\"' isrocdate='\"False\"'><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>1999</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>年</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>12</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>月</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>25</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>日</SPAN></ST1:CHSDATE><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》,第一章,总则第三条;</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>有限责任公司和股份有限公司是企业法人。有限责任公司,股东以其出资额为限对公司承担责任。股份有限公司,其全部资本分为等额股份,股东以其所持股份为限对公司承担责任,公司以其全部资产对公司的债务承担责任。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>由此可见,有限责任公司与股份有限公司最主要的共同点是:股东对公司债务承担的责任都是有限的,都仅限于个人的出资额。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限公司区别于有限责任公司的特点包括:公司资本筹集的公开性(向社会公开发行股票的形式),股东出资的股份性,公司股票的流通性等等。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>虽然股份有限公司与有限责任公司有其共同点,但两者毕竟有严格界线,不能混为一谈。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>那么,英译这两类公司的名称时也应注意其区分。我们应参照欧美部分国家在公司名称表示上的较为严谨的做法,结合我国的实际情况逐步规范我国公司名称的英译。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P>&nbsp;</O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>[</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>陈庆柏著《涉外经济法律英语》,法律出版社,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>1993</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>年</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>P.177]</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>:英国公司法规定的公司类型有无限责任公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Unlimited<BR>Liability Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,有限合伙公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Limited Partnership</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>),股票上市公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Public Limited Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>),与私人有限公司(</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Private<BR>Company Limited by Shares</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)等。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Public<BR>Limited Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>简称</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Public Company</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,习惯上采用</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>PLC.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>plc.</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>作为缩略式置于此类公司的名称之后,相当于我国公司法所称的股份有限公司。有人将</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Private<BR>Company Limited by Shares</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(直译为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限私人公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)中的</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Private"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>取掉变为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Company Limited by<BR>Shares</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>(对译为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>)。</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><BR><BR>
<P class='\"MsoNormal\"' align='\"left\"' 0cm 4pt 0&#46;0001pt; text-align: left;\?><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>Company<BR>Limited by Shares</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的确有</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>股份有限公司</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的意思,但它与我国公司法中所指的股份有限公司不是完全等同的。因为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Limited by Shares"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>的意思是公司股东以出资额为限对公司债务承担有限责任,即除了指股份有限公司外,还可指有限责任公司,因此</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Private Company Limited by Shares"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>真正所指相当于我国公司法中所指的有限责任公司。这类公司在英国常缩写为</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Co., Ltd."</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>,</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Limited"</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>或</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: Verdana;\?>"Ltd."</SPAN><SPAN 14pt; font-family: 幼圆;\?>置于公司名称的末尾来表示。目前,我国采用最多的几种公司英译表示法就是这一种。</SPAN></P>

deepred44 发表于 2012-2-14 18:47:41

非常强大非常 强大
页: [1]
查看完整版本: company,corporation,用哪个作“公司”名?