AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL OF AVIONICS EQUIPMENT
**** Hidden Message ***** AC 21-46(0) MARCH 2009AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL OF AVIONICS
EQUIPMENT
CONTENTS
1.
References 1
2.
Purpose 1
3.
Status of this AC 1
4.
Acronyms 2
5.
Background 2
6.
Current recognised standards 3
7.
Existing equipment approvals 4
8.
New equipment approvals 4
9.
Data requirements 4 Appendix 1 - Existing Avionics Standards 6 Appendix 2 - Approved Equipment 16
1. REFERENCES
. Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) 2 – Interpretation
. CAR 35 - Approval of design of modification or repair.
. CAR 207 - Requirements according to operations on which Australian aircraft used
. Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) 21.012 - Recognised foreign countries.
. CASR 21.305 - Approval of materials, parts, processes and appliances.
.
CASR 21.N Approval of engines,
propellers, materials, parts and
appliances: imported
.
Advisory Circular (AC) 21.27 Manufacturing Approval - Overview
.
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
.
RTCA/DO-178B - Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification.
.
RTCA/DO-160F - Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment.
2. PURPOSE
This Advisory Circular (AC) provides information and guidance concerning the standards used for required avionics equipment that are to be approved for installation in Australian aircraft.
3. STATUS OF THIS AC
This is the first AC published on this subject.
necessarily the only means, of complying with the Regulations, or to explain certain regulatory
Where an AC is referred to in a ‘Note’ below the regulation, the AC remains as guidance material. ACs should always be read in conjunction with the referenced regulations.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
4.
ACRONYMS AIP Aeronautical Information Publication ATSO Australian Technical Standard Order CAR Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority CASR Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 CAO Civil Aviation Order ETSO European Technical Standard Order EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment FAA Federal Aviation Administration (of the United States) NAA National Airworthiness Authority SAE Society of Automotive Engineers, International TSO Technical Standard Order
5.
BACKGROUND
5.1 Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) 2 states, in part, that aircraft components are “any part or equipment for an aircraft that, when fitted to, or provided in an aircraft may, if it is not sound or functioning correctly, affect the safety of the aircraft, its occupants or its cargo or cause the aircraft to become a danger to person or property.”
5.2 Any equipment fitted to, or on, an aircraft from time to time can be divided into two basic categories:
.
items required for compliance with the regulations governing specific types of operation; and
.
any other equipment that is fitted in addition to that required by regulation.
5.3 Any equipment fitted in compliance with the regulations must be approved by Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) prior to use as CAR 207(2) states, in part, “A person must not use an Australian aircraft in a class of operation if the aircraft is not; (a) fitted with instruments; and (b) fitted with, or carrying, equipment, including emergency equipment; that CASA has approved and directed.” As an example, the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) states that radio navigation equipment fitted to an aircraft must be of a type approved by CASA.
5.4 To be able to comply with the regulations, and to obtain CASA approval, all required equipment fitted to an aircraft must conform to an approved design standard and the manufacturing process designed to ensure continuing conformance to that standard. All other equipment must be of a design such that it is sound and functions correctly to ensure that it does not constitute a hazard to the aircraft or occupants.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
5.5 An increasing number of manufacturers are offering products that are not designed or meant for aviation use; this includes automotive equipment/components and commercial off the shelf equipment such as multifunction displays and radios. The use of this type of non-aircraft components has raised concerns in that they do not have any form of configuration control - manufacturers are issuing statements in supplied data to the effect that: “Specifications are subject to change without notice”. This may imply that:
.
equipment initially fitted during a modification may differ significantly to an item purchased at a later date as a replacement part;
.
embedded software may not have been verified against a known standard or tested to ensure that all functions operate correctly without producing unexpected outcomes. Manufacturers may also change and improve the software at any time. This software may appear to function correctly but may contain latent errors; and
.
manufacturers may not intend to support the existing equipment configuration in the longer term.
5.6 To facilitate the approval process, as per CAR 207(2), required equipment must:
.
comply with an accepted design standard;
.
be manufactured in a manner to ensure continuing conformance to that standard; and
.
be supplied with approved data, including continuing airworthiness requirements, to enable correct installation and operation.
5.7
This AC provides details of what data is necessary to support a request for approval of avionics equipment required by regulation to permit subsequent fitting, and continued safe operation, to an aircraft.
6.
CURRENT RECOGNISED STANDARDS
6.1 Appendix 1 provides a list of avionic equipment and the standard(s) applicable for that equipment. This is not an exhaustive list as new technology or novel applications of existing technologies may be beyond the scope of the existing standards. In this case it is recommended that the applicant approach CASA at the earliest instance to enable the development of an agreed standard.
6.2 Aircraft manufacturers, when certifying an aircraft model, explicitly state that the aircraft complies with a design standard extant at that time. This includes equipment fitted during production of the aircraft.
6.3 CASR 21.012 provides a list of Recognised Foreign Countries from where material, parts, processes, appliances and technical standards, approved by the National Airworthiness Authority (NAA), are automatically accepted.
6.4 Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) 21.305 automatically approves material, parts, processes or appliances approved as part of an Australian Technical Standard Order (ATSO) authorisation or as part of a Type Certified Product.
6.5 CASR Subpart 21.N provides the mechanism for the approval of imported items and is only concerned with the approval of imported items that comply with design and manufacture airworthiness standards automatically accepted by CASA or as otherwise negotiated with CASA.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
6.6
For all other equipment, consultation with CASA would enable approval of a suitable standard.
7.
EXISTING EQUIPMENT APPROVALS
7.1 Appendix 2 of this AC provides a listing of equipment that has been previously approved by CASA.
Note: This appendix is derived from Airborne Radio Classification Publication (Publication 50) which is no longer in print.
8. NEW EQUIPMENT APPROVALS
8.1 If approval for fitting required equipment to a certified aircraft by a recognised NAA has not been given then the device will need to be certified by an appropriate delegate. The following categories cover the different requirements and provide guidance as to the requirements of each category.
8.2 Design Approval. Approval of equipment as a stand alone item, conforming to an ATSO, TSO, ETSO or other agreed standard. This authorisation then allows the follow on fitment to aircraft registered in Australia in accordance with approved modification instructions.
8.3 “One Off” Approvals. The individual approval of an item of uncertified, or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment, to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft in accordance with an engineering order by a CAR 35 delegate.
8.4 Supplementary Type Certificate (STC). The approval of a particular model of uncertified or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft types using the supplementary type certificate process.
8.5
Production. The approval of a particular model of uncertified or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft types during production of that aircraft. Refer to CASA AC 21.27 Manufacturing Approval – Overview providing guidance on various types of production approvals.
9.
DATA REQUIREMENTS
9.1 The Applicant, which can be either an individual or a company, for an approval takes design responsibility for that item of equipment. The responsibility rests with the Applicant to ensure that:
.
An appropriate design standard has been identified and agreed to by CASA;
.
A data package for the candidate equipment confirming the; design, materials, processes, performance parameters and test plans to be used for the production model is collated and submitted. This needs to address, as a minimum:
.
Testing and verification of embedded software (if any) in accordance with an acceptable standard (e.g. RTCA/DO-178B Level A, B, C or D) to confirm operability and functionality. Software is to be treated as any other component and will need to have configuration control;
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
.
Environmental testing may also be necessary to ensure the equipment will continue to operate in all expected operational environmental conditions. This may include recovery of operational modes from direct and indirect lightning strikes, extreme temperature conditions, altitude tests and other tests defined by RTCA/DO-160F for the selected operating conditions of the equipment. Consultation with CASA may be necessary to identify the individual testing programs appropriate for the intended use of the equipment;
.
Each item of equipment needs to be conformed to the data package to confirm build status in both hardware and software;
.
Each item of equipment delivered from the original manufacturer needs to be tested to confirm the functionality and performance parameters as detailed in the design specifications. The applicant needs to uniquely identify the component by issuing the device with a unique part number; and
. This data package will be frozen and identified as the model intended for fitting to the aircraft and will be subject to configuration control in a manner similar to other aircraft components.
Group General Manager Airworthiness Engineering Group
APPENDIX 1
Existing Avionics Standards
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Aircraft Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) II (Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) II Change 7) TSO-C119b RTCA/DO-185A
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) TSO-C41d ETSO-2C41d RTCA/DO-179
Automatic Dependant Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Extended Squitter 1090 MHz TSO-C166 TSO-C166a ATSO-C1004 ATSO-C1005 RTCA/DO-260 RTCA/DO-260A
Air Data Computer TSO-C106 AS8002
Aircraft Portable Megaphones TSO-C137a AS4950B
Airspeed Indicator TSO-C2d AS8019A
Airspeed Tubes TSO-C16 TSO-C16 Amdt 1 TSO-C16a AS393 AS8006
Alternator TSO-C56a AS8020
Altimeter TSO-C10b AS392C
Anti-Collision Light TSO-C96a AS8017A
Arc Fault Circuit Breakers 115V 400Hz TSO-C178 AS5692
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Area Navigation Equipment using Multi-sensor Inputs TSO-C115a RTCA/DO-187
Artificial Horizon TSO-C4c AS396B
Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponder TSO-C74c ATSO-1C74c RTCA/DO-144
Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)/Mode S Transponder TSO-C112 ATSO-1C112 ETSO-2C112a RTCA/DO-181C
Attitude Gyro TSO-C4c AS396B
Attitude Indicator TSO-C4c AS396B
Audio selector/ amplifiers TSO-C50c RTCA/DO-170
Audio Systems and Equipment TSO-C139 RTCA/DO-214
Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment TSO-C68a RTCA/DO-158
Autopilot TSO-C9c AS402A
Avionics Supporting Next Generation Satellite Systems TSO-C159 RTCA/DO-262
Bank and Pitch Instruments TSO-C4c AS396B
Batteries (Lithium Sulphur Dioxide) TSO-C97
Batteries (Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) and Lead Acid) TSO-C173 RTCA/DO-293
Batteries, Lithium - rechargeable TSO-C179
Batteries, Lithium - non-rechargeable TSO-C142a RTCA/DO-227
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Battery Based Emergency Power Supplies TSO-C174
Carbon Monoxide Detector Instruments TSO-C48 AS412A
Cargo Compartment Fire Detection Instruments TSO-C1d AS8036
Cockpit Image Recorder Systems TSO-C176 ED-112
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) TSO-C123b ED-56A
Combined Instrument Landing System (ILS)/Microwave Landing System (MLS) Airborne Receiving Equipment ETSO-2C500a
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) See receiver equipment standard
Cylinder Head Temperature Indicator TSO-C43c AS8005
Data Link Recorder systems TSO-C177 ED-112
Demand Oxygen masks TSO-C78
Directional Gyro, Non-Magnetic TSO-C5f AS8021
Directional Gyro, Magnetic TSO-C6d AS8013
Distance Measuring Equipment(International) (DME (I)) TSO-C66c ETSO-2C66b RTCA/DO-189
Doppler Radar TSO-C65a RTCA/DO-158
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) see TSO-C151b RTCA/DO-161A RTCA/DO-200A
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS)
Electrical Generator TSO-C56a AS8020
Electrical Starter TSO-C56a AS8020
Electronic Map Display TSO-C165 RTCA/DO-257A
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) 121.5 MHz / 243 MHz TSO-C91a ETSO-2C91a RTCA/DO-183
ELT 406MHz TSO-C126 ETSO-2C126 RTCA/DO-204
Equipment that prevents Blocked Channels used in two-way radio comms due to simultaneous transmissions TSO-C122a ETSO-2C122 RTCA/DO-209
Equipment that prevents Blocked Channels used in two-way radio comms due to unintentional transmissions TSO-C128a ETSO-2C128 RTCA/DO-207
Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicator TSO-C43c AS8005
Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) AIR 5924
Fire Detectors (radiation) TSO-C79
Flight Data Recorder (FDR) TSO-C51a TSO-C124b ED-55
Flight Director TSO-C52b AS8008
Flight Information Services - TSO-C157 RTCA/DO-267A
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Broadcast
Flight Management Systems (FMS) TSO-C153
Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Equipment TSO-C141 AS4914
Free Air Temperature Indicator TSO-C43c AS8005
Fuel Flow Meter TSO-C44c TSO-C44d** AS407B
Fuel Pressure Indicator TSO-C47a AS408A
Fuel Quantity Indicator TSO-C55a AS405
Fuel Transmitter TSO-C55a AS405
Geosynchronous Orbit Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Services Aircraft Earth Station TSO-C132 RTCA/DO-210D
Global Positioning System (GPS) Active Antenna TSO-C190 RTCA/DO-301
GPS Antenna Passive TSO-C144 RTCA/DO-228
GPS Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Navigation Equipment TSO-C161 RTCA/DO-253A
GPS GBAS VHF Data Broadcast TSO-C162 RTCA/DO-253A
GPS Supplemental Navigation System TSO-C129a RTCA/DO-208
GPS Wide Area Augmentation TSO-C145b RTCA/DO-229
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
System (WAAS) Navigation Sensors
GPS WAAS Stand Alone Receivers TSO-C146b RTCA/DO-229C
GPS Ground-based Regional Augmentation system (GRAS) RTCA/DO-310
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) TSO-C92c RTCA/DO-161A
Headsets/Speakers TSO-C57a RTCA/DO-170
Helicopter Radar Approach and Beacon system TSO-C102 RTCA/DO-172
High Frequency (HF) Datalink TSO-C158 RTCA/DO-265
HF Receiver TSO-C32d RTCA/DO-163
HF Transceiver TSO-C170 RTCA/DO-163
HF Transmitter TSO-C31d RTCA/DO-163
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) See receiver equipment standard
Hydraulic Pressure Instruments TSO-C47a AS408A
Instrument Landing System (ILS) Glide Slope Receiver TSO-C34e ETSO-2C34f RTCA/DO-192
ILS Localizer Receiver TSO-C36e ETSO-2C36f RTCA/DO-195
Induction System Temperature Indicator TSO-C43c AS8005
Integrated Modular Avionics Hardware Elements TSO-C153
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (IVSI) TSO-C8e AS8016
Landing Light TSO-C30c AS8037
Mach Meter TSO-C95 AS8018
Magnetic Direction Indicator (compass) TSO-C7d AS398
Magnetos
Manifold Pressure Indicator TSO-C45b AS411
Marker Beacon TSO-C35d ETSO-2C35d RTCA/DO-143
Maximum Allowable Airspeed Indicator TSO-C46a
Microphones TSO-C58a RTCA/DO-170
MLS Converter Equipment Interim Standard TSO-C93 ETSO-2C93b
MLS Receiving Equipment TSO-C104 ETSO-2C104a RTCA/DO-177
Mode C Code Generating Equipment TSO-C88b AS8003
Mode S Aircraft Data Link Processor ETSO-2C501
Multi Function Display (MFD) TSO-C113 AS8034
Multi Mode Receiver See individual parts (VOR, GPS etc) TSO-C153 RTCA/DO-297
Navigation Data Storage System TSO-C109
Navigation/Position Lights TSO-C30c AS8037
Night Vision Goggle (NVG) TSO-C164## RTCA/DO-275## CAO 82.6
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Oil Pressure Indicator TSO-C47a AS408A
Oil Quantity Indicator TSO-C55a AS405
Overspeed Warning Instrument TSO-C101 AS8007
Oxygen Mask Assembly Continuous Flow TSO-C64a TSO-C103 AS8025 1224A
Oxygen Regulator TSO-C89a AS8027
Passive Thunderstorm Detection TSO-C110a RTCA/DO-191
Pitot/Static Tubes, electrically heated TSO-C16a AS8006
Powerplant Fire Detection TSO-C11e ETSO-2C11e AS8028
Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) TSO-C99 TSO-C116 AS8031
Radar Altimeter TSO-C87 TSO-C67 ETSO-2C87 RTCA/DO-103 RTCA/DO-60
Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) See receiver equipment standard
Rate Gyro AS1104
Recorder Independent Power Supply TSO-C155
Selective Calling System (SELCAL) TSO-C59a RTCA/DO-93
Stall Warning Instruments TSO-C54 AS403A
Starter/Generators TSO-C56b AS8020
Static Converters TSO-C71
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
Static Inverters TSO-C73
Tachometer Indicator TSO-C49b AS411
Taxi Light TSO-C30c AS8037
Traffic Alert And Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) I TSO-C118 RTCA/DO-197
Temperature Instruments TSO-C43c AS8005
Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) TSO-C151b RTCA/DO-161A, RTCA/DO-200A
Traffic Advisory System (TAS) TSO-C147 RTCA/DO-197A
Turbine Inlet Temperature Indicator TSO-C43c AS8005
Turn and Slip Indicator TSO-C3d AS8004
Turn Coordinator TSO-C3d AS8004
Underwater Locating Devices TSO-C121a AS8045
Very High Frequency (VHF) Data Link (VDL) Mode 2 TSO-C160 RTCA/DO-281A
VDL Mode 3 TSO-C163 RTCA/DO-271C
Vertical Speed Indictor (VSI) TSO-C8e AS8016
VHF Receiver TSO-C38d ETSO-2C38e RTCA/DO-156
VHF Transceiver TSO-C169 RTCA/DO-186A
VHF Transmitter TSO-C37d ETSO-2C37e RTCA/DO-186
VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range TSO-C40c ETSO-2C40c RTCA/DO-196 ED-22A
Equipment FAA TSO ATSO ETSO SAE RTCA EUROCAE OTHER
(VOR)
Weather Radar TSO-C63c ETSO-2C63c RTCA/DO-173
Weather Radar Display TSO-C105 RTCA/DO-174
Windshear Warning and Escape Guidance Systems TSO-C117a ARP 4102/11
Note 1: ** TSO is pending.
Note 2: ## Standard used as a basis for the development of an Australian standard.
Note 3: Superseded versions of a TSO may still be current and applicable.
Note 4: Most TSOs refer to RTCA/DO 178B for software considerations, RTCA/DO 160F for environmental considerations and RTCA/DO 275 for hardware
aspect of complex designs. Later revisions or EUROCAE equivalents are also acceptable.
APPENDIX 2
Approved Equipment
Note: Appendix 2 of this DRAFT AC is derived from Airborne Radio Classification Publication (Publication 50) which is no longer in print. It is not attached to this draft but will be included when AC21-46 is published.
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